HGP 100 Final Review

Representation of age and sex comp. of population; younger at bottom and older at top

Which theory proposes a core, semi-periphery and periphery?

Why is it hard for countries to achieve industrial growth?

Changes in tech, organization, ideology that permit relationships between humans+ environment

What kind of location refers to arbitrary grid system; mathematically precise measurements?

Which von Thunen theory: the intensity of prod. decreases with increasing distance from market

When does something become a resource?

When do people become concerned about environmental change?

Who argued that hunger has nothing to do with production and everything to do with poverty?

Which way of water pollution is caused by animals and can result in oxygen depletion?

What is the key issue to environmental preservation?

Small voice given to migrant; related to actions of others who directly influence migration

Which branch of humanism is the most important to human geographers?

East/West; meridians

All aspects of human reproduction that lead to live births; live number of births by women

Identified by the presence of a certain characteristic

Who wrote Geographia?

What is measured by the Human Development Index?

As people become richer, do they become happier?

White (1984) tried to model which type of city?

Who claims the earth is entering a new evolutionary era with greatest mass extinction?

The UN estimates 80% of the world lives in urban areas. What is this expected to rise to?

what is the ideal shape of a hinterland?

location of geographic fact with reference to the immediate local environment

Argues both world pop. and world economy may collapse from inadequate resources

Region identified on basis of perceptions held by people inside/outside region

Which is a positive of nuclear power?

Who created the heartland theory?

A region that comprises a set of linked locations

What is one way a loan is helpful?

What is required for economic growth to lead to a decline in environmental problems?

Which origin of cities contributed to a grid pattern for streets?

Who formed the chorology approach combining special and general geography?

What caused permanent settlements to form?

Theory of power based on state controlling area surrounding heartland held key to world power

What does Collier argue leads to corrupt government?

Which method refers to research with focus on attitudes, behaviour, and observation of humans?

How much of global energy needs could be supplied by renewable energy by 2050?

Which is not an economic attribute of a global city?

Which suggests a division into core, semi-periphery, periphery; periphery depends on core?

Which aspect would Le Corbusier not want in his Cities of Towers?

Which country is the happiest?

The tendency for high skill jobs to be located in MD world, while low skill industrial are LD

a planned area of open, partially rural land surrounding urban area, where development restrict

What was the main goal of the Montreal Protocol in 1987?

When did the urban population of the world exceed the rural for the first time?

What does the world systems theory propose leads to dependency?

What does Wilson not believe about humans?

Which is a negative aspect of gentrification?

How many megacities existed in 1950? How many exist now (2014)?

What is the ultimate cause of hunger and famine?

Which geological epoch have we recently came out of?

Sustainable development was not a key focus at what?

What transportation method has reduced costs dramatically?

Institutions/organization through which state exercises power

Which type of African city includes mining towns?

Slow growth, then exponential increase and leveling out at ceiling describes what growth model?

when production/distribution are not contained by boundaries can we speak of ___ instead of ___

Real extent used in absolute and relative forms

Why do people believe using GDP, GNP, GNI are inappropriate to measure wellbeing?

What occurs when substances that degrade air, land and water are released into the environment?

Which type of feminism contends gender differentiation is from inequality different than others

Which resources regenerate within a human lifespan?

Model of human behaviour where individual=rational; maximize return, minimize costs

Maps of ____ areas are at _____ scale, while maps of _____ areas are at _____ scale

What is essential to combat ocean pollution?

Which has no dogma, loose philosophy, polytheistic and developed Sikhism?

What is zone 1 of von Thunen's agricultural location theory?

areas where there is a degree of homogeneity in cultural characteristics; similar landscapes

The characteristics of a particular area created through human activity

Which maps are "handy" with radiating lines from centres; corresponding to points of compasses?

Which exploration factor was initiated by Prince Henry of Portugal?

A body of theories explaining the distribution of economic activities

If a population is declining, what shape will the population pyramid be?

Collection of ideas/practices concerned with challenging inequalities evident in landscape

What was the 1997 Kyoto Protocol designed to do?

Who popularized geopolitik?

Change experienced by ind. over lifespans divided into stages with particular behaviours

a continuously built up area formed by coalescing of several separate cities

Why is housing different from other commodities?

What is the preferred terminology of UN, World Bank, Population Reference Bureau?

What were civilizations the consequence of?

Which relationship, described as a feedback, reinforces change?

What is NOT a reason geographers are interested in megacities?

Refers to any form of environmental protection

Which is a way that value CANNOT be affected in a house?

The process by which humans acquire info about physical/social environments

concerned with the unique and particular

Free migrations prompted by push-pull factors widely experienced by a group

As a result of ceased increase in MD, and rapid increase in LD, the world population....

Who divided the world into one torrid, two temperate and two frigid zones?

What type of language is designed to serve the purposes of commerce between dif groups?

The view that human activities are controlled by the physical environment

Which technology helps monitor land use change?

What comprises a set of interacting/interdependent organisms and their environments?

What effect of oil extraction does not harm the environment?

discriminatory practice identifying parts of city as high risk in terms of loans for property

What aspect of forests is increasing?

Spread and growth of cities; increasing proportion of pop. living in urban areas

How many regions is Canada divided into?

A concern for food and population imbalance describes what theory?

Which method is used by positivists, arguably removing humans from research?

The maximum distance people are prepared to travel to obtain good/service

Which is not a way urban hierarchies are ranked?

Condition in which society interprets interests in terms of the worldview of a dominant group

Who tackled the problem of representing a sphere on a flat surface in 1569?

What term was coined by World Commission on Environment+Development in 1987?

How many languages exist?

What did deforestation not symbolize?

By what percentage has human activity caused animal populations to decline?

Group members who see themselves as different because of common ancestry/shared culture

What theory suggests some areas must remain undeveloped for others to prosper?

What does not receive special status from religions?

What was the key defeat for globalization according to Saul?

location; has acquired meaning as a context of human action

What is caused by a diet lacking food necessary for health?

When and where was the UN Conference on Human Environment held?

Internal homogenity, relatively distinct from other areas; intellectual creations

Which of these describes lines that join points of equal time distance from a single location?

A planned settlement to combine urban/rural life, emphasizing space and quality of life

What is the title of Carson's book that shifted appreciation of human impacts in ecosystems?

Which transportation system is made difficult/impossible by the topography?

Why do sex ratios vary with age?

Who developed the rimland theory?

World Bank estimates that approximately ___people receive insufficient food to support activity

Which ideology contends that human study can be objective?

Which physical factor affects livestock the most?

Which strived to see change in human world if the facilities are no longer working to suit us?

What is the study of the importance of space in understanding international relationships?

Inner city urban neighbourhoods social change resulting from movement of higher income groups

What is not a reason refugees flee their homes?

What are the two main approaches of urban geography?

Ernest Burgess developed what zone model in 1925?

What is one way women are NOT isolated?

Which was the first universalizing religion, spread by monks, popular in Thailand and Burma?

Who developed the concept of an ecosystem?

Why is the CBR crude?

Pattern of geographical facts within an area

A map that uses lines to connect locations of equal data value

Who developed the world systems theory?

The concept that states are often unequally divided between cores and dependent peripheries

Which is NOT an example of a binary urban system?

Which of these models was not developed by the Chicago school?

Forces that pull an area together to create a relatively stable state

Does political globalization challenge the integrity of the individual state?

Which contends that we know through experience; experience only what exists

Which geographic tradition established by the Greeks was contributed to by Eratosthenes?

Who is considered the father of geography?

Which argument is pro-globalization?

How many millenium development goals were identified and approved?

Which explanation of the world food problem has developed most recently?

large populations grow ______ small ones

The UN High Commissioner for Refugees estimates ___ people have been forced to leave home

Who argued humans needed to develop an ecocentric view and recognize we are all connected?

CDR decreases lots because of urbanizaation, RNI high; pop. growth rapid

Which transportation system charged tolls for its users?

deaths as a component of population change

What problem does a country like China pose to measuring urban populations?

How many people could use the 9 000 km³ of water that is readily available?

Theory believing capitalism was the cause of poverty and a resource distribution problem exists

High CBR//High CDR; infant mortality high, life expectancy low; low income agri. economy

What is zone 2 of von Thunen's agricultural location theory?

What do human geographers base their questions of identity on?

Diamond proposed continent shapes are crucial because latitudinal (__) allows tech spread

Resolution levels used in research; size of area or time period covered, no. of people

Farmers want max leisure time, will only change to supply increasing pops- substinence

Which is not a process of transportation evolution?

What kind of space is perceptual, socially produced, and subject to continuous change?

How thin is the ecosphere/biosphere?

What is a consequence of urban/industrial activities that releases sulphur/nitrous oxides?

Declining CBR, CDR already low, RNI falls

What replaced the ITO?

Endorses the right of ethnic groups to remain distinct

Largest city in urban system, capital, dominates life, more than twice the size of next biggest

Who published On The Origin of Species in 1859 and placed extinction of species into context?

Homer Hoyt developed what model in 1939?

Places/events carefully constructed for mass leisure and consumption

Who studied geography as the influence of physical geography on humans AND human landscape?

Violation of immigration laws, or because of policy changes or complexity of maintaining status

Discharged mental patients and homeless are examples of

Canada defines urban areas as any place with a population in excess of...

What year was the first that children under 14 were outnumbered by people over 60?

How much have global temperatures increased in the past 100 years?

What is the sex ratio for males to females?

Which variable affects spatial patterns of agriculture the most?

LD countries have ___ rates of mortality/fertility and ___ rates of literacy/industrialization

Global politics do not make what more difficult?

The max population that can be supported given the resources and technology

Ghetto areas in cities and Aboriginal reserve lands in Canada/US are examples of

The conception, production, dissemination and study of maps

What is the biggest single factor contributing to spread of AIDS?

Political unit that contains one national group; gives it identity and defines its territory

Which belief deemed earth as a home for humans made by God?

Location of a geographic fact with reference to broad spatial system of which it is a part

Where is the hearth area of the culture?

Who argues we live in a semi-globalized world at best, and globalization is an exaggeration?

Why was the concentric model criticized?

housing tend to experience being occupied by different income groups

What is not a notable rate of change for populations?

Which disease is reported to be the greatest killer in history?

Movement over time sustained by social links/kinship/friends resulting in distinct areas

Who studied geography as chorology?

CBR/CDR low and basically equal, RNI low ; pop. momentum has pop. increase- low fert., aging

Which urban hearth area was located in Pakistan?

What is the reuse of material and energy sources called?

Environmental friendly tourism; allows experience of distinctive ecosystem

Issues through which individuals give meaning to their lives is?

Which of these is a push factor?

Analysis of change treating each area separately in evolutionary matter; all areas autonomous

Why is wind power NOT criticized?

What perspective is used to analyze environmental issues?

Which part of the ecosystem is related to land?

Who contends the world's geography is critical to understanding spread of agriculture?

Group sharing common culture and attachment to some territory; difficult to define

Urban fertility is usually _________ rural fertility

What does not play a role in segregation?

What is the most important change affecting human geography?

What happens with increasing industrialization and urbanization to fertility?

Which is not a principle ecological consequence of rain forest removal?

Which branch of humanism centers around the idea that researchers need verstehen?

The world pop. is _____ but at a slowly ______ rate

Which of these will not cause conflict regarding Arctic sovereignty?

When did colonialism end?

How much global energy consumption is caused by fossil fuels?

Who developed the grid system based on poles and equator?

shift of birth/death rates from high-low levels; mortality decreases before fertility

Why might biofuels do more harm than good?

existing language used as common means of communication between different language groups

Which driving force also promotes a new lifestyle that changes the environment?

Ford (1996) tried to model which city?

What does an ecocentric view focus most on?

What term did Naess introduce in 1979?

What are discussions of gender based on?

Spatial separation of population subgroups within wider urban population

The centre of the city, usually characterized by high rise offices/residence and government

Rejects notions of impartiality; knowledge is not neutral, cannot be acquired in detached way

In order for humans to be a force of nature, what must be true?

What is voluntary segregation referred to as?

Which effect on international relationships requires condemnation?

Which country posesses the essential characteristics of the isolated state?

What is not taken into account in the HDI?

temporal perspective refers to what?

Ability of person to produce a live child; potential rather than actual number

Who formulated the concept of economic rent?

A centre of office and retail activities located on edge of large urban centre

Which one is a negative of hydropower?

Which is NOT a category of urban land use?

What is NOT an example of a low order service?

Why is the CDR crude?

What is the rank-size distribution equation?

The ____ the Gender Inequality Index value, the ___ the inequality

What do cities not include?

When an ethnic group is absorbed into larger society and loses its identity

Do relative locations change?

Which map shows the world divided by a body of water and is based off of scriptural dogma?

Which is not a piece of technology that harnesses wind and water power?

interpretation of visual images to uncover symbolic meaning

How did ebola spread so quickly?

high status residential area with limited access; often surrounded by wall, fence, buffer zone

By what fraction did the WWF claim biodiversity had plummeted in 2008?

American school of geography by Sauer; focuses on human made landscapes

pop. growth continuing beyond the time of replacement fertillity being reached

Which country's creation in 2011 was the first challenge to colonial boundaries?

Who believed that global warming is inevitable but our intelligence will help us cope?

Which is not an example of a semi-periphery?

a part of city with internal homogenity; uniform income, ethnicity, reflect shared social value

What is the primary goal of zoning?

Who focused on anthropogeography/human geography?

Collection of demographic + other data relating to all citizens of country at a given time

Why is transportation NOT controversial?

Rejects rationality assumptions of economic operator model; objective to reach satisfaction

Which is monotheistic,divided internally and known for diaspora?

The RNI measures rate of pop. growth by subtracting...

What is a country receiving refugees called?

How many km³ of water is readily available?

What TFR is considered replacement-level fertility?

Which country never ratified the Kyoto Protocol?

What percentage of global water supplies does agriculture use?

The number of males per _____ females in a population is a sex ratio

The garden city movement by Ebenezer Howard did not include which aspect?

Who published Geographia Generalis?

What was not a cause of the ozone hole?

the idea that poverty is transmitted intergenerationally, reflecting spatial variation in opp.

How many countries were assessed as less developed in 2014?

Which type of feminism links gender inequality to class?

Which model is parallel to the demographic transition model?

Cultures that survive in rural areas with distinct identities and resist change are

What was not something Aristotle noted a relationship between?

How are needs and wants satisfied?

Which effect is distance based?

When did the first Green party form?

The arrangement of land uses in cities, related to urban morphology

North/South; parallels

Which new attitude principle most clearly takes an ecocentric view?

What is NOT an issue with data collection?

Why is Third World unable to be used today?

What is the most common centripetal force?

One of most important urban planning tools; controls use of land and buildings

Any human change to an ecosystem usually________?

What equation determines change in population size when referring to fertility/mortality?

Creating electoral districts of varying population size to benefit one party

Which country promises to wean off oil by 2020?

Concerned with the universal and the general

What led to the creation of the IMF and World Bank?

Which degree of homelessness is characterized by sleeping rough?

What is a diet inadequate to sustain normal activity referred to as?

Which approach views the scientific method as the most appropriate study?

Which of these introduced by Hagerstrand referred to diffusion to urban centres first?

Urban centre providing goods and services for the surrounding population

Which theory is associated with quantitative methods and theory development; spatial analysis

Which was an offshoot of Judaism, spread rapidly, divided, and is common in Western culture?

advances in science/tech will continue to create sufficient resources for growing pop

Where are the majority of megacities located?

Is land assigned to the most efficient use or the most profitable use?

Focusing on what ought to be rather than what it is; seeking what is rational or optimal

What kind of space is objective and exists in areal relations among phenomena?

What does the Anthropocene epoch imply?

Which group expanded maps past the local because of their mobilization?

Which term views globalization as a new age?

What was the only variable in the isolated state model by von Thunen?

Procedure used to represent positions of all/ part of earth sphere on a flat surface

What's the tendency for groups to assert their right to a state separate from the occupied one?

Important node in global economy; dominant city in global hierarchy

Cultures that are largely urban and embrace/seek change are

What are farmers NOT motivated by?

Goods available freely or are provided by the state

What is a belief that a nation and state should be congruent; nation-state is natural pol. unit

Can filtering go both upwards and downwards?

When an ethnic group is absorbed into larger society while retaining distinct identity aspects

What happened to populations once agricultural production improved

Which was harder to calculate because there is no way to estimate time?

Spatial dimension of separation; fundamental concept in spatial analysis

Highest order settlements will be _____ in number, lowest order will be most ________

Forces that make it difficult to bind a nation together as an effective state

Who believes the Earth is reaching but hasn't passed a point of no return?

Which theory centers on the relationship between dependence and underdevelopment?

Carrying capacity ____ static

Who proposed that Europe divide into smaller, ethnic states?

Those that argue pop. increases and environment damage will lead to food shortage, disease, war

Realigning electoral boundaries to benefit a particular party

The multiple nuclei model by Harris and Ullman (1945) said centres could?

What are the circular pathways of chemicals called?

Surplus income on unit of land above minimum income needed to bring a unit of new land

Measure of satisfaction an individual derives from a location relative to their goals

Minerals and land that take a long time to form and are fixed in supply are referred to as?

Which is NOT a ranking of a global city?

When people move from an unfavourable environment to a better one

Who coined the term geopolitics?

What was first calculated in 1995?

Who identified low lake levels as human impact and explained they were caused by deforestation?

Who described the world as flat regarding improved communications?

Why is the north and south no longer able to be used?

Canada and Belgium are examples of

The spread of a phenomenon over space and its growth through time

Global water shortages are unlikely because humans only use ____ of water in global water cycle

What view regards humans as central fact of world; stressing centrality of humans to detriment?

Depiction of world, ack. the impossibility to be exact of all depictions affected by researcher

Residential district in an urban area with conc. of particular ethnic group

Which branch of feminism was concerned with securing equal rights and opportunities for women?

Refers to way of life of society members; refer to ability to analyze then change environment

Why is the cycle of poverty criticized?

Which way is economic value transferred?

When was geography formalized as an institutionalized academic discipline?

Legally incorporated self-governing unit; bigger size/importance than town or village

Assimilation is part of ____ immigration policy, while acculturation is part of ___ immigration

Who argues that lowering trade barriers and investing capital in LD will help?

The World Development Report categorizes countries by GNI per capita. What is the issue?

Difference between core city and its surrounding areas; moving from core to suburbs

Those who flee their homes but remain in the country are referred to as?

The degree to which needs/wants of society are being satisfied

How much has sea level risen in the past 100 years due to global warming?

Theory that social life=explained by models; extends economic operator concept to other parts

Boundaries that are defined after an area has been settled are

Geographers don't enjoy economic geography because

Theory of world power based on assumption of state controlling heartland held key to world dom.

Which is going to be the first ecosystem completely erased by humans by 2100?

Ideological preference and identity of researcher as they relate to research subjects

What is NOT a social impact on fertility?

A theory to explain spatial distribution of urban centres respecting size and function

Which system lacks inputs and outputs?

Largely unplanned expansion of an urban area into rural areas

Which did Hagerstand NOT introduce?

Key point of entry to major geographic region for goods/people; several cultures absorbed

Subordinate group seen by/contrasted to dominant groups; difference and inferiority

Why is globalization more common than national/regional/global forces nowadays?

What suggests that all of our behaviour aims to minimize effort?

Which best describes the heartland theory?

When was the Rio Earth Summit held?

Who focused on the relationship between available resources and number of people?

Cultural region associated with particular cultural group; strong emotion attached to place

Who wrote Guide to Geography and mapped 8 000 places on a grid with coordinates?

Which is NOT a characteristic of a Chinese city?

Who distinguished between centrifugal and centripetal geopolitical forces?

The International Energy Authority predicts an increase of how much in energy demand by 2030?

If the doubling rate of 1.2 continues, the world population will double in ___ years

Informal settlement in urban core; poverty, substandard housing, crime, lack of sanitation

A decrease in the friction of distance between locations

A pidgin language that assumes the status of a mother tongue for a group

How did empires begin primarily?

Where is culture dominant?

Who believed that humans inhabited the Earth to transform it?

Is travel time directly proportional to physical distance?

When the migrant has the choice to stay or move

Which describes the attraction of tourists to religious landscape?

Which is not a reason removing tropical rainforests is short-sighted?

The study of human populations

Which does fire not do?

The declining intensity of any pattern/process with increasing distance from given location

____ cores and _____ peripheries exacerbate seperatist tendencies in peripheries

Who described globalization as a neoconservative ideology that failed to make the world better?

Which ideology is referred to as historical materialism?

economic __________ leads to a __________ in environmental problems

The factors that explain people's ability to acquire food based on their power

Which refugee crisis was not caused by a division of a country?

Which aspect of the City Beautiful movement had the most substansive outcome?

Which of these is a pull factor?

a political unit with defined and internationally acknowledged boundaries

Which is not a reason the 1977 UN Plan of Action was a failure in combating desertification?

Which species reproduces less when they are fed?

Where was the 2002 UN World Sustainable Development Summit held?

Which cause of desertification is hard to measure?

What is the simplest/most common measure of fertility?

Which ideology sees human behaviour constrained by economic processes?

Name of place; evidence provided can be crucial in studies of movement/settlement

Concept based on likely importance of initial occupancy in determining later land uses

Which is NOT a piece of technology used to monitor the environment?

What is NOT an example of a high order service?