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12 wk. Benchmark Review
12 wk. Benchmark Review
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Biology 12 week Benchmark Study Guide
Flashcards
95 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
95
Answers
1
Why do most plants appear green?
the pigment chlorophyll absorbs green wavelengths of light
the pigment chloroplast reflects green wavelengths of light
the pigment chlorophyll reflects green wavelengths of light
the pigment chloroplast reflects green wavelengths of light
2
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are _______________.
homozygous
heterozygous
recessive
dominant
3
How do enzymes affect reactions in living cells?
they don't affect living cells
change speed of chemical reactions
4
Cell specialization in multicellular organisms allows cells to perform different functions.
False
True
5
Which is not a component of a DNA molecule?
ribose
nitrogenous base
deoxyribose
phosphate
6
What is the correct order of the cell cycle?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
interphase,prophase,metaphase,anaphase,telophase,cytokinesis
cytokinesis,telophase,anaphase,metaphase,prophase,interphase
prophase, metaphse, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
7
A DNA strand with the bases CTAGGT will produce what in terms of amino acids?
glutamine
aspartic acid and proline
proline only
aspartic acid only
8
What are organisms that make their own food known as?
heterotrophs
consumers
selftrophs
autotrophs
9
The air bubbles and spongy texture of bread are due to what process?
alcoholic fermentation
glycolysis
Krebs cycle
lactic acid fermentation
10
If 2 genes on the same chromosome rarely assort independently, what is true of the distance?
they are located on different chromosomes
they are close together
they are the same gene
they are far apart
11
Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to what organelle?
golgi body
nucleus
mitochondria
ribosome
12
Cross of a black chicken & white one produce all speckled offspring, what type of inheritance?
multiple alleles
codominance
incomplete dominance
polygenic traits
13
What is the function of a ribosome?
process, package, and ship proteins
make energy out of food
uses sunlight to make food
make proteins using instructions within DNA
14
How does the Calvin Cycle differ from the light-dependent reactions?
it takes place in the stroma
it takes place in the thylakoids
it requires light
it takes place in the mitochondira
15
Which is the levels of organization in multicellular organisms from simplest to most complex?
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, individuals
individuals, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells
cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, individuals
organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, individuals
16
Examine the Punnett square. Which of Mendel's principles explains why the offspring is albino?
dominance
independent assortment
segregation
inheritance
17
A cell has 92 chromatids at metaphase. After, mitosis the 2 nuclei has how many chromosomes?
23
12
46
92
18
A gas given off by a plant would most likely be?
hydrogen
carbon dioxide
helium
oxygen
19
How is energy released from ATP?
by capturing sunlight
by breaking the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate
by adding a 3rd phosphate to the 2nd phosphate
by releasing carbon dioxide
20
What happens during translation?
decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain
process where nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into mRNA
decoding the DNA message into a polypeptide chain
copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA
21
What is the acronym used to remember the 7 characteristics of life?
What is an acronym?
H.O.G.R.E.C.R.
K.P.C.O.F.G.S.
P.M.A.T.
22
What two organelles provide the cell with energy?
mitochondria and chloroplasts
cell membrane and cell wall
nucleus and ribosomes
mitochondria and ribosomes
23
What is an advantage of using transgenic bacteria to produce human proteins?
transgenic bacteria produce human proteins in large amounts
transgenic bacteria produce human proteins to make plastics
human proteins produced by transgenic bacteria last longer
human proteins produced by transgenic bacteria work better
24
Which of the following is NOT correct?
DNA has 2 strands; RNA has 1
DNA's sugar is deoxyribose; RNA's sugar is ribose
DNA contains thymine instead of uracil
RNA contains thymine instead of uracil
25
What scientists established the structure of DNA?
Schwann and Schleiden
Hooke
Chargaff
Watson and Crick
26
Which of the following is a characteristic of a cell membrane?
found only in plant cells
rigid
flexible
made of cellulose (tough fibers)
27
The elements or compounds being formed in a reaction are known as what?
products
finishers
reactants
catalysts
28
What is an organ system?
group of similar cells that preform a particular function
basic unit of all forms of life
group of organs that work together to perform a similar job
group of tissues; work together to perform similar functions
29
During which phase do chromosomes line up along the middle of a dividing cell?
metaphase
anaphase
interphase
prophase
30
If the pH is below 7 for a substance is it acidic/basic? If it is above 7 is it acidic/basic?
neutral; basic
basic; acidic
acidic; basic
acidic; neutral
31
If an organism's diploid number is 12, its haploid number is what?
12
24
3
6
32
Which type of RNA functions as the blue print of the genetic code?
rRNA
mRNA
snRNA
tRNA
33
Which is NOT an example of selective breeding?
allowing only the best milk-producing cows to reproduce
mating cats with long hair with cats that have long tails
allowing dogs to mate only once a year
disease resistant plants crossed with high yielding plants
34
If carbon dioxide were completely removed from a plant's environment would it produce sugars?
no
yes
35
Draw the structure of a DNA molecule
...
...
36
What would happen to an animal cell placed in fresh water?
only plant cells are placed in fresh water
water will move in and out in equal concentrations
lose water and and shrink
take in water and burst
37
Which of the following is not a characteristic of eukaryotes?
membrane bound organelles
more complex
large
no nucleus
38
How many ATP are produced from 1 molecule of glucose during cellular respiration?
36-38 ATP
2 ATP
21-23 ATP
1 ATP
39
In the presence of oxygen, what is glycolysis immediately followed by?
the Calvin cycle
lactic acid fermentation
alcoholic fermentation
the Krebs cycle
40
What does this figure show?
DNA sequencing
a restriction enzyme producing a DNA fragment
gel electrophoresis
polymerase chain reaction
41
Which type of cells have the ability to be specialized?
bacteria
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
yeasts
42
What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
metaphase
interphase
telophase
prophase
43
When there are equal concentrations on either side of the membrane what type of solution is it?
isotonic
hypertonic
hypotonic
saturated solution
44
The products of photosynthesis are the _________ of cellular respiration.
catalysts
starters
products
reactants
45
What is a granum?
saclike photosynthetic membrane found in chloroplasts
organelle in plants where photosynthesis takes place
region outside the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts
stack of thylakoids where light dependent reactions happen
46
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
glucose + oxygen + sunlight = water + carbon dioxide + ATP
glucose + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide + ATP
water + carbon dioxide + ATP = glucose + oxygen
glucose + oxygen + water = carbon dioxide + ATP
47
What type of particle transport requires an input of energy from the cell?
diffusion
osmosis
passive transport
active transport
48
What is the ultimate source of genetic variability?
mutations
radiation
hybridization
inbreeding
49
What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started?
catalysts energy
activation energy
kinetic energy
equilibrium energy
50
What molecule is produced during transcription?
RNA molecules
proteins
DNA molecules
RNA polymerase
51
DNA replication results in 2 DNA molecules, describe the 2 molecules in terms of the strands.
semi-conservative
dispersive
parallel
conservative
52
The crossing of a lion and a tiger to produce a liger is an example of
genetic engineering
hybridization
transformation
inbreeding
53
Which of the following is NOT a frameshift mutation?
substitution of one or more nucleotides
deletion of one or more nucleotides
insertion of one or more nucleotides
translocation of one or more nucleotides
54
Of the 3 stages of cellular respiration, which takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell?
Krebs cycle
glycolysis
electron transport chain
Calvin cycle
55
What are the channels/pumps located in the cell membrane made of?
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
56
The elements or compounds going into a reaction are known as what?
reactants
beginners
products
starters
57
DNA is copied in a process called?
polymerase
transcription
replication
translation
58
What are ALL the products of glycolysis?
2 ATP, NADH, and pyruvic acid
2 ADP, NADH, and pyruvic acid
2 ATP, NADPH, and pyruvic acid
2 ADP, NAPDH, and pyruvic acid
59
What is the water classified as in salt water?
solution
solvent
solute
catalyst
60
What are the reactants in the equation fro cellular respiration?
glucose and oxygen
carbon dioxide, water, and energy
glucose and carbon dioxide
energy and oxygen
61
How many bases are needed to specify 4 amino acids?
3 bases
9 bases
12 bases
15 bases
62
What is the study of life?
paleontology
biology
geology
meteorology
63
What is a solution?
evenly distributed mixture of two or more substances
substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution
a mixture of water and oil
mixture of water and nondissolved material
64
Genes contain instructions for assembling _____________.
DNA
carbohydrates
puzzles
proteins
65
When a body/cell maintains stability with its internal environment with external changes.
diffusion
pH changes
homeostasis
apoptosis
66
A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as
recombinant DNA
a mutant
a polyploid
a hybrid
67
Variation in human skin color is an example of a _______________trait.
codominance
incomplete dominance
polygenic
multiple alleles
68
During mitosis, a parent cell has 4 chromosome. How many chromosomes are in a daughter cell?
12
2
8
4
69
What are the products of photosynthesis?
water and glucose
oxygen and glucose
carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight
carbon dioxide and glucose
70
What type of organism has a cell wall?
humans
plants
fish
animals
71
Which of the following is a function of gel electrophoresis?
extract DNA
separate DNA fragments
cut DNA
recombine DNA
72
A mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides is called a ______________________.
inversion
translocation
chromosomal mutation
point mutation
73
What is an example of a prokaryote?
fungi
yeasts
bacteria
animals
74
When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?
mitosis
cytokinesis
S phase
interphase
75
Which of the following is not a function of the cell membrane?
flexible boundary
"gate keeper"
rigid added structure for support
allows the passage of certain things
76
Which is MOST likely to bring together two recessive alleles for a genetic defect?
hybridization
genetic engineering
transformation
inbreeding
77
Which of the following is the path of a protein through the cell:
Proteins stay in the cell
Golgi Body, Rough E.R., Vesicle
Rough E.R., Golgi Body, Vesicle
Vesicle, Golgi Body, Rough E.R.
78
What is a catalyst?
used up in a chemical reaction
accelerates the rate of a reaction
increases the activation energy
decelerates the rate of a reaction
79
Which structure is found in a plant cell and an animal cell
mitochondria
cell wall
chloroplasts
central vacuole
80
With water being polar, what are the respective charges on each of the elements?
oxygen is slightly negative; hydrogen is slightly positive
oxygen has positive charge and hydrogen has negative charge
there are no charges in a water molecule
oxygen is slightly positive; hydrogen is slightly negative
81
Which of the following is FALSE?
Carbohydrate monomers are monosaccharide
Protein monomers are amino acids
Lipids monomer are fats
Nucleic acid monomers are nucleotides
82
What is the difference between cytokinesis in a plant and animal cell?
plants have a cell plate and animals have a cleavage furrow
plant cells do not undergo cytokinesis
plants have a cleavage furrow and animals have a cell plate
animal cells do not undergo cytokinesis
83
A substance that tends to prevent great fluctuations in pH is a ____________.
basic
acidic
biology
buffer
84
Heterozygous tall plant is crossed with a short plant. What percentage will be tall?
25%
100%
75%
50%
85
Photosynthesis releases energy from glucose.
False
True
86
Who was one of the first people to see and identify cork cells?
Hooke
Virchow
Schwann
Schleiden
87
How many allele combinations are there when given the genotype RrYY?
1
3
4
2
88
What is not part of the cell theory?
All things are composed of living cells
energy cannot be created or destroyed
cells can only come from pre-existing cells
cells are the basic unit of structure and function
89
What enzyme adds nucleotides to exposed DNA template AND proofreads what is being carried in?
Telomerase
DNA polymerase
Helicase
RNA polymerase
90
Why is it possible for an amino acid to be specified by more than one type of codon?
there are 4 bases that can make 64 amino acids
there are 4 bases that can make 20 amino acids
there are 4 bases that can make 64 possible codons
there are 4 bases that can make 20 amino acids
91
Does this picture show crossing over?
no
yes
92
Which of the following is the correct order of the phases of mitosis?
prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
interphase,prophase,metaphase,anaphase,telophase,cytokinesis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
telophase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase
93
Enzymes are biological _____________.
organisms
cells
membranes
catalysts
94
What is the correct order of the stages of cellular respiration?
glycolysis, electron transport chain, Krebs cycle
electron transport chain, Krebs cycle, glycolysis
glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain
Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport chain
95
A DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a complimentary strand with what bases?
GATCCA
GAUCCA
TCGAAC
AGCTTG
