Lectures 20-22

_____'s pioneering efforts in intelligence testing left several importantlegacies

The desire to evaluate one’s own behavior, abilities,expertise, and opinions by comparing them to those of others.

Immersion– Children are quickly immersed inEnglish

Intelligence test that measures 'ability tointegrate stimuli simultaneously and to use step-by-step thinking

______ ______ proposed a child’s view of friendship passes through three distinct stages

From Piaget’s perspective, the preschooler thinks preoperationally. (This type of thinking is largely egocentric)

Stage 1:

A major educational phenomenon in which students are taught by their parents in their own homes

The effectiveness of their self-control may grow as their linguistic capabilities ______.

During middle childhood...

Children during middle school are shifting focus from ____ characteristics to _____, psychological traits

Assigning a mental age to students provides an indication ofwhether they are performing at the same level as their peers

A test that consists of a series of items that vary accordingto the age of the person being tested

The use of strategies for solving social conflicts in ways that are satisfactory both to oneself and to others

Todays schools...

Stage 2:

Intelligence tests used frequently in schoolsettings today are based on the idea that intelligence is a single factor.

Success in industry- vs-inferiority stage

Popular children are high in social competence

The phenomenon whereby an educator’s expectations for a given child actually bring about the expected behavior

Intellectual disability with IQ scores from around 35 or 40 to 50 or 55

Learning in one’s native tongue is associated with ____ self-esteem in minority students.

Most experts in area of IQ were fully convinced by The Bell Curve contention

An individual’s overall and specific positive and negative self-evaluation

Difficulties in industry- vs-inferiority stage

The provision of special programs that allow gifted students to move ahead at their own pace

Most cases of _____ disability are classified as familial______ disability, in which no cause is apparent.

_____ females than males receive formal education, a discrepancy found at every level of schooling.

The stages of memory are...

Today IQ is viewed as product of complex nature andnurture interaction

Children from similar middle-class backgrounds, whether African American or White, tend to have similar IQ scores

Approach through which students are kept at grade level but are enrolled in special programs

Education when the goal is to help students fromminority cultures develop competence inthe culture of the majority group

Bilingualism: The ability to speak two languages

The understanding that is derived fromhow others act, think, feel, and view the world.

___ suggested that when objective measures of ability are lacking,people turn to social reality to evaluate themselves.

Acquired knowledge: Increases with age

Intelligence has 3 aspects of information processing: Componential element,the experiential element,& contextual element

The process by which information is initially recorded, stored, and retrieved

American society is comprised of diverse, coequal cultures that should preserve their individual features

________ thought involves applying logical thinking to concrete problems, including reversibility.

Intellectual disability with IQ scores below 20 to 25

Metalinguistic awareness: An understanding of one’s own use of language

Stage 3:

Popular children

The capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and useresources effectively when faced with challenges.

Some educators argue that reading is taught most successfully by using a _______ approach.

Theory predicts certain intergroup behaviors on status, legitimacy,and permeability of the intergroup environment

Independently run public schools that are authorized by state and local municipalities

Programs– Teach children a set of socialskills that underlie generalsocial competence

Most people consideremotional intelligence worthyof nurturance.

Differences in self-esteem among membersof different ethnic groups have narrowed.

Emotional intelligence training: help people to manage their emotionseffectively.

Intellectual disability with IQ scores in the range of 50 or 55 to 70

Supports practice of children actively participating in their educational experiences

The ability to deal with novel problems

Intellectual disability with IQ scores that range from around 20 or 25 to 35 or 40

_____ was quite successful in describing cognitive development; stimulated research

An understanding about the processes that underlie memory that emerges and improves during middle childhood

Average 15point IQ difference between Whitesand African Americans is due primarily toheredity rather than to environment

Funds siphoned from traditional public schools; fewer resources for students in these schools.

Binet developed a procedure of linking each intelligence test score with a________ ____

Current consensus• A growing body of data suggests thatcode-based approaches are superior

Flexibility &targeted instruction. Standardized test scores &college acceptance rates match public school educated peers

Bilingual students often have greater metalinguistic awareness

A test for children that provides separate measures ofverbal and performance (nonverbal) skills, as well as atotal score

Decentering: The ability to take multiple aspects of a situation into account

Children may use “self-talk” to help regulate their own behavior.

The set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions

Unpopular children

Approximately __ __ __ percent of the school-age populationis considered to be intellectually disabled

Teacher expectations do not influence their behavior toward children

According to proponents of____ approaches to reading, should be taught by presenting basic skills that underlie reading.

Learn to read through exposure to complete writing sentences, stories, charts, &other examples of actual uses of writing

Original cultural identity is maintained whileintegration into majority culture occurs

Children who receive training may interact more with theirpeers & hold more conversations, develop higher self-esteem.

Suggests that we have eight distinct, independent intelligences; act in tandem, depending on activity

Preoperational children lack the ability to use operations (organized, formal, logical mental processes).