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Dement and Kleitman (Sleep and Dreams)
Dement and Kleitman (Sleep and Dreams)
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Dement and Kleitman (Sleep and Dreaming) AICE Psychology 9990
Flashcards
30 cards
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Practice quiz
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Host live
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Questions
30
Answers
1
Which of the following was
not
a control used in this experiment:
telling the P's to drink no caffeine or alcohol
awaking P's using a loud knocking sound
having P's sleep in a dark quiet room
telling the P's to follow their normal diet
2
In
study 1,
P's described dreams _______ when awakened in REM but ______ when awakened in n-REM
never, often
rarely; never
often, never
often; rarely
3
What is the overall aim?
to investigate dreaming and emotions
to investigate eye movement and heart rate
to investigate eye movement and breathing
investigate eye movement and dreaming
4
The third
specific
aim was to test whether _____________ are related to _________________.
REM dreams; n-REM dreams
dream contents; real experiences
duration of REM stages; dream content
eye movements; dream content
5
The experimental design of this study was:
independent measures design
matched pairs design
repeated measures design
6
Which of the following is an example of the standardized procedure of this study
giving the P's a sleeping pill to make each sleep
randomizing the wake up pattern
using a doorbell sound to wake up all P's
telling each P whether he/she was woken in nREM or REM
7
The fact that each P goes through the same sleep cycles in the same order supports
nurture
neither
both
nature
8
The second
specific
aim was to test whether there was a correlation between
Times awakened & length of next REM cycle
P's estimates of dream duration & actual REM duration
a correlation btwn dream content & length of dream
sleeping and number of dreams
9
Which of the following is
not
a strength of this study
No deception occurred
use of objective scientific machinery
high levels of control
standardized procedure
10
Which of the following research methods was
not
used in this study
correlation
laboratory experiment
natural experiment (carried out in a lab)
field experiment
11
The first
specific
aim was to test whether:
there was an association between REM and dream recall
sleep walkers sleep walk during REM only
participants actually experienced REM
there was an association between REM & brain function
12
This study provides evidence to support:
neither
nature
nurture
both
13
EEG stands for
electroenhancementgram
electricelephantgram
electroencephalogram
elementalecephriticalgraph
14
Which of the following reflects the data when awoken
during REM?
102 dream recalls; 75 no recalls
39 dream recalls; 152 no recalls
75 dream recalls; 102 no recalls
152 dream recalls; 39 no recalls
15
Different dream content between P's supports
Nature
Both
Nurture
Neither
16
True or false: The tasks in this study lack
mundane realism
True
False
17
To measure physiological function, electrodes were placed
on the P's scalp and eyes
on the P's scalp and chest
on the P's chest and eyes
on the P's scalp only
18
Which of the following represents the most
objective
method to measure dreaming?
measure P's brain activity during dreaming with an EEG
allowing P's to record their content onto paper
allowing P's to describe their dreams to a researcher
allowing P's to narrate dreams into a recorder
19
A possible ethical consideration in this study was that of protection. How was this relevant?
The dreams P's had could be damaging to their well-being
P's put through physical pain when taking electrodes off
P's daily life could suffer due to lack of sleep.
The sleeping pill given to P's caused nausea to a few P's.
20
Which of the following was
not
a Dependent Variable measured in this study?
A narrative of the P's dream
A subjective estimate a P gave of his or her dream length
Whether a dream was reported
The results gathered from the EEG
21
Which of the following represent
qualitative data
gathered in this experiment?
direction of eye movement during REM
length of time the patients spent in REM
stage of sleep measured by the EEG
the dream narrative
22
Which of the following is
not
an example of an IV in this study?
whether the P was in n-REM or REM
direction(s) of eye movement during REM
P's estimates of their dream length
whether the P was woken after 5 or 15 minutes of REM
23
Which of the following reflects the data when P's were woken up
during n-REM?
149 dream recalls; 11 no recalls
67 dream recalls; 98 no recalls
98 dream recalls; 67 no recalls
11 dream recalls; 149 no recalls
24
Which of the following was
not
a conclusion that was supported by this study
dreaming occurs during REM
REM occurs regularly throughout the night
eye movement during REM is simply random response by the CNS
People can estimate the length of their dream
25
The sample consisted of
5 adults tested in depth, 4 for confirmation only
3 children, 6 adults
5 adults, 4 children
4 adults tested in depth, 5 for confirmation only
26
A problem with measuring dreaming is:
R's must rely on P's recollection and explanation of dreams
Dreaming actually only last for seconds during each REM
there is no objective way to tell when P's are dreaming
Nobody ever remembers their dream even when woken from REM
27
For the dream content recording procedure, P's were asked to:
narrate their dream into a recorder
create a dream journal
narrate their dream content to the experimenter in the room
write anything they remembered down into a notepad
28
One
application to everyday life
provided by this study is that
Dream journals allow P's to analyze dreams for symbolism
Explain why some people go through different sleep cycles
EEG monitors could help P's identify sleep disorders
Explains why REM periods get shorter as the night goes on
29
Which of the following is a
weakness
of the study?
low ecological validity
low internal validity
few controls
low reliability
30
To ensure confidentiality (an ethical consideration) participants were referred to by
by first and last initials
a random number given to each P
a pseudonym given to each P prior to the study
a color chosen at random
