You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which

demonstrates an illusory correlation

When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..

are using the availability heuristic

Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...

personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level

A perceptual set implies that...

people often see what they expect to see

The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..

the personal qualities of the residents

According to the medical model...

abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease

If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...

the other boy started it and he was defending himself

The function of sensory memory is to...

hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer

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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review

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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 150

Answers

1
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
morphemes
linguistic heuristics
syntax
phonemes
2
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
predictability
consistency
accuracy of inference
3
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
sympathetic nerves
afferent nerves
efferent nerves
autonomic nerves
4
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
insight learning
latent learning
5
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a self-serving attribution
a contravened stereotype
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a heuristic observation
6
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use a holistic decision model
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the representativeness heuristic
are using the availability heuristic
7
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
surprise
fear
sadness
happiness
8
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
unrealistic demands from family/friends
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
9
A perceptual set implies that...
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
people often see what they expect to see
10
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
time of testing
longitundinal
cross-sectional
sequential
11
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
maladaptive behaviors
the conscious
irrational thoughts
the unconscious
12
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
escape learning
avoidance learning
positive reinforcement
an unconditioned response
13
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
problem-solving theory
None of the Above
wish fulfillment theory
activation-synthesis theory
14
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
gustatory bulbs
sciatic receptors
smell buds
olfactory cilia
15
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the semantic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
attention encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
16
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
state-dependent learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
17
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
job discrimination experienced by the residents
crowded living conditions
poor police protection
the personal qualities of the residents
18
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retroactive interference
pseudoforgetting
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
19
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a compulsion
an obsession
a delusion
a phobia
20
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the observational group
the correlational group
the control group
the experimental group
21
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
correlation coefficients
standard deviation
percentiles
means
22
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
parental investments
social scripts
investment differentiations
display rules
23
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
punishment
24
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a self-report inventory
a deceptive test
a projective test
a behavior rating
25
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological instability
physiological stability
psychological instability
psychological stability
26
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
encephalitis
the cephalopedal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
the proximodistal trend
27
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
food/meat powder
light
tone
salivation
28
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
sensory memories
29
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
absolute threshold
30
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
pressure
conflict
change
frustration
31
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
reinforcement
32
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
33
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
an external attribution
a distinctive attribution
an internal attribution
a situational attribution
34
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
strange situation
shared inhibition
attachment probing
secure-avoidant
35
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
perception
hypnosis
sensation
consciousness
36
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he's just like his father
he always gets in fights
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
37
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous wakefulness
remain in continuous sleep
become fearful/cautious
become aggressive
38
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
positive reinforcement
superstitious behavior
observational learning
classical conditioning
39
What is somnambulism?
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-walking
difficulty remaining asleep
40
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
total loss of personal control
hallucinations
reduction of inhibitions
resistance to pain
41
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
semantic slanting
fast-mapping
metalinguistic awareness
overextension
42
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
creativity
reasoning
insight
intelligence
43
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
constancy
symmetry
closure
similiarity
44
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
put information into long-term memory
hold information for a lifetime
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
45
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
post-conventional moral reasoning
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
development of secondary sex characteristics
formal operations
46
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
fluid
procedural
crystallized
episodic
47
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
marijuana
mescaline
cocaine
heroin
48
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
opiates
prenatals
teratogens
pathogens
49
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
social charm
excessive guilt
aggressiveness
manipulative behavior
50
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
G. Stanley Hall
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Rene Decartes
51
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
morphemic
phonemic
mnemonic
platonic
52
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
anxiety disorders
bipolar disorder
marital problems
schizophrenia
53
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
boat-goat
tree-bird
fill-feed
car-nose
54
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
hearing a sound
smelling an odor
seeing a flash of light
moving a part of his body
55
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
ablated
modeled
encoded
retrieved
56
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
group differences in basic intelligence
genetic influences on IQ
changes in testing procedures
a variety of environmental factors
57
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mode
median
midpoint
mean
58
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
cyclical
bipolar
dissociative
unipolar
59
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
sebaceous gland
pancreas
60
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
medulla
corpus callosum
61
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
rabbit
rat
loud noise
62
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
abstract operations
systematic hypothesis testing
logical reasoning
physical interaction
63
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
cognitive dissonance
groupthink
conformity
obedience
64
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender behaviors
gender stereotypes
gender roles
gender differences
65
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
behavior is to motive
attitude is to action
66
What is cognitive dissonance?
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
67
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the unconscious
the brain
behavior
conscious experience
68
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
id mechanisms
offense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
defense mechanisms
69
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
evolutionary theory
instinct theory
drive theory
70
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
action potentials
agonists
antagonists
71
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in extraversion
low in openness
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
72
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
personality; standardized
intelligence; personality
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; standardized
73
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
not been dreaming
been dreaming
not really been asleep
74
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
step-wise conditioning
shaping
stimulus discrimination
selection
75
The superego is Freud's term for...
the conscious aspect of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the moral component of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
76
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
displacement
regression
fixation
compensation
77
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
long-term
intermediate-term
sensory
short-term
78
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
before autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
79
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
cornea
lens
iris
vitreous humor
80
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
lesioning
ESB
stereotaxic inversion
tumor ligation
81
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
avoidance therapy
psychotherapy
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
82
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
timbre
pitch
loudness
decibels
83
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
fear the dark
sing a song
tie shoe laces
print letters
84
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
schematizing
cognitive structuring
cultural direction
stereotypes
85
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the confirmation bias
86
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
extinction
spontaneous remission
unconditioning
conditioned forgetting
87
Framing refers to...
presenting only part of the information required
presenting irrelevant information
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
88
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
spatial
mechanical
musical
89
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
color
brightness
saturation
light purity
90
Anhedonia is when a person...
experiences mild manic states
has two different psychological disorders
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
has trouble getting along with people
91
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
limbic system
endocrine system
leftbrain/right brain communication
92
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
transduction capacity
the relative threshold period
93
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
narcolepsy
insomnia
sleep apnea
pseudoinsomnia
94
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete storage failure
complete retrieval failure
partial storage
partial retrieval
95
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
cerebellum
reticular formation
limbic system
brainstem
96
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
the internal state causes the facial expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
97
An antagonist...
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
98
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
content validity
standardized validity
criterion-related validity
predictive validity
99
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the reciprocity norm
the law of cognitive dissonance
display rules
the principle of collectivism
100
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
101
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
reversibility
egocentrism
centration
conservation
102
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
temperament
attachment
behavioral quality
personality
103
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
stirrup
cochlea
oval window
104
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
105
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
obsessions
delusions
hallucinations
illusions
106
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
basis for performing pro-social behavior
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
halo effect in aggression
107
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
a risk-aversion conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
108
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
thalamus
parietal lobe
pineal gland
corpus callosum
109
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a hallucinogen
an amphetamine
a sedative
a narcotic
110
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
sedatives
cannabis
narcotics
alcohol
111
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test levels
test norms
test scores
test scales
112
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
conventional
concrete
postconventional
preconventional
113
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thalamus
thyroid
pituitary
gonads
114
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Sperry's area
Cannon's area
115
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
mental age
IQ
a percentile score
a potential score
116
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
electrographic tomography
positron emission tomography
computerized tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
117
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
schema
script
chunk
semantic network
118
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an aptitude test
a personality test
an intelligence test
an achievement test
119
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-to-top processing
top-down processing
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
120
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
gamma
delta
beta
alpha
121
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
neodynamism
behaviorism
functionalism
psychoanalysis
122
A valid test is one that...
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
123
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
thalamus
cortex
spinal cord
location of injury
124
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
absolute
construct
criterion-related
content
125
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
conjunction heuristic
law of small numbers
availability heuristic
representativeness heuristic
126
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
humanistic
cognitive
behavioral
psychoanalytic
127
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were put into a simulated prison
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
128
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring dissent from group members
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
129
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 1
REM
stage 2
stage 4
130
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
conditioned emotional reactions
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
131
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
neurogenic amnesia
repression
suppression
avoidance
132
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
exposure to light
amount of time alseep
amount of time awake
cultural practices
133
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
acetylcholine
serotonin
endorphin
dopamine
134
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
135
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
direct observation
physiological recordings
psychological tests
questionnaires
136
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
subliminal perception
a just noticeable difference
a superimposed stimulus
a false alarm
137
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
anxiety
schizophrenic
personality
mood
138
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
collectivism
functionalism
attributionism
individualism
139
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
reiteration
relearning
recall
recognition
140
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a developmental psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a social psychologist
141
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
oral
latency
anal
genital
142
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
cognition
mentalism
intelligence
143
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
medulla
occipital cortex
prefrontal cortex
hypothalamus
144
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
I eated a cookie
cookie
i wanted a cookie
give cookie
145
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the autonomic nervous system
the endocrine system
memory
feeding
146
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
perception
processing
attention
sensation
147
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
conversion disorder
fugue
148
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
149
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
deindividuation
social loafing
group polarization
conformity
150
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
self-serving bias
attributions
prejudices
stereotypes

Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud