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APES Exam Review Ch 22-24 Flashcards | StudBud
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APES Exam Review Ch 22-24
APES Exam Review Ch 22-24
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1
The wealth of nations can be divided into which three main components?
natural capital, raw materials, and human resources
human capital, natural capital and societal capital
produced assets, natural capital, and human resources
cash, stocks, and bonds
2
Common denominators of sustainable cities are
well maintained roads, abundant parkland
good access for automobiles, bicycle paths
attractive architecture, abundant green space
high population density, mixed use development
3
Environmental impact analysis became common in the U.S. following passage of the
National Environmental Policy Act
Environmental Quality Act
Earth Summit
National Wilderness Preservation Act
4
Which of the following is NOT an effect of urbanization on natural hydrologic systems?
increased precipitation
decreased infiltration
decreased runoff
contamination of runoff
5
Which statement is true?
internalizing environmental externalities is impossible
most technologies began in Japan
overexploitation and pollution occur mostly in "commons"
command economies are more efficient than market economies
6
At which stage of the policy life cycle is the problem of urban sprawl?
formulation
recognition
control
implementation
7
Over the past 50 years, the principal influence on urban planning has been
planning for the provision of green space in cities
accommodation of an automobile-based lifestyle
segregation of residential, commercial and industrial areas
larger, more comfortable homes
8
World oil consumption doubled between 1960 and 1970 because
the number of passengers per car increased
the number of cars increased
people drove less and conserved gasoline
the price of gasoline increased
9
What are the two main types of economic systems in the world today?
developing and developed
centrally planned and free market
top down and bottom up
industrialized and agricultural
10
Which is NOT an international environmental agreement?
Kyoto Protocol
Law of the Sea Treaty
Agenda 21
Tragedy of the Commons
11
The principle that a profit now is worth more than a profit in the future is known as
tragedy of the commons
the discount factor
externalities
indirect costs
12
In an analysis of the total costs of developing a coal mine, which would be an externality?
cost of diesel to run the machinery
damage from acid rain downwind
cost of treating and disposing of mine tailings
the market price of coal
13
In the language of economics, an external cost is
the cost to a business of using an outside supplier
costs arising from the natural environment
those that were neglected in the original analysis
an effect not included in calculations of profit and loss
14
Wildlife species that adapt to urban settings tend to have the following characteristics EXCEPT
thick exterior insulation to resist cold and wet conditions
short average life span
generalists in their food choices
capable of eating food that humans eat
15
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of poor environmental management?
loss of biodiversity
water pollution
increased government control
air pollution
16
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of cities with high livability?
high heterogeneity of residences and businesses
high population density
high proportion of land associated with automobiles
high degree of mobility by foot, bicycle and mass transit
17
What is the probable solution to raising the standard of living in underdeveloped countries?
increased foreign aid
debt-for-nature swaps
debt cancellation
investments and loans to produce a healthy local economy
18
A policy that rewards a company financially for reducing the amount of waste produced is
an economic incentive
globalization
a tax
economic growth
19
Benefit-cost analysis compares the
merits of one project with those of another
estimated costs of a project with the expected revenues
estimated costs of a project with the benefits achieved
tangible with the intangible costs of a project
20
Compared with soils in rural areas, urban soils are
dark, hard and sterile
compacted, impervious and lacking in organic matter
sandy, infertile and loose
sandy, salty and loose
21
All of the following are aesthetic criteria EXCEPT
vividness
potential for development
variety
unity
22
"Urban blight" refers to
gradual spread of population to suburbia
declining tax base and resulting poor social services
reduced social services in urban centers
high proportion of abandoned properties
23
Which of the following would have the biggest impact on achieving global sustainability?
using fuel efficient vehicles
recycling aluminum cans
reducing human population size
replanting deforested areas
24
Which of the following is true about the 1992 Earth Summit?
agreed to discontinue forest destruction in the south
it produced a number of hard laws that should make an impact
commits participants to pursue sustainable development
forces developed countries to assist developing countries
25
One problem commonly associated with one sewer system handling both sewage and stormwater is
during rainstorms, sewage can be dumped into rivers
sewers emit pollutants that contribute to air pollution
during drought, there isn't enough water to transport sewage
heavy snow cannot be removed
26
It is difficult to achieve global sustainability because
globalization is increasing
international agreements are nonbinding
it is an unrealistic goal
governments do not always agree on how to solve problems
27
Human resources can be divided into three elements. What are they?
human capital, social capital and knowledge assets
the rich, the poor and the middle class
natural capital, raw materials and human resources
young people, middle-aged people and elderly people
28
Paving of large areas affects the natural hydrologic cycle by
trapping natural nutrients
delaying the time it takes for water to reach streams
increasing infiltration into groundwater
increasing and speeding up storm runoff
29
Which method has been most effective in getting countries to comply w/environmental agreements?
embargoes
military action
taxes
saving public image
30
The principle adverse environmental impacts of urban sprawl include
increased commuting time
more habitat destruction, energy consumption & pollution
competition for land
loss of agricultural land
