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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
evolutionary
biological
psychodynamic
humanistic
2
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
short-term memory
long-term memory
procedural memory
sensory memory
3
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
4
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
5
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebral cortex
sensory cortex
cerebellum
medulla
6
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
7
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
MRI
EEG
PET
rTMS
8
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
IQ test
achievement test
EQ test
aptitude test
9
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
make new friends
10
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cornea
rods
optic nerve
cones
11
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
12
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
instrumental learning
13
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
range
median
mean
standard deviation
14
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
universal ethical principles
conservation
object permanence
attachment
15
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
increasing group polarization within different groups
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
16
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
observational learning
latent learning
counterconditioning
17
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
add : decrease
remove : punish
remove : increase
18
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
behavioral
cognitive
pharmacological
structuralist
19
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
overconfidence
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
20
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
21
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
mere-exposure effect
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
deindividuation
22
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed variable
fixed ratio
continuous
variable interval
23
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
postconventional
approach-avoidance
theory Y
24
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
achievement
standardized
projective
triarchic
25
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
26
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
serotonin system
27
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
have been exposed to good, moral role models
28
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
difference threshold
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
29
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
traits, the environment, and behavior
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
30
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
primary drives
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
need for achievement
31
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
movement and electrical shocks
32
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
role theory and dissociation theory
conscious level and non conscious level
manifest content and latent content
33
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
34
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
35
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
mean
median
range
standard deviation
36
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
unconditioned response
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
37
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
accommodation
habituation
assimilation
38
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
aptitude intelligence
crystallized intelligence
multiple intelligences
fluid intelligence
39
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
touch
sight
smell
40
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
grapheme
morpheme
phoneme
holobase
41
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
placebo effect
size of the group
42
Which is most closely associated with creativity
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
43
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
retroactive memory
recall
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
episodic memory
44
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
major depressive disorder
45
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
schizophrenic
dissociative
anixety
personality
46
An EEG of Lin during dreaming would most likely show
delta waves
beta waves and delta waves
NREM
sleep spindles and k complexes
47
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
fovea
iris
blind spot
48
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
cerebellum
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
49
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
cut with a knife
clap their hands
write with a pencil
50
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
51
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
52
When Wade is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Wade is not late again
modeling
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
53
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
inattentional blindness
confirmation bias
54
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
55
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
divergent thinking
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
belief perseverance
56
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
behavioral
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
57
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
compliance strategies
in-group bias
individualism
self-serving bias
58
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
rooting
Moro
Babinski
stepping
59
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
secure attachment with parents
early gross motor practice
concrete operational exercises
myelination of brain neurons
60
which structure is part of the inner ear
tympanic membrane
auditory canal
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
61
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
extraversion
openness
neuroticism
62
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
63
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Sigmund Freud
64
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
serotonin
acetylcholine
adrenaline
65
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
66
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
token economies
systematic desensitization
REBT
67
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
68
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
just world bias
Barnum effect
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
69
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
mental retardation
fetal alcohol syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
Down syndrome
70
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
difference threshold
frequency theory
71
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
retinal disparity
closure
linear perspective
72
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
puberty
mid 30s
late 40s
early 20s
73
Lou believes he is capable of succeeding in nursing school. His mindset is associated with
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
high self-efficacy
a strong superego
74
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
75
Which is most directly involved speed of the electrical signal?
terminal button
myelin
synaptic cleft
neurotransmiters
76
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
transduction of the wave
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
77
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
oral stage
phallic stage
latency period
78
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
79
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
80
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
81
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
the law of effect
the overjustification effect
social learning theory
82
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
Wernicke's area
83
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
84
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
systematic desensitization
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
rational emotive behavior therapy
85
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
experiment
case study
correlation study
86
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
lithium
L-Dopa
87
What is the purpose of the DSM
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
88
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
James-Lange theory
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
89
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
cognitive psychotherapist
psychoanalyst
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
90
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
feature detectors
optic nerve
optic chiasm
91
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
repressed memories
archetypes
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes
92
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
social
situational
behavioral
93
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
semantic encoding
long-term potentiation
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
94
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
psychometrics
positive psychology
social psychology
95
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
humanist
social-cognitive
trait
psychoanalyst
96
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
split-half reliability
test-retest reliability
predictive validity
97
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
antisocial personality disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
98
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
99
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
parenting styles
100
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
humanistic
psychoanalytic
trait
biological
101
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
construct validity
aptitude measures
standardization
test-retest reliability
102
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
cross-sectional study
developmental study
social-cognitive study
longitudinal study
103
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
balance
sight
touch
hearing
104
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
105
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
reduce : stereotypes
assimilate : accomodate
106
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
107
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
projection
displacement
reaction formation
108
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
psychoanalytic
cognitive
humanistic
109
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
antagonists
dissociation
tolerance
activation-synthesis
110
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
111
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
modeling
sublimation
mirror neurons
latent learning
112
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
partial
secondary
primary
continuous
113
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
114
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
parenting style
hormones released in the womb
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
115
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
116
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
behavior shaping
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
token economy
117
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
118
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
119
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
motor development
parenting style
attachment
120
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
fundamental
situational
internal
121
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
specific changes in the brain
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
122
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
123
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
major depressive disorder
bipolar disorder
124
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
sleep apnea and night terrors
heightened manifest dream content
interference with memory tasks
125
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
group polarization
superordinate goals
diffusion of responsibility
deindividuation
126
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
descriptive statistics
counterbalancing
standard deviation
inferential statistics
127
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
normally distributed
modes
outliers
128
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
biomedical interventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
secondary preventions
129
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
temperament
environment
culture
family
130
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
personalities
daily activities
circadian rhythm
sleep cycles
131
The WISC is a...
none of these
Personality inventory
personality test
Intelligence test
132
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
assignment to conditions
random assignment
representative assignment
133
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
134
which is an example of an implicit memory
recognizing a celebrity
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
describing the taste of a birthday cake
135
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
amygdala
medulla
cerebellum
136
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
hormones jump from one axon to the next
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
137
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
138
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
prefrontal lobotomy
gestalt therapy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
free association
139
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
140
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
reciprocity norm
fundamental attribution error
141
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
disinhibition
social roles
conformity
social facilitation
142
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
autism
Alzheimer's disease
143
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
social cognitive theroy
biological theory
trait theory
psychodynamic theory
144
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
group polarization
groupthink
deindividuation
145
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
146
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
linguistic relativity hypothesis
principle of continuity
the social role hypothesis
gender schema theory
147
the limbic system plays an important role in
processing sensory information
planning for the future
regulating emotion
maintaining balance
148
In people, rods, unlike cones,
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are unable to detect motion
respond more quickly to colors
are located in the center of the retina
149
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
proactive interference
brain injury
relearning effect
leading questions
150
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
151
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
152
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
153
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
sound localization
sensory adaptation
154
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
155
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
frequency theory
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
gate-control theory
156
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
well below the average of 200
157
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
superordinate goals
stereotyping
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
158
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
cognitive
psychodynamic
evolutionary
159
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
160
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
secondary central dispositions
factor analysis
unconditional positive regard
defense mechanisms
161
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
162
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
linguistic relativity hypothesis
language acquisition device
serial position effect
phonemes and morphemes
163
What number will tell that two variables have a strong relationship?
a mean that is the same as the median
standard deviation
correlation coeifficient
probability