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Chapter 17: Function of the Heart Flashcards | StudBud
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Chapter 17: Function of the Heart
Chapter 17: Function of the Heart
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The Human Body in Health and Illness, 7th Edition
Flashcards
63 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Which of the following is responsible for Starling effect?
End=diastolic volume (EDV) or preload
Vagal discharge
Sympathetic nerve firing
Activation of the beta-adrenergic receptors
2
Increased afterload (e,g., hypertension)
increases the work of the heart
is usually caused by arteriolar dilation
is usually caused by intense parasympathetic (vagal) discharge
can only occur when preload increases
3
Which of the following is the most likely consequence of acute left ventricular failure?
pulmonary edema
pedal edema
jugular vein disstention
hepatomegaly
4
Which of the following are most likely to increaser stroke volume?
A bete-adrenergic drug
A (-) chronotropic drug
A vagolytic drug
A (+) inotropic drug
5
Furosemide (Lasix), a potent diuretic, is administered in acute ventricular failue
excrete excess water and relieve edema
relieve pain
increase plasma K+ levels
strength myocardial contractile force
6
Systole and diastole describe the function of the
SA node
pericardium
myocardium
mediastinum
7
The amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of its resting phase is the
the amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of its resting phase
end-diastolic volume (EDV)
preload
all of the above
8
Starlings law of the heart related force of myocardial contraaction with
preload
end-systolic volume
blood pressure
heart rate
9
Which term refers to the amount of blood pumped bu the ventricle in one beat
cardiac output
stroke volume
blood volume
hematocrit
10
Venodilation
decreases preload
stretches the ventricular myocardium
increases end-diastolic volume
increases afterload
11
Which term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute?
inotropic effect
stroke volume
cardiac output
Starlings law of the heart
12
A stenotic aortic valve
increases afterload thereby increasing the work of the left ventricle
causes a right to left shunt
is a narrowing of the right semilunar valve
causes right ventricular hypertrophy and right sided heart failure
13
Which of the following is the most likely consequence of a very rapid hart rate?
Failure of the cardiac impulse to enter the His=Purkinje system
failure of the AV valves to open
Failure of tha SA node to fire
Decreased ventricular filling (with blood)
14
Milliliters per minute describes
heart rate
cardiac output
stroke volume
pulse
15
An ejection fraction of 30% is
characteristic of a healthy person who is engaged in aerobic excerise
the amount of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood in the left ventricle
normal
characteristic of a failing heart
16
Atropine, a muscarinic blocker,
is also classified as sympathjomimetic
causes bradycardia
is vagomimetic
increase heart rate
17
Which of the following contains 70ml?
the amount of blood that flows through pulmonary capillaries in one minute
the volume of the ventricle
the cardia output
the average stroke volume
18
Activation of the muscarinic receptors by acetylcholine...
increases myocardial contractile force
increases cardiac output
slows heart rate
causes a (+) chronotropic effect
19
Which of the following drugs is sympathomimetic?
vagolytic
beta-adrenergic agonist
muscarinic agonist
Beta-adrenergic blocker
20
A pt. in heart failure is given a drug that is classified as a beta-adrenergic agonist. The drug
blocks the beta-adrenergic receptor and causes a -chronotropic and-inotropi
activated the vagus nerve slowing heart rate and strengthening myocardial
activates the beta-adrenergic receptors and causes brochoconstriction
activates the beta-adrenergic receptors and causes a + inotropic effect
21
Which of the following statements is correct about cardiac output?
Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves decrease output
Cardiac output is determined by the heart rate and pulse
cardiac output is determined by heart rate and stroke volume
vagal discharge increases cardiac output
22
Which of the following does not happen to a ventricle?
Discharge of the sympathetic nerves
Actavation of the beta-adrenergic receptors
Discharge of the vagal nerve
Binding of norepinephrine to its receptor
23
Which of the following most accurately describes the vagus nerve?
parasympathetic
fight or flight
norepinephrine
Causes tachycardia
24
Under what condition is EDV most likely to increase while ejection fraction decreases?
excersise
+ inotropic response
sympathetic nerve stimulation
heart failure
25
Which of the following are the same as end diastolic volume?
cardiac output
preload
stroke volume
cardiac reserve
26
A change in preload causes a change in myocardial contractile force. This response is known as
- chronotropic effect
+ intropic effect
+ dromotropic effect
Starlings law of the heart
27
Ventricular systole refers to
contraction of the ventricular myocardium
ventricular filling
the opening of the valves of the ventricles
ventricular depolarization
28
Which of the following is least related to a bradycardia?
- chronotropic effect
more than 60 BPM
parasympathetic nerve stimilation of the SA node
vagal discharge
29
During atrial systole the...
AV valves are closed
ventricles are relaxed
ventricles are in systole
semilunar valves are ope
30
Which is the term that refers to an increase in stroke volume in response to the stretching of the heart?
a positive inotropic effect
heart block
angina pectoris
Starlings law of the heart
31
Heart rate and stroke volume determine...
carciac output
total blood volume
the size of the heart valves
hematocrit
32
Excess vagal stimulation to the SA node is most likely to cause...
anemia
hypertension
tachycardia
bradycardia
33
Most of the symptoms of acute left side heart failure are
cured by antibiotic
relived by morphine
confined to the lower extremities as in pedal edema
respiratory in nature(e,g., dyspnea orthopnea)
34
A drug causes a + inotropic effect, a -dromotropic effect, and a -chronotropic effect. what response would u expect
ankle edema
low blood pressure
slow heart rate
tachycardia
35
Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist and is therefore used to
relieve bradycardia
decrease heart rate
increase myocardial contractile force
block the effects of norepinephrine
36
Digoxin, a drug used in the treatment of heart failure, increases contractile force and therefore called a
+dromotropic agent
+inotropic agent
+chromotropic agent
diruretic
37
Jugular vein distention is most associated with
aortic valve stenosis
left wall infarct and left ventricular failure
right sided heart failure
low volume shock right sided heart failure
38
What happens during ventricular diastole
Both AV valves are closed
The ventricles are filling with blood
All semilunar valves are opem
Blood is pumped to lungs and systemic circulation
39
An increase in venous return causes an increase in cardiac output. This is accomplished by
depolarization
a + chronotropic effect
a + inotropic effect
Starlings law of the heart
40
Which of the following is least likely to increase cardiac output?
increased venous return
increased heart rate
increased stroke volume
vagal discharge
41
An elevation in pulmonary artery pressure is most likely to cause
rt ventricular hypertrophy
left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema
pleural effusion
pulmonary edema
42
Cardiac output...
decreases in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation
increases in response to vagal discharge
is determined by heart rate and pulse
is determined by heart rate and stroke volume
43
Which of the following is least likely to be used in the treatment of left ventricular failure, pulmonary edema
peripheral vasoconstrictor such as norepinephrine ( Levophed)
+inotropic agent such as digoxin or dopamine
diuretic such as furosemide ( Lasix)
oxygen
44
Which following is descriptive of a drug that causes +inotropic effect a +dromotropic effect and a +chronotropic effec
sympathomimetic
antimuscarinic
vagomimetic
parasympatho;ytic
45
An increased preload
increases stroke volume
decreases cardiac output
increases cardiac reserve
increases afterload
46
Increased return of the blood to the hear stretches the muscle, thereby
closing the AV valves
stimulating the sympathetic nerve
activating the beta-adrenergic receptors
increasing stroke volume
47
Which term refers to a heart rate less than 60 BPM
Tachycardia
fight or flight response
Bradycardia
Heart block
48
Decreased blood flow through the coronary arteries is most likely to cause...
pulmonary edema
bradycardia
valve damage
angina pectoris
49
A drug ( e,g., atropine) that blocks the vagus nerve
stops the heart
increases heart rate
decreases stroke volume
decreases cardiac output
50
Which of the following is most likely to relieve anxiety-induced tachycardia?
Vagolytic drug
Beta-adrenergic agonist
Beta-adrenergic blocker
Sympathomimetic
51
Which of the following refers to a positive inotropic effect?
a rapid heartbeat
an increased myocardial contractile force
a slow heart rate
Heart block
52
Which of the following is an example of forward failure?
blood distends the jugular vein
blood distends the liver causing hepatomegaly
blood accumulates in the pulmonary capillaries
diminished renal blood flow stimulates the kidney to decrease uninaryoutput
53
Milliliter/beat x beats/min defines
stroke volume
cardiac output
ejection fraction
cardiac reserve
54
Sympathetic nerve stimulation of the myocardium...
causes (+) inotropic effect
decreases heart rate
decreases cardiac output
decreases stroke volume
55
Vagal stimulation on the heart...
causes tachycardia
increases the amount of blood that flows into the heart from the vena cava
increase the force of the myocardial contraction
slows heart rate
56
Which of the following is least related to tachydysrhythmias?
vagal discharge
beta-adrenergic receptor activation
+ dromotropic rffect
sympathetic nervous system activation
57
Increased return of blood to the heart stretches the heart muscle thereby
stimulating the vagus nerve
increasing coronary blood flow
increasing stroke volume
closing the atrioventricular valve
58
Which of the following is descriptive of the vagus nerve?
sympathetic
flight or fight
adrenergic
parasympathetic
59
Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and...
systemic vascular resistance
hematocrit
stroke volume
hemoglobin concentration
60
Vagal stimulation to the heart cause...
cardiac outpit to decrease
stroke volume to increase
heart rate to slow
a (+) intropic effect
61
Which of the following is most likely to increase ejection fraction?
Vagal discharge
Blockade of beta adrenergic receptors
Activation of beta-adrenergic receptors
Activation of muscarinic receptors
62
Which is the term for the sequence of events that occur during one heart beat?
cardiac cycle
stroke volume
systole
cardiac output
63
Sympathetic stimulation to the heart
increases heart rate
decrease stroke volume
decreases cardiac output
causes bradycardia
