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WATER - IB ESS Topic 4.1 HL
WATER - IB ESS Topic 4.1 HL
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Unit 4 revisions IB(DP) ESS High Level
Flashcards
63 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
What is the primary cause of ocean acidification?
The absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
The increase in ocean temperatures due to global warming
The release of sulfur dioxide from volcanic eruptions
The dumping of acidic industrial waste into the ocean
2
In North Atlantic part of conveyor belt, surface water sinks down toward the ocean floor after becoming _____and _____.
saltier and colder
sweeter and calmer
saltier and rougher
sweeter and warmer
3
Grey water recycling includes
reuse of laundry water
collecting rainwater for lawn use
reuse of sewage water
agricultural water run-off collection
4
The North Atlantic Conveyor is slowing due to
Greenland ice melt decreases the salinity
Greenland ice melt increasing the salinity
Winds are blowing in the opposit direction
Reduction in Greenland ice melt
5
What is the purpose of "cloud seeding?"
to make it rain
to poison the water
to kill weeds
to plant wheat
6
Water stress is....
caused when there is a water surplus.
caused when people become emotionally upset by poor water supply
caused when there is a water deficit.
caused by heavy rainfall
7
Why is water's high specific heat capacity crucial for life?
Regulates environmental/body temps, maintaining stable conditions
Enables water to dissolve substances, facilitating biological processes
Imrpvoe cohesion/adhesion props, supporting H20 movement
Prevents water bodies from freezing, preserving aquatic habitats
8
What drives thermohaline circulation?
Geothermal activity and volcanic eruptions
Tidal forces and gravitational pull
Wind patterns and the Earth's rotation
Differences in water temperature and salinity
9
Water scarcity,water stress,water shortage and water poor means:
An area receives rain all year round
An area does not have enough water
An area has too much water
An area has enough water
10
If northern glaciers melt, how is thermohaline circulation affected?
Water becomes less salty, preventing sinking
Water becomes more salty and sinks
Water becomes more dense and sinks
Water sinks faster
11
Water Stress definition...
clean, accessible water supply of less than 1,700 m3 per year
clean, accessible water supply of less than 1,700 m3 per year per capita
clean, accessible water supply of less than 170 m3 per year per capita
clean, accessible water supply of less than 17,000 m3 per year per capita
12
What causes oceans' acidification?
Hg
O2
Fossil Fuels
Illegal fishing
13
How does global warming affect ocean stratification?
It increases vertical mixing, distributing oxygen and nutrients evenly
Intensifies stratification, trapping heat at surface limiting circulation
Reduces salinity differences, weakening the separation between water layers
It promotes upwelling, bringing nutrient-rich water to the surface
14
Which of the following statements about upwellings is INCORRECT?
Bring cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface
Are caused by winds or currents pushing surface water away
Occur exclusively in coastal regions
Support large phytoplankton pops, forming base of marine food webs
15
How does water's transparency support aquatic ecosystems?
By facilitating the dissolution of gases, ensuring adequate oxygen supply
By enhancing capillary action, aiding nutrient transport in aquatic plants
By allowing sunlight to penetrate underwater, enabling photosynthesis
By reducing water density, allowing organisms to float easily
16
What is the relationship with the amount of warm water and thermocline?
Less warm water = deeper thermocline
More warm water = shallow thermocline
no relationship
More warm water = deeper thermocline
17
Which of these case studies is an example of a water transfer scheme?
China- south- north
The Indian River Basin
The River Trent
Dartmoor Reservoir
18
How does
long-term sequestration
in seabed sediments contribute to the global carbon cycle?
Regulating salinity, influencing thermohaline circulation patterns
Providing nutrient source for marine organisms, enhancing productivity
Storing carbon in stable form, preventing reentry into atmosphere
By releasing CO2 back into the atmosphere by volcanic activity
19
Which country has the highest water stress?
Canada
India
Russia
Brazil
20
Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with widespread use of desalination?
Need for large pipes and chemicals, which kills marine life
Huge amounts of salty wastewater produced.
All of these options are problems regarding desalination.
High cost due to expensive energy needed for removing salt.
21
Maximum Sustainable Yield
When a certain species of fish are fished too much
A measurement for how big a fish is
The total amount of fish that we can eat
A calculation that shows fishers how much to catch without overfishing
22
What allows small organisms, like insects, to walk on water?
Solvent properties
Cohesion
High specific heat capacity
Adhesion
23
Grey water is....
waste water from people's homes (includes sewage).
waste water from people's homes (doesn't include sewage).
water which is stolen from a pipeline or reservoir
water which has had a colouring agent added to it
24
What is the significance of water being most dense at 4°C?
It increases the solubility of gases in water, supporting aquatic organisms
It facilitates the formation of thermoclines, separating water layers
Enhances H20s ability to act as solvent, facilitating chemical reactions
It allows ice to float, insulating water bodies and protecting aquatic life
25
Culture sometimes cause the controversial harvesting such as.....
Cod fisheries in Iceland
Hunt pilot whale in Faroes Island
Save the whale
26
What country doesn’t have water stress?
Greenland
USA
Australia
Denmark
27
At high latitudes the thermocline is
there is no thermocline at high latitudes
about the same as at low latitudes
narrower than at low latitudes
wider than at low latitudes
28
Which of the following is
NOT
a way carbon is sequestered in the ocean?
Released into the atmosphere via evaporation
Dissolved carbon
In sediments on the ocean floor
In marine organisms
29
Polarity of water =
christ bonds
Polar bonds
Hydrogen bonds
30
The polarity of water molecules
All of the above
Helps water dissolve nonpolar solutes
Promotes the formation of hydrogen bonds
Lowers the heat of vaporization and leads to evaporative cooling
31
How is the thermohaline conveyor belt driven by changes in both temperature and salinity?
It is driven by the amount of species capable surviving.
It is driven by changes in air pressure.
It is driven by the resulting changes in density of water
It is driven by temperature only.
32
Carbon sequestration:
Remove greenhouse gas emitting cars off the road
Using wind energy/less reliance on fossil fuels
Remove already-emitted greenhouse gas from the atmosphere
Lower greenhouse gas emissions from factories
33
In aquatic ecosystems, net primary productivity is related to
whether the water is freshwater or salt water
waves and tides
the speed at which the water moves
available at sunlight and nutrients
34
Law of the Seas:
all oceans are "high seas" with no state control
countries claim territory up to 12 miles
some countries control international waters
countries claim territory up to 200 miles
35
What impact could the melting of ice caps have on thermohaline circulation?
Strengthen conveyor belt by increasing the density of surface water
Accelerate conveyor belt, providing greater volume of water for circulation
Weaken/stop conveyor belt - reducing surface water salinity and density
Have no significant impact as the melting occurs in isolated polar regions
36
Exclusive Economic Zones
50 nautical miles
100 nautical miles
12 nautical miles
200 nautical miles
37
Green water is
rainwater stored in soil moisture
water that is not potable
water stored in lakes and rivers
water with lots of algae
38
Cloud seeding ...
basically makes the storm less efficient by getting less moisture
basically develops storms to help put out fires
Is the greatest thing to ever exist
basically makes the storm more efficient by getting more moisture
39
The thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic
cools Northern Europe
has been stopped
warms Northern Europe
warms Canada
40
The polarity of water molecules
lowers heat of vaporization.
helps water to dissolve nonpolar solutes.
promotes the formation of hydrogen bonds.
leads to evaporative cooling.
41
Lebanon is a high-water stress country
False
True
42
How does the thermohaline circulation system regulate Earth's climate?
By distributing oxygen and nutrients evenly throughout the ocean
By transporting heat from the poles to the tropics
By transferring heat from the tropics to the poles
By moderating the effects of El Niño and La Niña events
43
What is a potential long-term consequence of ocean acidification?
Increased upwelling, bringing nutrient-rich water to the surface
Collapse of marine ecosystems e.g those reliant on calcium carbonate
Expansion of oxygen-depleted zones due to reduced oxygen solubility
Enhanced phytoplankton growth due to increased carbon dioxide availability
44
What is a water footprint?
The amount of freshwater utilized in the production or supply of the goods
The space that would be left on Earth if all of the water was removed
Footprints on the beach
The impact water has on society
45
Acidification of Oceans is caused by...
increased O2 absorption.
lack of O2 absorption.
lack of C02 absorption.
increased CO2 absorption.
46
An Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is best describe as:
A 100- mile border along the coast of a state
Only applies to states which are landlocked
Does NOT apply to seas such as the Mediterranian or Caspian Seas
An area of the sea in which a sovereign state has special rights
47
Which of the following represents carbon sequestration?
Cellular Respiration
Fossil Fuel Combustion
Photosynthesis
Animal Agriculture
48
These are not Planet Boundaries
Economic Policies
Novel entities
Ocean Acidification
Biosphere integrity
49
the highest rates of aquatic productivity are found
in the open ocean, where upwelling occurs
near the coast/shallow seas where upwelling occurs
near the coast, where downwelling occurs
near the continential shelf, where upwelling occurs
50
A thermocline is:
Water that gets colder as it gets deeper
Denser water settling at the bottom of the ocean
Water that gets saltier as it gets deeper
An upward current that brings nutrients to the surface
51
Thermohaline currents: are they warm and salty OR cold and fresh?
cold and fresh
warm and salty
52
Polarity of water means
oxygen has a positive charge and hydrogen has a positive charge
oxygen has a positive charge and carbon has a positive charge
oxygen has a negative charge and hydrogen has a positive charge
53
Another name for the North Atlantic Conveyor Belt
Gulf stream
North Atlantic Deep Water
Gulf current
Jet stream
54
Acidification of the oceans occur from an excess of:
Unusually high volcanic activity.
Plankton and algae Contributing to the problem in our oceans.
Carbon precipitating into the oceans.
Plants recycling CO2 into Glucose and O2.
55
What is a potential negative consequence of upwellings?
Overfishing - depletion of fish populations and ecosystem collapse
Reduced nutrients due to mixing of nutrient-poor surface water
Disruption of thermohaline circulation patterns, altering global climate
Increased ocean acidification due to the rising of acidic deep water
56
Blue water is
Water stored in soil moisture
Pool water
Water stored in lakes, rivers and aquifers
The colour it is in a lake
57
Water transfer schemes work by...
Installing taps in all households.
Passing sea water through desalination plants.
Piping water from areas of surplus to areas of deficit.
Delivering bottled water to areas in need of it.
58
What are Aquifer Storage & Recovery Systems
Wells that take Raw surface water & store it in the Aquifer
Wells that take treated surface water & store it in the Aquifer
Wells that are connected to the River.
Only Batman Knows
59
The storage space in an aquifer is measured by ____ .
permeability
porosity
60
Water footprint
Measures how water is used in drinking water and wastewater treatment
Measures our water consumed for all of our direct and indirect water uses
Measures how much energy is consumed for producing our potable water supply
Measures how much water is saved for our direct and indirect water uses
61
What is aquaculture?
Synchronised Swimming
Fish Farming
Oceanography
62
Which of the following is
NOT
a consequence of water's polarity?
High specific heat capacity
Effective solvent properties
Formation of hydrogen bonds
Ability to dissolve nonpolar molecules
63
Cloud seeding ...
basically makes the storm less efficient by getting less moisture
Is the greatest thing to ever exist
basically develops storms to help put out fires
basically makes the storm more efficient by getting more moisture
