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Final Review
Final Review
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1
The use of prokaryotes and other organisms to clean up pollutants from soil, air, or water is called
bioremediation.
decomposition.
metagenomics.
nitrogen fixation.
2
To be of value to science, hypotheses must be __________.
popular
testable
proven correct
established facts
3
Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae
are unicellular.
obtain food by decomposing dead organisms and absorbing the nutrients.
are photosynthetic.
4
What is the ultimate source of energy for nearly all surface terrestrial and shallow water ecosystems?
organic compounds
water
wind
sunlight
5
Demographic transition is a transition from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates
False
True
6
Ectotherms absorb external heat while endotherms use metabolic heat to maintain a warm, steady body temperature.
True
False
7
Why is the ozone layer important?
It inhibits the radiation of heat back out into space.
It allows sunlight to pass through the atmosphere for photosynthesis.
It counteracts the greenhouse effect.
It protects Earth from ultraviolet radiation.
8
The biggest difference between the flow of energy and the flow of chemical nutrients in an ecosystem is that __________.
nutrients are recycled, but energy is not
energy is recycled, but nutrients are not
organisms always need nutrients, but they do not always need energy
the amount of energy is much greater than the amount of nutrients
9
The current rate of extinction may be as much as ________ times greater than the natural rate of extinction.
10
1,000
10,000
100
10
Camouflage typically evolves as a result of
mutualism.
herbivory.
interspecific competition.
predation.
11
The type of life cycle seem in plants is called
gametophyte production.
haploid generations.
alternation of generations.
diploid generations.
12
Ecological footprint is the amount of land and water required to support an individual or a nation.
False
True
13
The largest group of prokaryotes is the ________, which obtain both energy and carbon from ________.
autotrophs; inorganic molecules
photoautotrophs; light
chemoheterotrophs; organic molecules
chemoautotrophs; decaying organic material
14
Which of the following will tend to produce adaptive changes in populations?
the founder effect
gene flow
natural selection
genetic drift
15
Speciation, or the formation of new species, is
an event that has occurred only a few times in the history of the planet.
responsible for the diversity of life.
necessary for natural selection and adaptation.
a form of microevolution.
16
Under the biological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that
have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring.
live together in a location and carry out identical ecological roles.
are physically similar.
share a recent common ancestor.
17
One of the strongest lines of evidence of a meteor or comet impact in the late Cretaceous is
a thin layer of iridium-enriched clay in late Cretaceous fossil strata.
the extinction of the dinosaurs in only South America.
a thin layer of potassium-40 in late Cretaceous fossil strata.
the warming of Earth's climate in the late Cretaceous.
18
Rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO
2
) in the atmosphere result in the oceans becoming more acidic.
False
True
19
The _____ biome is the driest of all biomes.
coniferous forest
temperate broadleaf forest
desert
chaparral
20
Many antibiotics target bacterial __________, which are not present in human cells.
endospores
phospholipid plasma membranes
cell walls containing peptidoglycan
internal membranes
21
Species richness and relative abundance taken together define the ____________ of a community.
ecological niche
food web
food chain
species diversity
22
The area where fresh water and seawater mix is called a(n)
benthic realm.
aphotic zone.
estuary.
continental shelf.
23
In terrestrial systems, the two major climatic factors affecting the distribution of organisms are __________.
predators and parasites
temperature and sunlight
wind and rainfall
rainfall and temperature
24
Currently, the single greatest threat to biodiversity is
habitat destruction due to humans.
the introduction of exotic species.
global warming.
overexploitation of populations for food.
25
The ultimate source of all new alleles is
natural selection.
genetic drift.
chromosomal duplication.
mutation.
26
A tree in your backyard has two cardinals, a colony of ants, a wasp's nest, and two squirrels. This represents a(n)
ecosystem.
species.
population.
community.
27
A property of life known as energy processing refers to the fact that living things _________________.
regulate their internal environments
can sense stimuli from the environment
obtain energy from the environment and use it to power their activities
can reproduce
28
The intimate, mutually beneficial association formed between a fungus and the root of a plant is called a __________.
mycorrhiza.
hypha.
sporophyte.
mycelium.
29
The main decomposers in an ecosystem are _________________.
prokaryotes and vertebrates
plants and animals
fungi and prokaryotes
plants and fungi
30
Molecular evidence suggest that humans are more closely related to orangutans than chimpanzees.
True
False
31
The emergence of many diverse species from a common ancestor is called
hybridization.
gradualism.
adaptive radiation.
allopatric speciation.
32
The phylum __________ includes the largest number of species of all animal phyla.
Annelida
Arthropoda
Mollusca
Chordata
