Why is recoil of arteries important?

To maintain pressure during diastole

Why are ventricles thicker than atria?

They pump blood out with more force

Low red blood cell count or hemoglobin

What are the three main functions of blood?

Transport, regulation, protection

High blood osmolarity causes:

Fluid absorption into bloodstream

Formed elements of blood include:

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

What do gap junctions allow in cardiomyocytes?

Ion movement for electrical continuity

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Exam 2 Review

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Questions 93

Answers

1
Where is blood pressure the highest?
Arterioles
Veins
Capillaries
Arteries
2
No P-wave on an EKG indicates a problem with:
Purkinje fibers
AV node
SA node
Bundle branches
3
Where are baroreceptors located?
Right atrium
Kidneys
Lungs
Aorta and carotid arteries
4
Hemoglobin from old RBCs is:
Reabsorbed directly
Recycled or excreted
Exhaled
Stored in the kidneys
5
What ion is released from internal stores for contraction?
Sodium
Chloride
Potassium
Calcium
6
A person with Type AB blood has A and B antibodies.
True
False
7
Blood hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid:
Into capillary
Into lymph
Out of capillary
Into RBC
8
Why is recoil of arteries important?
To deliver nutrients
To maintain pressure during diastole
To reduce heart rate
To prevent backflow
9
Antibodies are found in the:
Red blood cells
Bone marrow
Nucleus
Plasma
10
Which vessels show a pulse?
Capillaries
Veins
Arteries
Arterioles
11
Why are ventricles thicker than atria?
They pump blood out with more force
They are closer to the lungs
They contain more valves
They receive oxygenated blood
12
What happens at the venule end of a capillary?
Blood pooling
Pulsing
Reabsorption
Filtration
13
Rh-related issues affect which pregnancy?
The first
Only twin pregnancies
All
Second or later
14
Where do old red blood cells break down?
Heart
Lymph nodes
Bone marrow
Liver and spleen
15
Platelets help in:
Fighting infection
Oxygen transport
Blood clotting
Nutrient absorption
16
During vigorous exercise, stroke volume decreases due to faster heart rate.
True
False
17
What is hematopoiesis?
Heart rythmn
Breakdown of blood
Blood clotting
Formation of blood cells
18
The visceral pericardium is also known as the:
Endocardium
Epicardium
Parietal layer
Myocardium
19
Where is the heart located?
Diaphragm
Abdominal cavity
Left lung
Mediastinum
20
What is anemia?
Excess white blood cells
Increased viscosity
High platelet count
Low red blood cell count or hemoglobin
21
What does vasoconstriction do to blood pressure?
Lowers it
Increases it
Has no effect
Stops blood flow
22
Antigens are located on:
Platelets
Plasma proteins
Red blood cell membranes
White blood cells
23
What is the main function of the heart?
produce hormones
filter waste
pump blood throughout the body
transport oxygen
24
What are the smallest arteries called?
Microvessels
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
25
What are the three main functions of blood?
Protection, digestion, excretion
Transport, regulation, protection
Filtration, movement, diffusion
Circulation, respiration, secretion
26
What do the top and bottom numbers in BP represent?
Systolic/Diastolic
Mean pressure/Pulse pressure
Arterial/Vein pressure
Diastolic/Systolic
27
Leukemia is a cancer of:
WBC
Plasma
RBC
Platelets
28
A person with Type AB blood has:
No antibodies
B antibodies
O antigens
A antibodies
29
What is the function of the pericardium?
Supply oxygen
Reduce friction
Pump blood
Conduct electricity
30
What is a normal blood pressure reading?
140/90 mmHg
120/80 mmHg
80/60 mmHg
100/70 mmHg
31
“Lubb” sound is caused by:
Atrial contraction
Ventricular filling
Semilunar valve closure
AV valve closure
32
Plasma makes up more than half of the volume of whole blood.
True
False
33
Which receptors detect changes in blood chemistry?
Proprioreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Baroreceptors
34
The QRS complex represents:
Ventricular depolarization
Heart relaxation
Ventricular repolarization
Atrial depolarization
35
Blood flows from areas of:
Random pressure
Equal pressure
Low to high pressure
High to low pressure
36
Where do all formed elements originate?
Kidneys
Liver
Red bone marrow
Stomach
37
The pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to the lungs.
False
True
38
Which layer of a blood vessel contains smooth muscle?
Tunica interna
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa
Endothelium
39
Which type of blood vessels carry blood toward the heart?
Arterioles
Veins
Arteries
Capillaries
40
Which are the most abundant formed elements?
Platelets
RBC
Hormones
WBC
41
High blood osmolarity causes:
Anemia
Fluid absorption into bloodstream
Fluid to leave bloodstream
Low blood pressure
42
Osmolarity refers to:
Oxygen levels in blood
Thickness of plasma
Solute concentration in blood
Number of cells
43
What causes high hematocrit?
Blood loss
Protein deficiency
Dehydration
Leukemia
44
What is the thickest layer of the heart wall?
Epicardium
Visceral pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
45
What is cardiac output?
Total volume of blood in body
Stroke volume per second
Stroke volume × heart rate
Heart rate minus stroke volume
46
What is the main function of arterioles?
Deliver oxygen
Regulate blood flow to tissues
Control blood pressure
Return blood to heart
47
Formed elements of blood include:
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
Plasma, proteins, glucose
Water, ions, enzymes
Antigens, antibodies, enzymes
48
Which vessel type is the site of gas exchange?
Veins
Venules
Capillaries
Arterioles
49
What happens with a mismatched blood transfusion?
RBCs rupture (hemolysis)
Blood pressure rises
More oxygen is carried
Clotting stops
50
Leukemia leads to the production of too many fully functional white blood cells.
True
False
51
What do gap junctions allow in cardiomyocytes?
Ion movement for electrical continuity
Attachment
Hormone storage
Cell division
52
The apex of the heart points:
Backward
Upward
Left and downward
Right
53
Why is Type O called the universal donor?
It lacks hemoglobin
It has both antigens
It has all antibodies
It has no antigens
54
The left ventricle has thicker walls than the right ventricle because it pumps blood to the entire body.
False
True
55
What prevents backflow of blood in the heart?
Veins
Arteries
Heart valves
Ventricles
56
Veins rely solely on high pressure to return blood to the heart.
False
True
57
Why does fluid accumulate in tissues during severe protein deficiency?
More capillary filtration
Blocked blood volume
Reduced colloid osmotic pressure
Increased blood volume
58
What does an ECG measure?
Hear rate
oxygen levels
Electrical activity of the heart
Blood pressure
59
In leukemia, leukocytes:
Are overproduced but immature
Become platelets
Fight infection effectively
Function normally
60
Rh incompatibility during pregnancy is dangerous if:
Fetus is Rh+ and mother is Rh-
Father is Rh+
Both are Rh+
Mother is Rh+
61
High blood viscosity can lead to:
Strain on the heart
Anemia
Lower oxygen levels
Faster circulation
62
How do vessels locally control blood flow?
Blood volume
Nervous system
Adjusting vessel diameter in response to local signals
Hormones
63
How many layers are found in the walls of most blood vessels?
2
1
4
3
64
What hormone stimulates RBC production?
Erythropoietin
Insulin
Estrogen
Cortisol
65
Rh+ means the person:
Cannot donate blood
Lacks Rh antibodies
Is anemic
Has the Rh antigen
66
Baroreceptors detect changes in:
Oxygen levels
Blood pressure
Carbon dioxide
Heart rate
67
What happens during depolarization?
Heart fills with blood
Heart relaxes
Electrical activity triggers contraction
Blood exits the heart
68
Heart sounds are caused by the closing of heart valves.
False
True
69
Which change would occur in arterioles during exercise?
Vasodilation to muscles
Dilation to stomach
Vasoconstriction to muscles
Constriction in brain
70
Which chamber has the thickest wall?
Left ventricle
Left atrium
Right atrium
Right ventricle
71
Colloid osmotic pressure pulls fluid:
Into the interstitial fluid
Into lymph
Into capillary
Into heart
72
Why are arteries called resistance vessels?
They resist collapse
They have thick walls and control blood flow
They resist blood flow
They resist pressure loss
73
Desmosomes in cardiac muscle:
Allow ion flow
Prevent cells from pulling apart
Generate action potentials
Store calcium
74
Which part of the ECG shows atrial depolarization?
U wave
P wave
QRS comple
T wave
75
What happens to blood pressure during hemorrhage?
It stays the same
It rises sharply
It increases
It decreases
76
What is found in the plasma portion of blood?
RBC
Water, proteins, nutrients
Platelets
Hormones only
77
What allows arteries to stretch and recoil?
Collagen
Smooth muscle
Endothelium
Elastic tissue
78
During dehydration, osmolarity is:
High
Irrelevent
Normal
Low
79
What is stroke volume?
Number of beats per minute
Volume of blood per beat
Total blood in the heart
Amount of oxygen per minute
80
Which circuit brings oxygen-poor blood to the lungs?
Coronary
Systemic
Pulmonary
Peripheral
81
Which of these helps return blood to the heart in veins?
High oxygen content
Nerve impulses
One-way valves
Blood pressure
82
During ventricular fibrillation, the heart:
Slows dramatically
Stops briefly
Quivers without pumping
Pumps normally
83
A person with Type A blood can receive from:
A and O
AB and O
B and AB
Only O
84
What does the T wave represent?
Ventricular repolarization
Atrial contraction
Atrial repolarization
SA node firing
85
Which factor contributes to blood’s viscosity?
Red blood cells and proteins
Temperature
Platelets only
Water
86
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
AV bundle
SA node
Purkinje fibers
AV node
87
Blood pressure is measured in:
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Veins
88
Baroreceptors help regulate blood pressure by detecting changes in vessel stretch.
False
True
89
The skeletal muscle pump:
Assists venous return
Filters lymph
Increases arterial pressure
Controls heart rate
90
What happens at the arteriole end of a capillary?
Blood pooling
Filtration
Lymph fromation
Reabsorption
91
What does the foramen ovale become after birth?
Interatrial septum
Coronary sinus
Fossa ovalis
Ligamentum arteriosum
92
Platelets are complete cells with nuclei.
True
False
93
What is hematocrit?
Measurement of hemoglobin
Percentage of red blood cells in blood
Percentage of white blood cells
Volume of plasma in blood

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