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HIST 1301 End of term Flashcards | StudBud
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HIST 1301 End of term
HIST 1301 End of term
114 terms
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history of science and technology
Flashcards
114 cards
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Questions
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1
Lamarck's theory of evolution is called:
Acquired traits
Spontaneous generation
Orthogenisis
2
Among the Platonic Solids the Tetrahedron represented ________
Love
Air
Water
Fire
3
This is a drawing of:
Newton's three laws of motion
Newton's crucial experiment
Newton's law of gravity
Newton's orbital cannon
4
Which if these would NOT be considered one of Aristotle's "bloodless" animals?
crab
shark
sea anemone
dragonfly
5
Among the Platonic Solids the Dodecahedron represented ______
Water
Strife
Air
The universe
6
According to D'Alembert's philosophy of science all knowledge comes from:
Teachers
Books
Inherited Wisdom
Senses
7
Who founded the Academy in Athens in 388?
Empedocles
Plato
Aristotle
Socrates
8
Who published The Starry Messenger in 1610?
Kepler
Brahe
Galileo
Copernicus
9
According to Aristotle's theory of Levity fire will always ____
Move away from the centre of the universe
Move toward the sun
Move toward the centre of the universe
10
Who invented the first battery that supplied a continuous stream?
Isaac Newton
Benjamin Franklin
Alessandro Volta
Luigi Galvani
11
By 3500 BCE Humans could
Explain eclipses
Read and write
Use universal mathematical symbols
Anticipate seasons
12
Thomas Savery referred to his method/steam pump by what term?
water by fire
water vacuum
steam engine
miner's helper
13
What is the motto of the Enlightenment?
Dare to Know
Trust No One
Take Nobody's Word for It
Look for Evidence
14
If you attended a medieval university you would study
Business
The seven liberal arts
Whatever you were most interested in
Only what the church approved
15
Fully Alphabetic Languages were developed by _____ and widely in use by ______
1500 BCE & 800 BCE
800 BCE & 500 BCE
100 BCE & 200 CE
3000 BCE & 2000BCE
16
This French thinker tried to replace Aristotelianism with his own system.
Francois Poulain
Rene Descartes
Andreas Vesalius
Voltaire
17
According to Aristotle which classification of animal belonged highest on the hierarchy?
crustacea
testacea
oviparous quadrupeds
viviparous quadrupeds
18
Hutton argued that the story of the earth was cyclical and had a purpose, it was:
to confuse geologists
to demonstrate God's power
to make the earth habitable
a mystery
19
This inventor improved the Savery engine using atmospheric pressure to drive a piston downward
Richard Trevithick
George Stephenson
James Watt
Thomas Newcomen
20
Bacon believed that lack of progress was due to ....
lack of imagination
lack of skill
lack of application
lack of knowledge
21
The systems of both __ and __ are dualistic ( 2 materials: matter and soul, make the universe).
Aristotle, Bacon
Plato, Descartes
Plato, Bacon
Aristotle, Descartes
22
Copernicus's On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres (1543):
Proposed a heliocentric universe
Was a bestseller with many reprints
Supported the biblical geocentric universe
Was written in the vernacular
23
Which of the following cannot be transmuted into the others?
Air
Water
Earth
Fire
24
Who wrote
Elements of Chemistry
and together with his wife identified 33 of the elements?
Black
Lavoisier
Franklin
Priestly
25
When was the term "scientist" coined?
1500s
1800s
1700s
1600s
26
This painting by Blake is of:
Galileo
Newton
Plato
Voltaire
27
What was the
Aeolipile,
designed by Heron of Alexandria?
The earliest known steam powered machine
A mechanical figurine of a lady who plays the lute
The first automaton
A complex device for telling time
28
What big science project located its main laboratory at Los Alamos, New Mexico?
Linus Pauling's DNA laboratory
The Manhattan Project
The Trinity Project
The Human Genome Project
29
Rutherford ended up disproving this model of the atom as he was trying to prove. What was it?
Bohr Model
Newtonian Model
Plum Pudding Model
Rutherford model
30
Galileo's drawings of the moon were revolutionary because:
The moon was not a perfect sphere
There was a face on the moon
he moon was bigger than previously thought
It demonstrated the perfection of the cosmos
31
Steam power became available to British factories after what year?
1665
1833
1813
1785
32
Who developed the Leyden Jar as a method to store electricity?
Volta
Franklin
van Mucenbroek
Galvani
33
ibn Sina (Avicenna) author of
The Canon of Medicine
said this element was
prime matter
.
Gold
Salt
Hydrogen
Mercury
34
Alvin M. Weinberg: "When history looks at the 20th century, she will see _ and _ as its theme;"
Atoms and Genes
Science and Technology
Advancements and Discoveries
War and Medicine
35
Did Plato believe that you could trust your senses?
Only some of them
Yes
No
36
Who proposed the "plum pudding" model of the atom? (1904)
Thomson
Watson
Rutherford
Wilkins
37
The Aristotelian Universe was:
geocentric
heliocentric
heliostatic
38
According to Aristotle plants, animals, and humans all possessed ____
Rational Soul
Sensitive Soul
Nutritive Soul
39
What is a cathode tube?
Tube to contain radioactive elements so as to be safe
None of these
A tube with a partial vacuum with electrodes at each end.
Used be Einstein to demonstrate his theory of relativity.
40
According to Aristotle's theory of Levity a book sitting on a desk is subject to forced motion.
True
False
41
Among the Platonic Solids the Cube represented ________
Strife
Water
Air
Earth
42
Greek influence is evident in the ________ structure of the Roman Pantheon.
Spherical
Arched
Dodecahedron
Marble
43
The Quadrivium (pictured here) was comprised of:
Logic, Rhetoric, Law, Theology
Grammar, Rhetoric, Logic, Composition
Geometry, Arithmetic, Astronomy, Music
Geometry, Arithmetic, Calculus, Algebra
44
von Humbolt is to _______________, as Descartes is to __________
Aistotle, Plato
Socrates, Plato
Plato, Aristotle
45
In Greek architecture the stone that bridges the top of the columns is called a(n):
Ceiling
beam
Arch
Lintel
46
Who wrote
The Principia
?
Newton
Lamarck
Voltaire
Bacon
47
Whose system is this?
Isaac Newton
Tycho Brahe
Nicholas Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
48
Who lived the earliest?
Bacon
Newton
Descartes
Galileo
49
What does viviparous mean?
Born live
living
Born from eggs
non-living
50
By _ all extant Greek works on medicine, natural phil., logic & math were translated to Arabic
1426CE
1200CE
1000CE
336CE
51
This is an illustration of:
Pteridomania
Bibliomania
Clinomania
Polkamania
52
Goethe believed that there each plant had an
Urplflanze,
what was it?
The seed
Its fundamental form
It's ability to produce other plants
The leaves
53
A Cosmogony seeks to
Explain the basic laws of physics
Explain the origins of the universe
Pass on history
Understand how the universe works
54
The Novum Organum challenged ancient authority, systems and methods. Organum means:
Inquisition
Tool
Method
Book
55
This image is from
Hooke'sMicrographia
Lamark'sZoological Philosophy
Diderot'sEncylcopedie
Linnaeus'sSystem of Nature
56
Which of the following was NOT an important prerequisite for scientific thinking?
Contact with other cultures
Literacy
Democracy
Prosperity
57
Which of the following were one of the flaws of Savery's pump?
Limited power, it could only remove a few meters of water
It could only be located near water so too far from mines
You needed horses to operate it
It burned wood to create steam and trees were scarce
58
What is parallax?
The differences between the terrestrial and celestial realms
The infinite distance to the "fixed stars"
The way that stars and planets appear to move across the sky
The way objects shift position because of your perspective
59
This explorer and natural philosopher believed that you had to "be there".
Owen
von Humboldt
Goethe
Darwin
60
What did Stephen Grey's experiment with the orphan boy demonstrate?
Materials act as insulators and conductors of electricity.
That static was electricity.
That ethics boards were not yet established.
That anyone could make scientific discoveries.
61
"If I have seen far it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants."
Copernicus
Hooke
Newton
Darwin
62
Who published the
Starry Messenger
in 1610?
Newton
Galileo
Kepler
Bacon
63
_________ believed nature to be intrinsic, while ___________ believed it to extrinsic.
Pre-Socratics, Plato
Plato, Pre-Socratics
64
Aristotle believed the Sphere of the Cosmos to be divided into the ________ realms
Wet and Dry
Starry and Earthy
Celestial and Terrestrial
Earth and Air
65
The Islamic Empire imported paper making technology from this Empire
Chinese
Ottoman
Greek
Roman
66
What does Operationalism mean?
A new type of mathematics developed by Leibniz.
Attaining knowledge for the purpose of using it.
When physicians started doing surgery.This is a wrong answer
Understanding how the world works.
67
Steam power became available to British factories after what year?
1833
1665
1813
1785
68
The pictured medieval technology is a:
Flour Mill
Saw mill
Rice Paddle
Water Wheel
69
What was the most pressing question for philosophers of the 6th century BCE?
What am I?
How does the earth move?
Are there gods?
Is change possible?
70
These illustrations are from....
Goethe's Metamorphosis of Plants
Owen's "The Nature of Limbs"
Laplace's System of the World
71
The medieval Trivium (pictured here) consisted of which of the following:
Medicine, Law, Theology
Grammar, Rhetoric, Logic
Mathematics, Astronomy, Geometry
Writing, Reading, Arithmetic
72
Who introduced the use of the ellipse into models of the solar system?
Kepler
Newton
Galileo
Copernicus
73
Who discovered the neutron in 1932?
Thomson
Wilkins
Rutherford
Chadwick
74
This inventor had to repurpose his engine for entertainment - Watt had cornered the mine market
Stephenson
Trevithick
Savery
Newcomen
75
Aristotle believed nature to be____________
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Tasty
A mystery
76
Early manufactories (factories) had to be located near what?
train tracks
mines
towns
water
77
This astronomer wrote the 1512 Commentariolus which considered and refuted Ptolemy’s system
Bellarmine
Copernicus
Galileo
Brahe
78
Who wrote the
Almagest?
Newton
Ptolemy
Kepler
Copernicus
79
_____ didn't believe that the earth's cycles could result in permanent extinction
Owen
Paley
Lamark
Lyell
80
Paley believed that his argument regarding the watch proved:
Wonders of evolution
Intelligent design
81
Which of Plato's dialogues survived almost intact through the Middle Ages?
Timaeus
On Virtue
The Republic
Theagues
82
__________ proposed that the world was separated into fire, air, earth, water, love & strif
Leucippus
Anaximander
Thales
Empedocles
83
This thinker tried to combine the Copernican, Aristotelian universes and the work of Plato:
Bellarmine
Kepler
Newton
Brahe
84
This image is from the revolutionary text:
Micrographia
Encyclopedie de Diderot
On the Fabric of the Human Body
Principia
85
Who developed the theory of the archetype (in biology/science)?
Goethe
Owen
Darwin
Paley
86
This frontispiece to Spratt's History of the Royal Society depicts Brouckner, Charles II and:
Isaac Newton
Francis Bacon
Robert Hooke
Robert Boyle
87
Ptolemy used what to explain retrograde motion?
Aristotelian physics
Elipses
Epicylces
Platonic solids
88
Who designed the mitre gates that were used in pound locks?
van Muscenbroek
Volta
da Vinci
Franklin
89
Who won the Nobel Prize for having "discovered" the double-helical shape of DNA?
Parsons and Bryant
Franklin and Crick
Wilkins and Rutherford
Watson and Crick
90
This machine was patented in 1769 by Richard Arkwright. What is it?
The spinning jenny
The power loom
The flying shuttle
The water frame
91
The Agricultural Revolution in Medieval Europe resulted in:
A heavy reliance on manual labour
Widespread unemployment and starvation
The end of small farms and farming
A move to mechanical rather than animal/human power
92
The Royal Society of London's Coat of Arms reads “Nullius in verba” which means:
Reason will prevail
Take nobody's word for it
Nothing but truth
Trust only your mind
93
Romantic who believed Newton had been deceived by Machines & proposed a new theory of colour
Paley
Goethe
Blake
Shelley
94
Why did European Alchemists refer to Aristotle's
Meteorology
?
It had recipes to transmute metals into greater metals
It promised gold and glory
They believed Aristotle was the greatest alchemist
Aristotle proposed how metal formed and they wanted to copy
95
What technology does Jared Diamond argue is most important for societies to grow?
Weaponry
Organizational
Agricultural
Industrial
96
19. Aristotle believed that you could trust your senses?
Yes, totally!
Meh, sometimes
No, never!
97
According to Goethe
Morphology
is the study of:
power rangers
forms
changes
spirit
98
Newton's second law can be summed up by the equation:
E=MC2
M=fa
F=ma
la=f
99
The Almagest,an ancient work that influenced Renaissance astronomer Copernicus, was written by:
Ptolemy
Aristotle
Pythagoras
Galen
100
Brahe proposed a system to reconcile observation and belief. What was at the centre?
Earth
God
Sun
Man
101
Who proved the chromosomal theory of heredity using
drosophila melanogaster
?
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Charles Darwin
Herbert Spencer
Gregory Mendel
102
This Renaissance anatomist combined print technology, Renaissance art and anatomical discovery.
Andreas Vesalius
Johanes Gutenberg
Robert Boyle
Leonardo daVinci
103
The three men in this image are:
Empedocles, Thomas Moore, Pythagoras
Aristotle, Saint Gerome, Plato
Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Plato
Socrates, Augustus, Aristotle
104
Early manufactories (factories) had to be located near what?
train tracks
mines
towns
water
105
The first steam locomotive was introduced in 1814 by:
Richard Trevithick
James Watt
George Stephenson
Thomas Newcomen
106
Which was founded first? (In 1660)
Academie des Sciences
British Association for the Advancement of Science
Royal Society of London
Royal Institution
107
Who explained how electricity works (with + and - charges) by comparing it to an economy?
Volta
Franklin
Newton
Galvani
108
Plato's Cosmos was the product of...
Random combinations of atoms
Reason and planning
The Big Bang
The will of the gods
109
This Englishman published the Novum (New) Organum in 1620
Robert Boyle
Roger Bacon
Francis Bacon
Isaac Newton
110
d'Alembert:
The goal of science should be to reduce things to ______ & thereby understand them.
innate structures
mechanical properties
fundamental natures
basic features
111
Aristotle proposed five elements: earth, air, water, fire, and.
Aether
Quintessence
Divine
Firmament
112
Who published a series of lectures called "What is life" and set the hunt for genetic material?
Francis Crick & James Watson
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Erwin Schrödinger
Herbert Spencer
113
The Principia by Isaac Newton was revolutionary because:
It was heretical
It refuted all previous systems of nature
It proved Galileo wrong
It proposed common laws for terrestrial and celestial region
114
Cultural movement that responded against the percieved Enlightenment mechanization of world:
Nostalgia
Newtonism
Renaissance
Romanticism
