Which statement best describes our current understanding of the reliability and validity of eyewitness testimony?

Eyewitness testimony is not nearly as reliable or accurate as believed

What best explains why two people can be exposed to the “same” events and walk away with entirely different memories?

People’s experience of the world is subjective.

What is the primary symptom associated with anterograde amnesia?

A person does not create memories of events that occur after a head injury.

What is the process of “chunking”?

rearranging incoming information into meaningful or familiar patterns

Which item in your dentist’s office would likely be forgotten based on your schema about dentists?

an ordinary item that is unrelated to dentistry, like a book of poetry

Which condition seems to most hinder problem solving in a task like the 9 dot problem?

the imposition of unnecessary constraints

Which of the following is an example of the “cocktail party phenomenon”?

You're not paying attention to background, but you notice your name called

the smallest units of sound in a spoken language

Language is generative. What does this mean?

Symbols can be combined to generate an infinite array of novel messages.

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Chapter 7&8 Quiz

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Memory, Language and Thought

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Questions 23

Answers

1
A doctor states that 35% of patients who use a drug completely recover rather than that 65% do not. This illustrates:
the law of small numbers
confirmation bias
the framing effect
a mental set
2
Which statement best describes our current understanding of the reliability and validity of eyewitness testimony?
Eyewitness testimony is more reliable than previously assumed.
Eyewitness testimony is not nearly as reliable or accurate as believed
Eyewitness testimony rarely involves mistaken identities.
Eyewitness accounts should never be part of the investigative process.
3
What best explains why two people can be exposed to the “same” events and walk away with entirely different memories?
Memories are often false.
People’s experience of the world is subjective.
When you observe an event, you store an exact copy of the event in memory
The same events can have multiple causes.
4
Which factor is NOT involved in the decisions people make?
subjective probability
elimination by aspects
expected value
subjective utility
5
What is the primary symptom associated with anterograde amnesia?
Previously learned information interferes with the retention of new info
A person does not create memories of events that occur after a head injury.
A person loses memories of events that occurred prior to a head injury.
New information impairs the retention of previously learned information.
6
Rating the probability of two separate events occurring at the same time higher than that of either event alone is the:
conjunction fallacy
mental set
belief perseverance
framing effect
7
What is the process of “chunking”?
forming connections between new info and info already in memory
rearranging incoming information into meaningful or familiar patterns
creating visual images of information to be stored in memory
internal repetition of material a person is trying to remember
8
Which item in your dentist’s office would likely be forgotten based on your schema about dentists?
an ordinary item that is unrelated to dentistry, like a book of poetry
an item associated with dentists, like a white coat
a surprising item, like a life-sized clown statue
an item that is only associated with dentists, like a tooth drill
9
What factor led Ray to think that Micha must be an athlete because she wears very high-performance running shoes?
law of small numbers
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
conjunction fallacy
10
Which condition seems to most hinder problem solving in a task like Luchins’ water jar problem?
focusing on irrelevant information
the presence of a mental set
functional fixedness
the imposition of unnecessary constraints
11
Which condition seems to most hinder problem solving in a task like the 9 dot problem?
the presence of a mental set
functional fixedness
focusing on irrelevant information
the imposition of unnecessary constraints
12
Which brain area plays a key role in memory consolidation?
hypothalamus
amygdala
cerebellum
hippocampus
13
Which of the following is an example of the “cocktail party phenomenon”?
You're not paying attention to background, but you notice your name called
Difficulty paying attention when other conversations are going on
You have a false memory of being at a party that you did not attend
You remember social events better than events that occur when you're alone
14
Ashley is just starting to utter her first words. How old do you expect Ashley to be?
3 months old
11 months old
8 months old
6 weeks old
15
Which field examines the effects of humans’ actual (not idealized) decision-making processes on economic decisions?
framing economics
theory of bounded rationality
behavioural philosophy
behavioural economics
16
Which memory system contains the memory for how to type on a keyboard or drive a car?
visuospatial memory system
episodic memory system
executive memory system
procedural memory system
17
Which process leads to the best retention of information?
semantic encoding
structural encoding
rote encoding
phonemic encoding
18
After work, you need to remember to walk the dog and grab tickets to the game. What type of memory is needed
retrospective memory
prospective memory
visuospatial memory
episodic memory
19
What are phonemes?
the smallest units of meaning in a spoken language
rules for combining sounds to form meaning
the smallest units of sound in a spoken language
rules that are common across all languages
20
Referring to language acquisition, which factor do behavioural theorists emphasize?
cognitive maturity and critical periods
social context and explicit instruction
innate brain mechanisms and passive exposure
imitation and reinforcement
21
Which measure of memory requires subjects to reproduce information on their own, without any cues?
recogntion
reiteration
relearning
recall
22
Language is generative. What does this mean?
Spoken or written words have meanings that can be shared with others.
The structure of language conforms to rules of syntax.
Symbols can be combined to generate an infinite array of novel messages.
Language includes words that refer to objects or ideas.
23
Which term is best defined as a mental “rule of thumb” for problem solving?
a heuristic
an algorithm
a mental set
a syllogism

Chapter 7&8 Quiz Flashcards | StudBud