Regarding the operation of reciprocating engines & turbine engines identify the correct statement from the options below

Recip engines follow the Otto cycle turbine engines use the Brayton cycle

How is wear measured in oil condition monitoring?

By the amount of material (debris) carried away by the lubricant

The Air Bleed Leak Detection System monitors all Air Ducts in the system

True, if a leak in a Duct is detected it is closed off

Which of these describes the Turbine Engine requirement of Durability?

Engine longevity must run efficiently 4 extended period b4 needing overhaul

The "Otto Cycle" created by reciprocating piston engines means?

Combustion is an intermittent cycle

What is the primary function of the diffuser in the combustion process?

reduces the velocity and increases pressure of compressor discharge air

What advantage do blades crafted from cast Nimonic alloys offer?

corrosion resistance & high performance under stress and high temperatures

What is the primary function of the turbine section in the Allison 250 engine?

To house crucial bearings for radial support

Where is the diffuser located in a gas turbine engine?

between the compressor and combustion section

What is the primary function of the lubrication system in engine health monitoring?

To minimize direct surface contact and reduce wear

What role does the combustor liner play?

It has varied perforations for flame distribution

The APU can be started in which manner? Select all that apply.

Electric start, 28 VDC engaged by the APUC, Pneumatic turbine starter @ 22 psi

What is the role of couplings in turboshaft engines?

To allow independent movement of engine and rotor gearbox

What is the primary function of the reduction gear assembly in a turboprop engine?

Reduce the engine rpm to a suitable level for the propeller

How does a turboshaft engine's free turbine contribute to its operation?

By enabling optimal speed management

What is the Failure Detection Period (FDP) typically associated with?

The time from initial rupture to failure

Turbofan engines divide Intake air into two separate airflows.

True, Primary air for engine & Secondary bypass air

What advantage does spectrometric oil analysis (SOA) offer?

It can indicate the possible source of wear

Which of these describes the Turbine Engine principle of Kinetic Energy?

Also known as Dynamic Pressure, meaning Pressure caused by moving fluid

A Turbofan Jet Engine has separate Turbines to drive a fan to produce Thrust.

True, there are 2 types Low and High bypass

How is the expansion and contraction of the turbine blade casing actively controlled?

with a cooling air supply system automated by FADEC

Non-air-breathing engines have their own â Oxidizersâ for creating propulsion?

True, this allows Rockets to operate beyond airâ s atmosphere

The purpose of tertiary air flow in the combustion process is to:

cool down gasses for the turbine

In a turboshaft engine, what is the output shaft driven by?

The engine turbine or a free turbine

What is 'Ram Recovery' in the context of air inlets?

Conversion of air velocity to pressure at the compressor face

What is the primary function of a propeller in an aircraft?

Convert engine torque into thrust via rotating blades

How are magnetic probes useful in detecting wear particles?

They catch wear particles made of ferrous metals

In a turboprop aircraft engine configuration, how is thrust primarily obtained?

90% from the propeller, 10% from residual thrust of jet flow

The compressor section consists of blades called

stator blades and rotor blades which form divergent passageways

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PP 207 Final Study

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Answers

1
The exhaust section produces maximum thrust for:
turbofan engines
turbo prop engines
turbojet engines
helicopter engines
2
How is the turbine speed controlled in a turboshaft engine?
Through a free turbine system
Using variable geometry turbines
With a fixed geometry turbine
By adjusting fuel flow
3
Which Newton's law explains the thrust creation in propellers?
Newton's law of universal gravitation
Newton's 2nd law of motion
Newton's 1st law of motion
Newton's 3rd law of motion
4
What bearing type handles only radial loads?
Spherical roller bearing
Ball bearing
Carbon seal
Roller bearing
5
Which component in a turboshaft engine compresses air and sends it to the combustion chamber?
The combustion section
The turbine section
The gearbox section
The compressor section
6
Regarding the operation of reciprocating engines & turbine engines identify the correct statement from the options below
Recip engines follow the Otto cycle turbine engines use the Brayton cycle
Turbine engines use the Otto cycle recip engines follow the Brayton cycle
7
How is wear measured in oil condition monitoring?
By the amount of material (debris) carried away by the lubricant
By the noise level of the engine
By the speed of moving surfaces
By the temperature of the lubricant
8
The Air Bleed Leak Detection System monitors all Air Ducts in the system
True, if a leak in a Duct is detected it is closed off
True, if a leak in a Duct is detected all Ducts are closed off
9
The ratio of inlet to outlet pressure of a turbine engine is referred to as
compressor pressure ratio
inlet to outlet pressure ratio
turbine pressure ratio
cold section to hot section ratio
10
Which of these describes the Turbine Engine requirement of Durability?
Engine longevity must run efficiently 4 extended period b4 needing overhaul
Mfr guarantee full engine testing & strict oversight of prod & assy
Engine performance smooth operation across all speed from idle 2 full power
11
The "Otto Cycle" created by reciprocating piston engines means?
Combustion is a continuous cycle
Combustion occurs when the spark plug ignites fuel/air mix
Combustion is from displacing non-air-breathing gases
Combustion is an intermittent cycle
12
What is the primary function of the diffuser in the combustion process?
cools down the compressor discharge air
increases the velocity of compressor discharge air
reduces the velocity and increases pressure of compressor discharge air
filters impurities from the compressor discharge air
13
What advantage do blades crafted from cast Nimonic alloys offer?
increased electrical conductivity
flexibility at low temperatures
decreased weight for better fuel efficiency
corrosion resistance & high performance under stress and high temperatures
14
What is the primary function of the turbine section in the Allison 250 engine?
To house crucial bearings for radial support
To reduce engine noise
To compress air
To mix fuel and air
15
Where is the diffuser located in a gas turbine engine?
after the turbine section
between the compressor and combustion section
between the combustion and turbine section
between the air inlet and compressor section
16
How is a free turbine in a turboshaft engine typically driven?
Electrically
By exhaust gases
Mechanically, linked to the engine's main rotor shaft
Hydraulically
17
What is the primary function of the lubrication system in engine health monitoring?
To minimize direct surface contact and reduce wear
To completely eliminate wear
To detect engine failures
To increase direct surface contact
18
What role does the combustor liner play?
It reduces the engine's noise level
It has varied perforations for flame distribution
It acts as a filter for pollutants
It controls the direction of exhaust gases
19
The APU can be started in which manner? Select all that apply.
Main engine
Electric start, 28 VDC engaged by the APUC
Pneumatic turbine starter @ 22 psi
All of the above
20
What is the role of couplings in turboshaft engines?
To connect different engine sections
To increase power output
To enhance fuel efficiency
To allow independent movement of engine and rotor gearbox
21
Which of these is not a reason for why Thrust is needed for flight?
For producing wing lift
To overcome aircraft weight
To create aircraft drag
To generate aircraft speed
22
What is the primary function of the reduction gear assembly in a turboprop engine?
Increase the engine rpm to match the propeller rpm
Control the fuel flow to the engine
Generate electrical power for the aircraft systems
Reduce the engine rpm to a suitable level for the propeller
23
How does a turboshaft engine's free turbine contribute to its operation?
By enabling optimal speed management
By increasing fuel efficiency
By generating additional thrust
By reducing engine noise
24
The comparison between engine exhaust pressure and compressor inlet pressure is known as:
CCR - Creedance Clearwater Ratio
PPC - Pressure to Pressure Comparison
EPR - Engine Pressure Ratio
ECP - Exhaust to Compressor Pressure
25
What type of coupling is used in the Thomas coupling?
Rubber bushings
Magnetic couplers
Steel discs
Hydraulic couplers
26
The Air/Oil Heat Exchanger cools the Lubrication System oil.
False, oil cools the Compressor air
True, air cools the heated oil
27
What is the Failure Detection Period (FDP) typically associated with?
The time from initial rupture to failure
The maintenance schedule for the engine
The lifespan of the lubricant
The time from engine start to full operation
28
Turbofan engines divide Intake air into two separate airflows.
False, all Intake air is utilized for powering accessory systems
True, Primary air for engine & Secondary bypass air
29
What is the primary purpose of the turbine assembly in an aircraft engine?
drive the compressor section
drive the exhaust section
drive the accessories section
drive the combustion section
30
What seal allows tight clearances by self-machining?
Labyrinth seal
Screwback seal
Abradable seal
Carbon seal
31
What is one of the main pollutants found in the exhaust gases of a gas turbine engine?
Methane
Lead particles
Oxides of nitrogen
Sulfur dioxide
32
What advantage does spectrometric oil analysis (SOA) offer?
It can indicate the possible source of wear
It decreases the lubricant's viscosity
It reduces the load on engine components
It increases the temperature of the lubricant
33
What seal type uses helical grooves to return oil?
Multi-groove seal
Screwthread seal
Abradable seal
Screwback seal
34
Which of these describes the Turbine Engine principle of Kinetic Energy?
Also known as Dynamic Pressure, meaning Pressure caused by moving fluid
Also known as Static Pressure, meaning Pressure of an unmoving fluid
Measured by placing a Pitot Tube in airflow
35
What seal type uses a spring-loaded carbon surface?
Abradable seal
Screwback seal
Carbon seal
Labyrinth seal
36
A Turbofan Jet Engine has separate Turbines to drive a fan to produce Thrust.
True, there are 2 types Low and High bypass
False, that is a Turbofan engine that produces Torque.
37
How is the expansion and contraction of the turbine blade casing actively controlled?
with a cooling air supply system automated by FADEC
by varying the fuel supply to the engine
through manual adjustment by the pilot
mechanical springs that adjust the casing size automatically
38
Where is the impulse section located on a turbine blade?
on the trailing edge of the blade
at the tip of the blade
middle section of the blade
at the root of the blade
39
Non-air-breathing engines have their own â Oxidizersâ for creating propulsion?
False Air-breathing eng utilizes Oxidizer to run aircraft accessory systems
True, this allows Rockets to operate beyond airâ s atmosphere
40
What system provides cooling air to the bearings?
Lubrication system
Hydraulic system
Fuel system
Ignition system
41
What creates pressure to force oil towards the bearing across the primary seal?
Screwback seal
Oil pump
Labyrinth seal
Venting the chambers
42
What provides cooling and lubrication for engine bearings?
Cooling air
Oil jets
Fuel
Combustion gases
43
How much of the total airflow passed into the combustion chamber via the diffuser is used 4 combustion (primary) airflow
10%
20%
40%
60%
44
The purpose of tertiary air flow in the combustion process is to:
mix with fuel for combustion
cool down gasses for the turbine
reduce emissions
shape the flame
45
In a turboshaft engine, what is the output shaft driven by?
A hydraulic system
An independent electric motor
The engine's main rotor shaft
The engine turbine or a free turbine
46
What is 'Ram Recovery' in the context of air inlets?
Conversion of air velocity to pressure at the compressor face
Recovery of engine efficiency at high altitudes
The process of cooling the engine
Recovery of engine power after a stall
47
What is the primary function of a propeller in an aircraft?
Stabilize the aircraft during flight
Increase the aircraft's altitude
Control the direction of the aircraft
Convert engine torque into thrust via rotating blades
48
How are magnetic probes useful in detecting wear particles?
They catch wear particles made of ferrous metals
They reduce the viscosity of the lubricant
They increase the lubricant's effectiveness
They measure the speed of moving surfaces
49
In a turboprop aircraft engine configuration, how is thrust primarily obtained?
from mechanical connection between the gas generator and power turbine
90% from the propeller, 10% from residual thrust of jet flow
equally from the propeller and jet flow
100% from residual thrust of jet flow
50
The compressor section consists of blades called
stator blades which rotate with the engine spool
rotor blades which are attached to the compressor casing
rotor blades which may be shrouded or unshrouded
stator blades and rotor blades which form divergent passageways
51
Which type of engines share similar principles and sometimes designs with turboshaft engines?
Piston engines
Turboprop engines
Turbojet engines
Rocket engines
52
What type of gear train is used in the Rolls Royce Gem Engine?
Helical gear train
Two-stage epicyclic gear train
Single-stage planetary gear train
Bevel gear train
53
What are the two basic types of wear particles used for early failure detection?
Filtered particles and unfiltered particles
Normal wear particles and surface failure particles
Lubricant particles and metal particles
Normal wear particles and abnormal wear particles
54
What is the primary function of compressors in gas turbine engines?
generate thrust
reduce engine noise
provide high-pressure air for engine power and auxiliary services
drive the turbine
55
Which of these describes the Turbine Engine requirement of Reliability?
Engine longevity must run efficiently 4 extended period b4 needing overhaul
Engine performance smooth operation across all speed from idle 2 full power
Mfr guarantee full engine testing & strict oversight of prod & assy
56
Which blade attachment method allows for free movement of the blade in the slot to accommodate for expansion from heat?
De Laval Bulb
BMW Hollow Blade
Fir Tree
Locking Screw
57
What does the analysis of debris collected from filters help with?
Increasing the lubricant's temperature
Dictating the need for component replacement due to wear
Reducing the predictive maintenance capability
Decreasing the engine's operational efficiency
58
'Engine Cold Soak' is when an APU is inactive in cold temps. for an extended period of time.
True, electric heaters are used to reduce 'oil drag' caused by cold temp.
False, an APU is also a heater itself with a Combustion Chamber
59
Why is active blade tip clearance control essential in aircraft engine operation?
Minimize blade-tip gap for ensured positive clearance.
maximize the gap between the blade tip and casing for increased airflow
reduce weight of engine by minimizing the amount of metal used in casing
allow for the maximum expansion of the blades during flight
60
What are the main components that make up a turboprop engine?
Compressor, combustion chambers, turbine, and exhaust nozzle
Jet nozzles and afterburners
Fuel pump and hydraulic system
Piston engine and carburetor
61
What does the term "creep" refer to in the context of turbine blades?
physical bending of the blades due to air pressure
continuous extension of turbine blades under load
change in blade material properties at high temperatures
process of gradual wear and tear of the blades over time
62
What % of airflow in the combustion chamber is tertiary airflow, used for gas cooling and flame tube film cooling?
10%
60%
40%
20%
63
What is the core functionality of the "Gas Generator" in a turboprop engine?
Involves air intake, diffuser, combustor, & turbines 2 drive the compressor
Controls the aircraft's navigation and communication systems
Generates electrical power for the aircraft
Responsible for fuel injection and ignition only
64
The fuel system APU of a Boeing 777 is in the Left Wing.
True, a DC Pump fuels the APU
False, it is in the Right Wing
True, a AC or DC Pump fuels the APU
True, a AC Pump fuels the APU
65
Which contaminants are considered harmful to the lubrication system?
Only non-ferrous metals
Only solid particles
Air and nitrogen
Hydraulic fluid, jet fuel, and water
66
What are two categories of Turbine Engine types?
Air accelerating, Ram-air pulsing
Non-air-breathing (Rocket), Air-breathing Reaction
Nozzle discharging, Velocity Propelling
Atmospheric Propulsion, Fuel Combustion
67
Which of the following is Newton's 3rd Law of Motion?
Motionâ s opposite reaction is equal to mass times velocity.
Force produced on an object is proportional to mass times acceleration
An object will stay at rest or motion unless acted on by an external force
To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
68
What is the function of the reduction gearbox in the Allison 250 engine?
To reduce the turbine's rotational speed for blade operation
To increase the turbine's rotational speed
To manage the air intake to the compressor
To control the temperature of the engine
69
Which engines are Thrust producing?
Turbojet, Turboprop
Turbofan, Turboshaft
Turbojet, Turbofan
Turboprop, Turboshaft
70
The Convergent-divergent Duct causes an increase in gas Velocity creating Propelling Nozzle Thrust for the aircraft.
False, the duct decreases Velocity to create Braking Horsepower (bhp)
True Shockwave forms duct entry & Gas flow thru it @ the Speed of Sound
71
What are the three types of turbine blades discussed?
vortex, centrifugal, and axial
impulse, reaction, and reaction-impulse
centrifugal, axial, and mixed-flow
impulse, reaction, and vortex
72
How are turboshaft engines typically rated?
In kilowatts
In shaft horsepower (shp)
In cubic capacity
In pounds of thrust
73
Which component in a turboshaft engine reduces speed from high rpm to rotor speed?
Turbine blades
Fuel injector
Main rotor gearbox
Compressor
74
Which of these describes the Turbine Engine requirement of Operating Flexibility?
Engine longevity must run efficiently 4 extended period b4 needing overhaul
Engine performance smooth operation across all speed from idle 2 full power
Mfr guarantee full engine testing & strict oversight of prod & assy
75
What engine stages is the Engine Bleed Air Supply supplied from?
High Pressure (HP) Stage, Air which is used in aircraft descent
Intermediate Pressure (IP) Stage Air, which used in takeoff, climb & cruise
Both are correct
I have no fck clue
76
What are the sources of hot pressurized air use in the Bleed Air Systems?
Engine, APU, Ground air source
APU, Intake, Ground air source
Engine, APU, Intake
77
Which of the following is not a basic arrangement of combustion chambers?
multi-can system
annular system
cannular type
axial-flow system
78
Which engines are Torque producing?
Turbofan, Turboshaft
Turbojet, Turboprop
Turbojet, Turbofan
Turboprop, Turboshaft
79
What range of shaft horsepower do turboprop engines typically provide for single, twin, and commuter aircraft?
5,000 to 10,000 shaft horsepower
2,000 to 5,000 shaft horsepower
100 to 500 shaft horsepower
500 to 2,000 shaft horsepower
80
Which technique is not as accurate as SOA but still used in monitoring engine health?
Lubricant viscosity measurement
Electrical resistance technique
Visual inspection
Magnetic probe detection
81
What is the function of air inlets in gas turbine engines?
cool the engine
release exhaust gases
fuel combustion
deliver air to the compressor at optimal velocity and pressure
82
A Turbojet is a jet engine with an output shaft that is drive by the turbine
False
True
83
The Allison-Signal APU on a Boeing 777 is located near the main engine
False, it is in the Tail Cone with the Exhaust at the side rear
True, to provide engine fail backup & utilizes the main Intake air
84
What is a characteristic of a fixed pitch propeller?
Pitch is adjusted hydraulically
Has only one pitch setting
Change pitch during flight
Primarily used in high-powered jet engines
85
What type of gearing is necessary at the output drive of a turboshaft engine?
Multi-stage gearing
Speed-increasing gearing
Constant-speed gearing
Reduction gearing
86
The key difference between a fixed turbine and a free turbine is the use of a reduction gear box.
True
False
87
Rotor blade attachment is typically:
solid root
fir tree
all of the above
dovetail root
88
These are all factors that affect airflow through a turbine engine except?
ambient air density
aircraft forward speed
throttle position in the flight deck
RPM
89
What is unique about the turbines in turboprop engines compared to other gas turbine engines?
Powered solely by the combustion chambers
Only drive the compressor and not the propeller
Additional stages for enhanced energy extraction
Fewer stages and lower energy extraction
90
What is the purpose of the shrouds located at the tips of turbine blades?
increase the aerodynamic profile of the blades
sharpen the blade tips for improved cutting action
balance the turbine and reduce vibrations
minimize gas leakage and allow for thermal expansion
91
What feature is commonly found in the gearbox of a reduction gear assembly?
Cooling system to reduce gearbox temperature
Propeller brake to prevent windmilling when the propeller is feathered
Turbocharger to increase engine efficiency
Mechanism for altering the pitch of the propeller blades
92
Which of these is not a valve close condition of the Engine Bleed Air Supply System?
Duct leak
Cabin pressure loss
Source loss
Over-temp or pressure
93
Which type of combustion chamber system is characterized by a shorter length and more efficient emissions control?
annular system
multi-can system
single chamber system
turbo-annular system
94
In axial flow compressors, what is the primary purpose of the stator blades?
Increase the air temperature
Rotate to compress the air
Reduce the speed of the air
Direct the air to the next rotor stage
95
What is the typical air/fuel ratio for efficient burning in a gas turbine engine's combustion process?
10:1
15:1
20:1
5:1
96
What type of bearing can handle both radial and axial loads?
Spherical roller bearing
Roller bearing
Screwback seal
Ball bearing
97
Which of these describes the Turbine Engine principle of Total Energy?
Also known as Dynamic Pressure, meaning Pressure caused by moving fluid
Also known as Static Pressure, meaning Pressure of an unmoving fluid
Measured by placing a Pitot Tube in airflow
98
What type of seal allows shaft rotation while retaining oil?
Labyrinth seal
Self-clearing seal
Oil slinger
Carbon seal
99
What does predictive maintenance in engine health monitoring help with?
Forecasting when a component will require attention or replacement
Reducing the effectiveness of the lubricant
Increasing the lubricant's viscosity
Increasing the load on engine components
100
What is the purpose of a secondary air seal?
Prevent oil fires
Reduce wear
All listed
Improved cooling
101
What is the common application of turboshaft engines?
Private small aircraft
Helicopters and Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) in large aircraft
Commercial jetliners
Sea vessels
102
Which of these describes the Turbine Engine principle of Pressure Energy?
Also known as Dynamic Pressure, meaning Pressure caused by moving fluid
Measured by placing a Pitot Tube in airflow
Also known as Static Pressure, meaning Pressure of an unmoving fluid
103
Which of the following is Newton's 2nd Law of Motion?
Motionâ s opposite reaction is equal to mass times velocity.
Force produced on an object is proportional to mass times acceleration
An object will stay at rest or motion unless acted on by an external force
To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
104
The "Brayton Cycle" created by Turbine engines means?
Combustion is an intermittent cycle
Combustion occurs when the spark plug ignites fuel/air mix
Combustion is from displacing non-air-breathing gases
Combustion is a continuous cycle
105
Since ice may form on an inlet of a turbine engine, warm air from the _____ is bled into the inlet and IGV if used.
combustion section
turbine
exhaust
compressor
106
What is the function of the gimbal and flanged couplings in a turboshaft engine?
To manage fuel consumption
To act as a torque reaction point
To increase engine power
To enhance air flow
107
In the Allison 250 engine, what stages does the compressor section consist of?
Six-stage axial and single-stage centrifugal
Four-stage axial
Single-stage axial
Two-stage axial and two-stage centrifugal
108
What aspect of turboshaft engines is critical for fine balancing?
High fuel efficiency
Minimization of vibration
Maximum power output
Low operational temperatures
109
To understand jet engine propulsion, we must be aware of the laws of Physics for Masses & Gases.
False
True
110
What does the combustion section in the Allison 250 engine consist of?
Annular combustion chamber
Multiple can-type combustion chambers
Dual combustion chambers
Single reverse-flow stainless steel combustion chamber
111
Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) are small jet engines that generate power for what services?
Mechanical, Electrical, Hydraulic
Pneumatics, Electrical, Fuel
Pneumatics, Electrical, Hydraulic
Fuel, Electrical, Hydraulic
112
What primarily differentiates a turboshaft engine from a turboprop engine?
The delivery of power through a shaft for non-propelling operations
Higher fuel efficiency
The use of jet propulsion
Smaller engine size

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