The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...

you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression

Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...

a variety of environmental factors

blocks the action of neurotransmitters

A valid test is one that...

measures what it is supposed to measure

You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which

demonstrates an illusory correlation

If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...

the other boy started it and he was defending himself

Anhedonia is when a person...

has difficulty experiencing pleasure

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AP Psychology - AP Exam Review

150 termsStudBud Administration118 plays

A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 150

Answers

1
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
mescaline
marijuana
cocaine
heroin
2
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
the internal state causes the facial expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
3
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
conditioned emotional reactions
4
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
bottom-to-top processing
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
5
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
suppression
avoidance
neurogenic amnesia
repression
6
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
reasoning
creativity
intelligence
7
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
psychoanalysis
functionalism
behaviorism
neodynamism
8
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
changes in testing procedures
a variety of environmental factors
group differences in basic intelligence
genetic influences on IQ
9
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
limbic system
reticular formation
brainstem
cerebellum
10
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
attention
sensation
perception
processing
11
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
reiteration
recall
relearning
recognition
12
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the autonomic nervous system
memory
feeding
the endocrine system
13
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
spontaneous remission
conditioned forgetting
extinction
unconditioning
14
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
reticular formation
endocrine system
15
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
display rules
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
the reciprocity norm
16
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a compulsion
an obsession
a delusion
a phobia
17
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
alpha
gamma
delta
beta
18
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
positive reinforcement
observational learning
classical conditioning
superstitious behavior
19
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
personality
attachment
temperament
behavioral quality
20
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
encoded
modeled
ablated
21
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
tree-bird
boat-goat
car-nose
fill-feed
22
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 2
REM
stage 1
stage 4
23
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
light purity
saturation
color
brightness
24
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the control group
the correlational group
the experimental group
the observational group
25
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Sperry's area
Cannon's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
26
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in agreeableness
low in openness
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
27
An antagonist...
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
28
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
hearing a sound
seeing a flash of light
smelling an odor
moving a part of his body
29
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender roles
gender stereotypes
gender behaviors
gender differences
30
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
episodic memories
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
flashbulb memories
31
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
longitundinal
time of testing
sequential
cross-sectional
32
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
bipolar
unipolar
cyclical
dissociative
33
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
is reliable
34
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a self-serving attribution
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a contravened stereotype
a heuristic observation
35
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
phonemic
morphemic
platonic
mnemonic
36
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
humanistic
cognitive
behavioral
psychoanalytic
37
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a developmental psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a social psychologist
38
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
bipolar disorder
marital problems
schizophrenia
anxiety disorders
39
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
reinforcement
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
40
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
spatial
mechanical
musical
logical-mathemathical
41
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he always gets in fights
he's just like his father
42
Anhedonia is when a person...
has trouble getting along with people
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
experiences mild manic states
has two different psychological disorders
43
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
law of small numbers
availability heuristic
conjunction heuristic
representativeness heuristic
44
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
means
percentiles
standard deviation
correlation coefficients
45
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
midpoint
median
mode
mean
46
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
occipital cortex
hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex
medulla
47
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the relative threshold period
transduction capacity
the absolute refractory period
transduction incapacity
48
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
syntax
linguistic heuristics
phonemes
morphemes
49
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
coping mechanisms
defense mechanisms
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
50
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
thalamus
parietal lobe
pineal gland
corpus callosum
51
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
instinct theory
incentive theory
drive theory
52
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
strange situation
attachment probing
shared inhibition
secure-avoidant
53
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
the personal qualities of the residents
crowded living conditions
poor police protection
job discrimination experienced by the residents
54
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
corpus callosum
medulla
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
55
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
resistance to pain
reduction of inhibitions
total loss of personal control
hallucinations
56
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
maladaptive behaviors
irrational thoughts
the unconscious
the conscious
57
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a sedative
an amphetamine
a narcotic
a hallucinogen
58
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a behavior rating
a projective test
a self-report inventory
a deceptive test
59
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
fluid
crystallized
episodic
procedural
60
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
hallucinations
delusions
obsessions
illusions
61
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
deindividuation
conformity
social loafing
group polarization
62
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
63
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
positron emission tomography
computerized tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
electrographic tomography
64
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
schematizing
cultural direction
stereotypes
cognitive structuring
65
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
66
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
gonads
thyroid
pituitary
thalamus
67
What is cognitive dissonance?
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
68
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
display rules
social scripts
parental investments
investment differentiations
69
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
personality
anxiety
mood
schizophrenic
70
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous wakefulness
become fearful/cautious
become aggressive
remain in continuous sleep
71
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
72
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
encephalitis
the cephalopedal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
the proximodistal trend
73
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
G. Stanley Hall
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Rene Decartes
74
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold information for a lifetime
put information into long-term memory
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
75
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
sensory
intermediate-term
long-term
short-term
76
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
avoidance learning
positive reinforcement
escape learning
an unconditioned response
77
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological instability
physiological instability
psychological stability
physiological stability
78
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the unconscious
conscious experience
behavior
the brain
79
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
consciousness
perception
hypnosis
sensation
80
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
panic disorder
fugue
bipolar disorder
conversion disorder
81
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
chunk
schema
script
semantic network
82
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
opiates
prenatals
pathogens
83
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the representativeness heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the availability heuristic
use a holistic decision model
84
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
latent learning
85
What is somnambulism?
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-walking
86
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
tie shoe laces
sing a song
print letters
fear the dark
87
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
88
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
a personality test
an achievement test
89
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a distinctive attribution
a situational attribution
an internal attribution
an external attribution
90
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
dopamine
endorphin
serotonin
acetylcholine
91
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
92
Framing refers to...
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting irrelevant information
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
93
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
stereotypes
self-serving bias
attributions
prejudices
94
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
sciatic receptors
smell buds
olfactory cilia
gustatory bulbs
95
A perceptual set implies that...
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
people often see what they expect to see
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
96
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
attributionism
individualism
collectivism
functionalism
97
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
partial storage
partial retrieval
complete storage failure
98
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
similiarity
closure
constancy
symmetry
99
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scores
test levels
test scales
test norms
100
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
lens
cornea
vitreous humor
iris
101
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
displacement
compensation
fixation
regression
102
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
reversibility
conservation
centration
egocentrism
103
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
halo effect in aggression
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
basis for performing pro-social behavior
104
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
abstract operations
logical reasoning
systematic hypothesis testing
physical interaction
105
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
absolute
criterion-related
content
construct
106
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
loud noise
rabbit
rat
107
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
108
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
exposure to light
amount of time awake
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
109
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
standardized; intelligence
personality; standardized
intelligence; personality
intelligence; standardized
110
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
shaping
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
selection
111
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were put into a simulated prison
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
112
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
been dreaming
not been dreaming
a headache
not really been asleep
113
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
light
salivation
food/meat powder
114
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
sleep apnea
pseudoinsomnia
narcolepsy
insomnia
115
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
action potentials
agonists
antagonists
neurotransmitters
116
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
groupthink
conformity
obedience
cognitive dissonance
117
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
118
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
post-conventional moral reasoning
development of secondary sex characteristics
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
formal operations
119
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
aggressiveness
social charm
manipulative behavior
excessive guilt
120
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
surprise
fear
sadness
happiness
121
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
lesioning
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
tumor ligation
122
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
timbre
pitch
decibels
loudness
123
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
censoring dissent from group members
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
124
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
intelligence
mentalism
cognition
125
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
mental age
a percentile score
a potential score
IQ
126
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
autonomic nerves
sympathetic nerves
afferent nerves
efferent nerves
127
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
psychological tests
physiological recordings
direct observation
questionnaires
128
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
just noticeable difference
absolute threshold
129
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
sedatives
narcotics
cannabis
alcohol
130
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
postconventional
conventional
concrete
preconventional
131
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retroactive interference
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
132
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
state-dependent learning
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
133
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
134
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
thalamus
cortex
location of injury
135
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-ratio schedule
136
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
give cookie
i wanted a cookie
I eated a cookie
cookie
137
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
content validity
standardized validity
138
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
anal
latency
genital
oral
139
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
stirrup
temporal lobe
oval window
cochlea
140
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
wish fulfillment theory
None of the Above
problem-solving theory
activation-synthesis theory
141
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
overextension
semantic slanting
fast-mapping
metalinguistic awareness
142
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
conflict
frustration
pressure
change
143
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
144
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
attitude is to action
145
The superego is Freud's term for...
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the moral component of personality
the conscious aspect of personality
146
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a just noticeable difference
subliminal perception
a superimposed stimulus
a false alarm
147
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
sebaceous gland
pancreas
thyroid gland
pituitary gland
148
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
predictability
accuracy of inference
representativeness
149
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
avoidance therapy
psychotherapy
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
150
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
classical conditioning
observational learning
punishment
operant conditioning

AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud