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Bio143_S_EXAM3_REVIEW_AL Flashcards | StudBud
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Bio143_S_EXAM3_REVIEW_AL
Bio143_S_EXAM3_REVIEW_AL
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1
What type of distribution occurs if we have abundant & evenly spaced resources?
Random
Uniform
Clumped
2
Parasites with more than 1 host are called
Holoparasites
Kleptoparasites
Polyphagous
Macroparasites
3
What is intraspecific competition?
Competition in which two species share the same niche
Competition occuring when organisms compete indirectly for same resources
Competition between members of different species
Competition between members of the same species
4
What is amensalism competition?
One organism is harmed, other benefits
One organism is harmed, other is unaffected
Both organims benefit
One organism benefits, other is unaffected
5
Aspen trees that are really close together are an example of ___________ population distribution.
Uniform
Clumped
Random
6
The fact that deer and kangaroos have similar appearance, behaviors, and ecosystem roles is likely an example of
Allen's rule
Convergent evolution
Sympatric speciation
Divergent evolution
7
When one or both individuals benefit from the relationship but it's not required for their survival it is called
Amensalism
Facilitation
Obligate mutualism
Facultative mutualism
8
Which of the following is an r-selected trait?
High competitive ability
Low number of reproductive events per lifetime
Few numbers of offspring per reproductive event
Low intrinsic rate of increase
9
What is the currency of energy exchange in ecosystems?
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Oxygen
Carbon
10
Ticks are ectoparasites because they...
Have more than one host
Are hosts for lyme disease
Live entirely outside the host
Derive all of their energy and nutrients from the host
11
Which of the following represents the order of the size of carbon stock, from smallest to largest?
Atmosphere, soil, rocks, ocean
Ocean, atmosphere, soil, rocks
Atmosphere, soil, ocean, rocks
Ocean, rocks, soil, atmosphere
12
As N approaches K...
dN/dt approaches 1, resulting in a large growth rate
dN/dt approaches infinity, resulting in a large growth rate
dN/dt approaches 0, resulting in a small growth rate
dN/dt approaches 1, resulting in a small growth rate
13
The study of how an individual species relates to its environment is called
Autecology
Community ecology
Synecology
Habitat ecology
14
What does functional redundancy allow for?
Multiple ecosystem functions to be realized
Overlapping function and a stabilized ecosystem
Repopulation after extinction events
All available niches to be fully utilized, limiting species invasion
15
How much energy is transferred to the next trophic level?
78%
10%
99%
90%
16
If resources are abundant and evenly spaced, you would expect to see
Clustered distribution
Clumped distributed
Random distribution
Uniform distribution
17
Which type of species is more likely to become invasive?
r-selected
K-selected
18
If both of these butterflies are toxic this is an example of
An intimidation display
Mullerian mimicry
Batesian mimicry
Cryptic coloration
19
Assuming logistic growth, if N at time, t, equals 500, r equals 3, and K=500, the population at time t+1 will be?
600
500
300
100
20
What is an example of apparent competition?
Moose & white-tailed deer
Lichen
Clownfish & anemones
Penicillin
21
Why do cows have a higher assimilation efficiency than horses?
Cows are endotherms
Hind-gut fermenters are more efficient at digestion than ruminants
Ruminants are more efficient at digestion than hind-gut fermenters
Cows are ectotherms
22
What does biodiversity allow for?
Repopulation after extinction events
Multiple ecosystem functions to be realized
Overlapping function and a stabilized ecosystem
All available niches to be fully utilized, limiting species invasion
23
What is interferene competition?
Two species share the same (or nearly the same niche) niche/resource needs
Organisms compete directly through force or intimidation
Organisms compete indirectly for the same limited resources
Interactions between organisms that affect both organisms negatively
24
What is interspecific competition?
Competition between members of the same species
Competition in which two species share the same niche
Competition between members of different species
Competition occuring when organisms compete indirectly for same resources
25
Define ecosystem goods
Tangible items that are produced by ecosystems
The timing of biological events
The study of how organisms relate to one another, and to their environment
Processes that are supported by ecosystems & provide benefit to humans
26
Which is an example of a clumped distribution of a population?
Single individuals of multiple species meet at the waterhole to drink
Antelope travel in herds
A tree species that has its trees spaced evenly like a grid
2 male hummingbirds have a fight on the border between their territories
27
Which of the following depends on the host for some resources, but they do photosynthesize
Kleptoparasite
Parasitoids
Epiphyte
Hemiparasite
28
Racoons are ________ because they can deal with a broad range of environmental conditions
Specialists
Generalists
Biomes
Species range
29
Meta-populations result in
Unstable species
Stable species
No coming back from extinction events
Decreased genetic diversity
30
How do organisms deal with constraints on their survival and reproductive success? (Multiple may apply)
Adjust their physiology (i.e.: by shedding in the spring)
Adjust their behavior
Adjust their spatial distribution
Adjust their temporal distribution (timing)
31
Autotrophs...
are primary consumers
do not photosynthesize
make their own energy
are always at the top trophic level
32
What is the maximum amount of animals that can be supported by an ecosystem called?
Autecology
Competition
Carrying capacity
Phenology
33
Which of the following is an ecosystem service?
Outdoor recreation
Precious metals
Water
Crops
34
As N approaches 0...
dN/dt approaches positive infinity, resulting in a large growth rate
dN/dt approaches negative infinity, resulting in a negative growth rate
dN/dt approches 1, resulting in a stagnant growth rate
dN/dt approaches 0, resulting in a small growth rate
35
A relationship where at least one organism is benefitted and neither is harmed is called
Mutualism
Amensalism
Symbiosis
Facilitation
36
All of the living organisms in an area is called a
Communnity
Meta-population
Population
Biome
37
What is exploitation?
Organisms compete directly through force or intimidation
Two species share the same (or nearly the same niche) niche/resource needs
Organisms compete indirectly for the same limited resources
Interactions between organisms that affect both organisms negatively
38
Which of the following ecological pyramids can NOT be inverted?
Pyramid of numbers
Pyramid of biomass
Pyramid of productivity
Any of these can be inverted
39
Competition for resources creates __________ population distribution.
Clumped
Uniform
Random
Universal
40
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in plant roots is an example of what type of mutualism?
Endosymbiotic
Cleaning
Resource-based
Defensive
41
The theory that if one species goes extinct, the whole ecosystem won't fall apart is called
Liebig's law of the minimum
Intermediate disturbance hypothesis
The rivet hypothesis
The portfolio effect
42
Species that form the structure of an ecosystem, drive ecosystem function, and modulate energy are called
Ecosystem engineers
Common species
Keystone species
Dominant species
43
Select the density independent factors.
Food, water, disease
Water purification, photosynthesis, outdoor recreation
Gold, silver, steel
Volcanic eruptions, hurricane, tsunami
44
An area that has been depleted of oxygen due to eutrophication is called
A dead zone
Runoff
A closed system
The rivet hypothesis
45
What is competition?
Organisms compete directly through force or intimidation
Organisms compete indirectly for the same limited resources
Interactions between organisms that affect both organisms negatively
Two species share the same (or nearly the same niche) niche/resource needs
46
Parasites that derive all of their energy and nutrients from the host are called
Macroparasites
Hemiparasites
Endoparasites
Holoparasites
47
What is competitive exclusion?
Two species share the same (or nearly the same niche) niche/resource needs
Interactions between organisms that affect both organisms negatively
Organisms compete directly through force or intimidation
Organisms compete indirectly for the same limited resources
48
The trade-off between investments in current reproduction & in growth that promotes future reproduction is called
The total cost of adaptation
The total cost of reproduction
The total cost of selection
The total cost of evolution
49
What does the Law of Tolerance state?
The physical environment limits the distribution of a species
The ecology of an individual species relationship to its environment
The timing of biological events
The environmental conditions negatively affect the distribution of species
50
Which of the following scenarios would result in a clumped distribution of organisms?
Short-distance seed dispersal
Bottom-up regulation
Evenly distributed and abundant resources
Competition for scarce resources
51
Which of the following is a K-selected trait?
Low competitive ability
Many reproductive events per lifetime
High intrinsic rate of increase
Small body size
52
Why is consumption efficiency higher in grasslands than in forests?
More of the vegetation in grasslands is edible
Grasslands are more abundant than forests are
Grass is better at storing carbon than trees are
Ruminants are more efficient at digestion than hing-gut fermenters
53
Large animals that are regulated by food is also known as
Keystone species
Top-Down regulation
Ecosystem engineers
Bottom-Up regulation
54
The cows in the Southwest that eat miskeet tree pods and desposit the seeds across the land are an example of
Dispersive mutualism
Endosymbiotic mutualism
Parasitoids
Defensive Mutualism
55
What is apparent competition?
2 species share a common predator or parasite
2 organisms compete directly using force or intimidation
competition between 2 species where each consumes a limited resource
2 species share the same resource needs
56
Which of the following is a reason that a healthy metapopulation results in more stable global numbers for a species?
A metapopulation is more likely to include a keystone species
Organisms can escape predators more easily
It reduces the amount of habitat fragmentation
Local extinctions can be reestablished
57
Phosphorous occurs in high levels in
ATP
The atmosphere
All of these
The soil
58
Increasing species richness may result in
More year to year variation in biomass
Increased invasion by introduced species
Greater nitrogen uptake
Increased susceptibility to biomass decline during drought years
59
What type of symbiotic relationship are ephiphytes an example of?
Commensalism
Facilitation
Parasitism
Mutualism
60
How can species overcome competitive exclusion?
Close alignment between species niches
Species adaptations to partition an overlapping niche
Playing rock, paper, scissors
Uniform organism spacing
61
Productivity in an ecosystem is limited by the most limiting factor. This is called...
1st law of thermodynamics
Law of tolerance
2nd law of thermodynamics
Liebig's law of the minimum
62
Which of the following is NOT an adaptation organisms use to avoid predation?
Cryptic coloration
Chemical defenses
Adjusting species range northward due to inhospitable rising temperatures
Aposematic coloration
63
The study of how organisms relate to one another, and to their environment is called...
Autecology
Biotic potential
Phenology
Ecology
64
Any factor that is reduced in availability to a population as the number of the population goes up is a...
Intimidation factor
Secondary metabolite
Density independent factor
Density dependent factor
65
If a hurricane drastically reduces a population's size, how would you describe the situation?
The population can now act as a source metapopulation
The new population size is a result of density-independent regulation
The new population size is a result of density-dependent regulation
The biotic potential of the population has been reduced
66
Select the density dependent factors.
Water purification, photosynthesis, outdoor recreation
Food, water, disease
Gold, silver, steel
Volcanic eruptions, hurricane, tsunami
67
Define ecosystem services
The study of how organisms relate to one another, and to their environment
Processes that are supported by ecosystems & provide benefit to humans
Tangible items that are produced by ecosystems
The timing of biological events
68
What is a species range?
Processes that're supported by ecosystems & give benefit to humans
The timing of biological events
The ecology of an individual species relationship to its environments
The geographic area where a species is found
69
________ form the productivity base of the ecosystem
Common species
Alph species
Dominant species
Keystone species
70
What influences a species range? (Multiple may apply)
Environmental factors
Speciation & extinction
71
If the species on the right is a Batesian mimic of the toxic species on the left, then the species on the right is
Shares a common ancestor with the species on the left
Harmless
An example of convergent evolution
Also toxic
72
Small animals regulated by predators are also known as...
Bottom-Up regulation
Ecosystem enginners
Common species
Top-Down regulation
73
Which of the following apply to the bacteria that cause Lyme disease?
Parasitoid
Ectoparasite
Microparasite
Hemiparasite
74
All the production from primary producers is called
NPP
GPP
Assimilation efficiency
Consumption efficiency
75
The rate @ which a population of a given species will increase when no limits are placed on its rate of growth is called
Biotic potential
Logistic growth
Exponential growth
Carrying capacity
76
The fact that when energy changes form, some of it is lost from biological systems as heat is the result of
A trophic cascade
None of these
The first law of thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics
77
Which of the following covers the largest geographic extent?
Home range
Local population
Metapopulation
Species range
78
The timing of biological events is referred to as
Phonology
Phrenology
Phycology
Phenology
79
Organisms that can only survive in very specfic environmental conditions are called
Ecosystem
Species Range
Generalists
Specialists
80
How can nitrogen fixation occur?
Lightning, bacteria, fertilizers
Bacteria, fertilizers, eutrophication
Industrial, bacteria, energy flow
Chemicals, lightning, microparasites
81
Gross primary production minus plant respiration is called
Assimilation efficiency
Consumption efficiency
Production efficiency
Net primary production
82
Interspecific competition is more intense than intraspecific competition.
True
False
83
Primary consumers derive their energy from
primary producers
Primary consumers
A higher trophic level
Secondary consumers
84
What is obligate mutualism?
Both partners improve the supply of some limited resource for the other
One is benefited, the other is unaffected
Both parties require the presence of the other
@ least 1 benefits from the relationship, but can survive w/o eachother
85
Species that have a large impact on an ecosystem relative to their abundance are called
Niches
Common species
Dominant species
Keystone species
