Insulin, enzymes, keratin in hair and nails, hemoglobin

types of active transport

diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

Reduces activation energy in chemical reaction

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Biology 1: Midterm Review

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Midterm review for 2016-17 school year: includes scientific method, lab safety and equipment, biochemistry, cell diversity, cell transport, cell energy, DNA RNA protein, and cell growth

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Questions 88

Answers

1
Carry and transmit genetic information
Lipid
Carbohydrate
Protein
Nucleic acid
2
forms a cell plate to separate cytoplasm
plant cell
animal cell
3
reactants of cellular respiration
C6H12O6, O2
CO2, H2O, ATP
4
cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
prokaryote
eukaryote
5
Examples of proteins
DNA and RNA
steroids, waxes, oils
starch, glycogen, cellulose
Insulin, enzymes, keratin in hair and nails, hemoglobin
6
all organisms have the same amount of chromosomes
false
true
7
longest phase of the cell cycle
s phase
cytokinesis
interphase
mitosis
8
Process that adds water to break down macromolecule
Dehydration synthesis
Hydrolysis
9
first phase of cell respiration where glucose is broken down
glycolysis
Krebs cycle
electron transport chain
10
Location of DNA in a cell, making it the control center
nuclelous
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
nucleus
11
which is the smallest?
prokaryote
eukaryote
virus
12
modifies, repackages, and transports rough draft proteins
ribosome
rough ER
vesicle
Golgi apparatus
13
chromosomes become visible, centrioles form, nucleus disappears
anaphase
telophase
prophase
metaphase
14
protein synthesis
lysosome
Golgi apparatus
ribosome
smooth ER
15
maintaining shape, support, and movement
ribosome
cytoskeleton
vacuole
cell membrane
16
shows banded pattern of DNA for forensics
restriction enzymes
gel electrophoresis
bacterial plasmids
17
Molecule shown in the picture
Nucleic acid
Lipid
Protein
Carbohydrate
18
type of cell in picture
prokaryote
eukaryote
19
can become any type of cell in the body
embryonic
adult
20
Where does the sugar from carbohydrates move to during digestion?
Moves to the bloodstream
Stays in the stomach
Absorbs into bones
21
phospholipid
C
F
H
B
22
types of active transport
diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion
endocytosis and exocytosis
23
factors that affect cell respiration
all of the above
presence of oxygen
temperature
sugar availablity
24
Where is this structure found in a cell?
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Ribosome
25
starch, glycogen, cellulose
Lipid
Carbohydrate
Nucleic Acid
Protein
26
process shown in picture
transcription
translation
DNA replication
27
RNA --> Protein
translation
transcription
28
occurs in humans when oxygen is not present
alcohol fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
29
name of structure
amino acid
monosaccharide
fatty acid
nucleotide
30
type of transport that uses a protein to move materials from high to low concentrations
exocytosis
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
endocyotsis
31
when is oxygen released during photosynthesis?
light dependent
light independent
32
reactants of photosynthesis
CO2, H2O, sun
C6H12O6, O2
33
phase creates the most ATP in aerobic respiration
Krebs cycle
glycolysis
electron transport chain
34
Long-term energy, cushioning, and insulation
Nucleic acid
Lipid
Carbohydrate
Protein
35
cell division in prokaryotes
cell cycle
binary fission
mitosis
36
programmed cell death
telomere
cancer
chromatid
apoptosis
37
Molecule that moves using diffusion
Oxygen
amino acids
glucose
38
Function of enzymes
Reduces activation energy in chemical reaction
Increases activation energy in chemical reaction
Slows down the amount of time a chemical reaction occurs
39
ability to maintain constant or stable internal conditions
respond to stimuli
adaptation
homeostasis
evolution
40
Which factor can denature proteins?
all of the above
temperature
pH
salt concentration
41
Insoluble in water
Protein
Nucleic acid
Lipid
Carbohydrate
42
when is glucose created during photosynthesis?
light independent
light dependent
43
used to regulate the activities of the cell cycle
checkpoint
tumor
telomere
44
Chargaff's complimentary base pairing rules
G - A
G - T
G - C
45
_________ is stored in the bonds between monomers
Energy
Protons
Atoms
46
does not use energy, moves down the concentration gradient from high to low
passive transport
active transport
47
tumors that spread to other locations than just the origin site
malignant
benign
48
chromosomes separate into chromatids and move to the opposite side of the cell
prophase
telophase
anaphase
metaphase
49
DNA replication
G1
M
S
G2
50
phosphate head of phospholipid
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
51
How will water move in the picture shown?
constant movement into and outside of cell
moves into cell
moves out of cell
52
chloroplast, cell wall, vacuole
plant cell
animal cell
fungal cell
53
Sugars
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Carbohydrate
54
Difference between DNA and RNA
has adenine
number of strands
phosphate group
55
Examples of prokaryotes
plant
bacteria
animal
fungal
56
process shown in diagram
DNA replication
transcription
translation
57
Molecule shown in the picture
Nucleic Acid
Lipid
Protein
Carbohydrate
58
deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genes
genetic engineering
DNA replication
protein synthesis
59
Organic
Hydrogen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
60
Quick term energy
Carbohydrate
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Lipid
61
viruses are
nonliving
living
62
first step of photosynthesis
chlorophyll absorbs sunlight
water breaks
hydrogen ions form ATP and NADPH
63
step that occurs during the calvin cycle
water breaks
hydrogen ions form ATP and NADPH
chlorophyll absorbs sunlight
CO2 combines with ATP and NADPH
64
when is carbon dioxide released during cell respiration
Krebs cycle
electron transport chain
glycolysis
65
Type of fat that is considered worse in your diet since it is solid at room temperature
Unsaturated fats
Saturated fats
66
cell grows
telophase
s phase
metaphase
interphase
67
biological energy
food
ATP
heat
ions
68
Monomer in the picture
Nucleotide
Fatty acid
Monosaccharide
Amino acid
69
All organic molecules have the same amount of energy available for use by an organism
False
True
70
glucose -> pyruvate -> alcohol + CO2 + energy
lactic acid fermentation
alcohol fermentation
aerobic respiration
71
Function of protein
long-term energy, insulation
short-term energy
instructions for RNA
transport, regulation, movement
72
Which type of cell is smaller?
prokaryote
eukaryote
73
Sugars from carbohydrate digestion can be used during
Photosynthesis
Passive transport
Protein synthesis
Cellular respiration
74
according to the endosymbiotic theory, what type of cell came first in evolution?
eukaryote
prokaryote
75
process demonstrated in picture
cell differentiation
protein synthesis
cellular respiration
DNA replication
76
process that creates more ATP
fermentation
anaerobic respiration
aerobic respiration
77
phase shown in picture
telophase
cytokinesis
prophase
interphase
78
How is energy released from the molecule shown in the picture?
break a phosphate bond
create a phosphate bond
79
how does the increase of temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?
decreases then increases again
increases indefinately
increases until a point where photosynthesis stops
decreases until photosynthesis stops altogether
80
type of RNA that moves the amino acid to the growing protein strand
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
81
capacity for long-term self-renewal in lab culture
embryonic
adult
82
stem cell with greater chance of rejection during transplant
embryonic
adult
83
Order of scientific method steps
Analyze, question, create hypotheses, experiment, conclude
Question, experiment, analyze, create hypotheses, conclude
Create hypotheses, experiment, question, analyze, conclude
Question, create hypotheses, experiment, analyze, conclude
84
Monomer of nucleic acid
Monosaccharide
Fatty acid
Amino acid
Nucleotide
85
enzyme that adds new nucleotides to DNA in DNA replication
RNA polymerase
helicase
DNA polymerase
86
how does the decrease of light affect the rate of photosynthesis?
photosynthesis increases
photosynthesis decreases
87
use of stem cells
repair injuries
disease research
all of the above
create medicine
88
Macromolecule with the most energy per a gram
Nucleic Acid
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein

Biology 1: Midterm Review Flashcards | StudBud