How were Henry VIII's motives different from other protestant reformers?

He split from the Catholic Church because it didn't let him get a divorce.

How did Enlightenment thinkers use the ideas of the Scientific Revolution?

to use reason to find the natural law that ruled human behavior, questioned the ideas of ancient authorities and the Church

Martin Luther's teachings included

All people were equal in the eyes of God, The Bible was the ultimate authority on Earth for Christians, salvation through faith alone

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Enlightenment Review + Age of Exploration & Absolutism Review + Religions, Renaissance, & Refor

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Answers

1
a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers
scientific method
rationalism
Enlightened absolutism
laissez-faire
2
Believed representative government was the best form of government.
Hobbes
Locke
3
the claim by Chinese kings that they had direct authority from heaven to rule and keep order in the universe
the 10 Commandments
Eightfold Path
Mandate of Heaven
salvation
4
This religion views Jesus as the Son of God and Messiah
Buddhism
Islam
Christianity
Judaism
5
Which of these was NOT a motive for European exploration and expansion?
Civil War in England
spreading Christianity
adventure/fame
money
6
doctrine that scientists should proceed from the particular to the general through observations & experiments
rationalism
scientific method
laissez-faire
inductive reasoning
7
Which Enlightenment thinker focused greatly on the idea that people give up some freedoms for the general will?
Locke
Rousseau
Montesquieu
Wollstonecraft
8
society governed by its general will & individuals abide by it since it is what is best for the whole community
rococo
social contract
rationalism
deism
9
People are born like "a blank slate"
Hobbes
Locke
10
a person of mixed European and Native American descent
Creole
Absolutism
Mulattoes
Mestizos
11
a system of thought expounded by Rene Descartes based on belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge
deism
rococo
rationalism
social contract
12
belief in or worship of more than one god
monotheism
polytheism
Eightfold Path
justification
13
How were Henry VIII's motives different from other protestant reformers?
He reached enlightenment before sharing his religious beliefs.
He split from the Catholic Church due to deep religious convictions.
He split from the Catholic Church because it didn't let him get a divorce.
He was able to change the Catholic Church without splitting off from it.
14
Which Enlightenment thinker focused greatly on women's rights?
Locke
Montesquieu
Wollstonecraft
Rousseau
15
economic theory of the 17th century; the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold & silver
Merchant
Mercantilism
Communism
Capitalism
16
Which is NOT a technology allowed Europeans to expand their exploration of the seas?
magnetic compass
caravel
astrolabe
sonar
17
to declare invalid
annul
indulge
secular
patron
18
elegant urban drawing rooms where, in the 18th century, people gathered to discuss the ideas of the philosophes
rationalism
deism
social contract
salons
19
a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money
economics
going broke
inflation
deflation
20
moral code of ethical conduct that play(s) a fundamental role in Judaism and Christianity
the 10 Commandments
Eightfold Path
salvation
Mandate of Heaven
21
Who is credited with using inductive reasoning to create the scientific method?
Francis Bacon
Aristotle
Rene Descartes
Archimedes
22
This Enlightenment thinker advocated for laissez-faire economic policies.
Wollstonecraft
Adam Smith
Voltaire
Diderot
23
the language of everyday speech in a particular region
indulgence
patron
secular
vernacular
24
Which ancient cultures served as the inspiration during the Renaissance?
Ancient Greece
Ancient China
Ancient Rome
Ancient Egypt
25
the title used by Russian emperors
Creole
czar
colony
conquistador
26
Which Enlightenment thinker focused greatly on natural rights?
Rousseau
Montesquieu
Locke
Wollstonecraft
27
Which Enlightenment thinker focused greatly on religious tolerance?
Locke
Wollstonecraft
Voltaire
Rousseau
28
Founding Figure in Buddhism
Jesus
Muhammad
Abraham
Siddhartha Gautama
29
What was the significance of Gutenburg's printing press?
It led to the more rapid spread of ideas.
It led to increased literacy in Europe.
It allowed greater access to reading materials.
All of these
30
Founding Figure in Islam
Abraham
Muhammad
Jesus
Siddhartha Gautama
31
What did Martin Luther criticize in his 95 Theses?
All of these
The selling of indulgences
The church's extreme wealth
The Pope's power
32
How did Enlightenment thinkers use the ideas of the Scientific Revolution?
to use reason to find the natural law that ruled human behavior
to create new mechanical inventions
questioned the ideas of ancient authorities and the Church
33
Which Enlightenment thinker focused greatly on separation of power and checks and balances?
Locke
Rousseau
Montesquieu
Wollstonecraft
34
intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities including: art, philosophy, & history
speculation
humanism
secular
perspective
35
Founding Figure in Christianity
Muhammad
Abraham
Jesus
Siddhartha Gautama
36
In the state of nature, life was poor, nasty, brutish, & short.
Locke
Hobbes
37
form of government in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote
feudalism
theocracy
republic
democracy
38
one who does not conform to established doctrine
Indulgences
Heretic
Rebel
Inflation
39
a fleet of warships
Absolutism
Armada
Arm & Hammer
Creole
40
foundation technology of the Scientific Revolution
microphone
microscope
telephone
telescope
41
the belief that the kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God
Divine Right of Kings
Natural rights
Democracy
Dictatorship
42
the belief in one God, rather than many
reincarnation
polytheism
theocracy
monotheism
43
Founding Figure in Judaism
Jesus
Siddhartha Gautama
Muhammad
Abraham
44
the concept that the state should not impose government regulations but should leave the economy alone
federal system
scientific method
rationalism
laissez-faire
45
Martin Luther's teachings included
All people were equal in the eyes of God
The Bible was the ultimate authority on Earth for Christians
salvation through faith alone
predestination
46
religious doctrine developed by a formerly Catholic monk which stated that salvation could be achieved by faith alone
Calvinism
Presbyterian
Lutheranism
Anabaptism
47
English Protestants who felt that the Church of England needed reform & sought to simplify & regulate forms of worship
Purify
Puritans
Divine Right of Kings
Natural rights
48
this spread the new ideas of the Scientific Revolution quickly & easily
telephone
carrier pigeons
social media
printing press
49
a focus on worldly matters, instead of religious matters
secular
perspective
humanism
patron
50
This religion views Jesus as simply a Jewish man
Judaism
Islam
Hinduism
Christianity
51
the rebirth of a soul in a new body
karma
dharma
reincarnation
Eightfold Path
52
the sum of a person's actions in life, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences
karma
reincarnation
Eightfold Path
dharma
53
a settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control
Creole
conquistador
czar
colony
54
a political system in which a ruler holds total power
Mulattoes
Creole
Mestizos
Absolutism
55
a small, fast, maneuverable ship that had a large cargo hold and usually three masts with lateen sails
Carne asada
Caramel
Caravel
Carnival
56
person born on the Iberian Peninsula, often an official who lived in Latin America for political & economic gains
Puritans
peninsulares
conquistador
plantation
57
"the rule of the few"; a form of government in which a select group of people exercises control
democracy
patron
oligarchy
theocracy
58
18th century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law
rationalism
deism
rococo
social contract
59
John Calvin's most noted religious teaching
salvation through good works
All people were equal in the eyes of God
predestination
The Bible was the ultimate authority on Earth for Christians
60
governed by the "rule of the many," or by the people
democracy
republic
demographic
theocracy
61
a wealthy sponsor of art
patron
Lutheranism
justification
humanism
62
How did Mary Wollstonecraft use the Enlightenment ideal of reason to advocate rights for women?
women should have more rights than men
women give birth to children and should be given more rights
all humans are born with reason so women deserve the same rights as men
63
Who created the first encyclopedia?
Adam Smith
Diderot
Wollstonecraft
Voltaire
64
a person who seeks wisdom or enlightenment; a scholar or a thinker
deism
rationalism
scientific method
philosopher
65
systematic procedure for collecting &analyzing evidence that was crucial to the evolution of science in the modern world
scientific method
rationalism
deism
salons
66
a release from all or part of punishment for sin that could be bought from the Catholic Church
indulgence
patron
secular
vernacular
67
the state of being saved (going to Heaven) through faith alone or through faith and good works
Eightfold Path
justification
salvation
polytheism
68
system of labor in which Spanish landowners had the right (from Queen Isabella) to use Native Americans as laborers
mita
encomienda
peninsulares
mulatto
69
the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas
Middle Path
Heretic
Mercantilism
Middle Passage
70
Scientific discoveries led Descartes to the belief that _____________ is the chief source of knowledge.
mathematics
reason
ancient authorities
Church teachings
71
the belief that God has determined in advance who will and will not be saved
reincarnation
predestination
indulgences
Final Destination
72
the executive, legislative & judicial branches limit & control each other through a system of checks & balances
rationalism
scientific method
Separation of powers
deism
73
artistic techniques used to give the effect of three-dimensional depth to two-dimensional surfaces
secular
humanism
perspective
speculation
74
political/social order developed during the Middle Ages in which nobles offered protection & land in return for service
feudalism
theocracy
patron
democracy
75
Once people gave up their power to a ruler, the people lost the right to question the actions of the ruler
Locke
Hobbes
76
a form of government in which power is shared between the national and state governments
rationalism
scientific method
federal system
philosopher
77
How did Enlightenment ideas influence society and culture?
women argued for the same rights as men
return to traditional teachings
new styles in art
growth of reading
78
areas of ancient knowledge that helped spark the Scientific Revolution
works of Archimedes & Plato
Mathematics
hieroglyphics
Eastern medicine
79
rights with which all humans are born, including the rights to life, liberty, and property
Divine Right of Kings
Puritans
Natural state
Natural rights
80
a large agricultural estate
peninsulares
plantation
conquistador
Puritans
81
What role did Adam Smith believe the government should fulfill in society?
strong regulations to ensure safety of products made by businesses
limited role in the economy
should defend citizens from injustice and invasion
maintain public works
82
What was the first book printed on Gutenburg's printing press?
the 95 Theses
Dante's Divine Comedy
The Bible
Our History Textbook
83
a leader in the Spanish conquest of the Americas
peninsulares
plantation
Puritans
conquistador
84
moral code of ethical conduct that play(s) a fundamental role in Buddhism
Mandate of Heaven
salvation
Eightfold Path
the 10 Commandments
85
the process of being deemed worthy of salvation by God
baptism
justification
Lutheranism
Presbyterian
86
a system of government in which religious leaders rule instituting religious laws as civil laws
theocracy
patron
justification
democracy
87
Machiavelli argued in "The Prince"
Rulers should respect the rights of citizens above all else.
It is better for a ruler to be loved than feared.
That rulers should have absolute power
It is better for a ruler to be feared than loved.
88
Believed absolute monarchy was the best form of government
Hobbes
Locke
89
a person of mixed African and European descent
Creole
Mestizos
Mulattoes
Absolutism
90
a person of European descent born in Latin America and living there permanently
Mulattoes
Creole
Absolutism
Mestizos
91
an individual's duty fulfilled by observance of custom or law
reincarnation
karma
dharma
Eightfold Path
92
This religion views Jesus as a highly honored prophet
Buddhism
Judaism
Christianity
Islam

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