Review for Exam 1

Research should not involve exploitation or unfair distribution of benefits.

Disclosure of reasons for the research and attempts to resolve and negative reactions.

Research directed at solving real-world problems.

Used to eliminate situational confounding variables.

Participants are told what they will experience in the study before agreeing to participate.

The IRB increases its scrutiny of cases involving children, prisoners, and people who are cognitively impaired.

Stating a hypothesis in terms of experimental procedures.

The degree of certainty that the IV caused the DV.

Questions in a measure is representative of areas it is supposed to assess.

Looks at relationships without establishing causality.

The same people participate in all of the experimental conditions.

Informed consent is part of this principle.

Used to increase the representativeness of a sample drawn from a population.

Research do that is not looking for sources of covariation.

The number of times a rat presses a bar before and after being training.

"Well, this questionnaire looks like it measures depression...."

Caffeine versus placebo.

The variable you measure.

This becomes less of an issue when measures are unobtrusive.

Yea-sayers and nay-sayers

Particularly important when a measure is intended to assess a stable and enduring trait (e.g., extraversion).

By the third experimental condition, participants are fatigued.

Makes it difficult to find an effect by increasing variability in the DV.

Used to distribute potential confounds in a between-subjects design.

A result is due to participants leaving the study, not to the IV.

Technique used to control for order effects.

The Revised Competitiveness Index relates to other scales measuring competitiveness.

Scores on a math test.

Tax Records

Participants are randomly assigned to conditions.

With most academic research, the goal is to understand a process, not solve a practical problem.

The variable you manipulate.

Scores on the Big Five Conscientiousness Scale.

The IRB rejects your study because they feel it would be too stressful for participants.

Choose participants in the top 10% of pretest anxiety scores; their scores drop on the post-test but not due to IV.

Correlation between the codes of two researchers observing the same behavior.

The degree to which results can be generalized.

In a study of motivational posters and worker productivity, the company raises salaries between pretest and posttest.

A study looks at gender differences.

Uncontrolled variable that makes it difficult to interpret results.

Training students on effective studying strategies.

How long, from the time it is noticed, does it take a person to respond to a text?

Taking an exam with other students versus taking it alone.

Used to control for individual confounding variables.

Research should do no harm; the benefits should outweight the risks.

Graffiti

People who score high on the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) are also more likely to commit violent crimes.

Post-test crossword performance is better, not because of the manipulation, but because of practice doing crosswords.

Participants are assured that their information will be kept private.

The experimenter may subtly and unintentionally elicit the predicted response - a self-fulfilling prophecy.