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Unit 5 Learning & Memory Test Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit 5 Learning & Memory Test Review
Unit 5 Learning & Memory Test Review
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1
Our inability to remember information presented in the seconds just before we fall asleep
repression
encoding failure
LTP
motivated forgetting
2
Motivated Forgetting
remembering when you want to
forgetting refers to retrieve stored information.
change your memories because you're ashamed of a positive event
memories hidden because it is too un pleasant to remember
3
What is a Fixed Ratio Reinforcement Schedule?
Reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses.
Weakens a behavior because a negative condition is introduced
Always decreases the chances that a behavior will occur
Sometimes learning is not immediately evident
4
Semantic coding emphasizes the meaning of verbal input.
True
False
5
This automatically and naturally triggers a response
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Conditioned Response
6
Taste aversion:
learning to avoid a particular food, by a bad experience
not eating at a fast food place
only ordering one food where you go
avoiding that flavor
7
Source amnesia
we can't recall the past, but we can form new memories
we don't remember how to do something new
we forget where we first learned something
use mnemonics to remember information
8
What is the mental representation of one's environment called?
Latent Learning
The Brain
Insight
Cognitive Map
9
Misinformation Effect
generating a false memory with ought the invention of deceit
overestimating ones ability to remember certain facts that are false
tendency to interpret new evidence as conformation to ones beliefs
memory impairment cause by the introduction of misleading info
10
Stress hormones facilitate the storage of flashbulb memories.
False
True
11
Shaping(operant conditioning)
rewarding successive approximations of a desired behavior
after response has been conditioned stimuli like CS elicit similar response
responses that lead to bad consequences are more likely to be repeated
responses that lead to good consequences are more likely to be repeated
12
Social Learning Theory
All of the above
depending on consequences, learner will imitate or avoid that behavior
takes cognitive and environmental factors into consideration
learning happen by observing others
13
Read the prompt: What is the conditioned stimulus
Happiness/Anticipation
The Favorite Drink
The Song
The Coffee Shop
14
Negative punishment refers to:
taking something away to reduce a targeted behavior
taking away something desired to increase desired behavior
adding something aversive or awful to increase compliance
adding something desired to gain compliance
15
When does observational learning occur?
When the learned response is previously neutral.
When responding is influenced by the observation of others.
When an animal's innate response interfere with processes.
When a change in behavior is due to experience.
16
Why should you NOT delay punishment?
Not as affective as immediate punishment
The behavior won't stop if you delay punishment
Punished individuals may withdraw from situation
Punished children = more likely to be aggressive
17
Respond to similar stimulus for reward
Generalization
Chaining
Shaping
Insight learning
18
What is the major finding in Wolfgang Kohler’s “Insight Learning” experiment with chimpanzees?
Chimpanzees mimic the behavior of other animals
Non-humans are incapable of insight learning
Chimpanzees solved problems gradually rather than suddenly
Chimpanzees solved problems through watching other monkeys solve problems
19
Diminishing of a conditioned response
discrimination
spontaneous recovery
generalization
extinction
20
The capacity for long-term memory is
Limited to approximately seven items
Virtually unlimited
Approximately one year of information
Determined by the number of synapses in the brain
21
A variable schedule of reinforcement is not consistent or predictable.
True
False
22
Context Effects
Learning related behaviors in a series
A way of graphically representing a frequency distribution
Technique used in psychoanalysis which the content of dreams is analyzed
Describes the influence of the environment on the perception of a stimulus
23
Episodic memory is...
Long-term memory of knowledge
Long-term memory of personal events
Long-term memory of how to do things
Memory of Doctor Who episodes
24
What is positive reinforcement?
Remove stimulus, increase likelihood of behavior
Add stimulus, decrease likelihood of behavior
Add stimulus, increase likelihood of behavior
Remove stimulus, decrease likelihood of behavior
25
Retrieval failure
The backward-acting disruptive effect of new learning
all of the above
Forgetting memories
The memory encoded, stored but not able to access
26
Learning that is not apparent until an incentive is provided
latent learning
respondent learning
classical learning
intrinsic learning
27
secondary reinforcement
reinforcement that originates from anyone outside one's immediate family
anything that comes to represent a primary reinforcer i.e. money, tokens
the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response
innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need
28
How many pieces of information does short term memory hold?
7
14
3
8
29
Retrieval Cues
Forgetting when a memory cannot be retrieved because of interference.
The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.
Stimuli that are used to bring a memory to consciousness or into behavior.
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.
30
Method of loci
When your brain makes memories stronger over time.
Studying all at once instead of over time
Memory tricks, like using acronyms to help remember things.
familiar place to help remember things by imagining them in different rooms
31
Diego states a list of 10 grocery items for Brittany. Immediately after hearing the list, Brittany will forget items
At the end of the list
At the beginning and in the middle of the list
At the beginning of the list
The middle of the list
32
A measure of memory in which the person must
retrieve
information learned earlier with no prompts is
none of the above
recall
relearning
recognition
33
Fixed-Interval schedule of reinforcement ______.
will vary but average out to a specific number
is given after a constant or fixed number
is given at different times that average to a specific time
is available after a specific period of time
34
What is positive punishment?
Something pleasant is taken away after a behavior
Something unpleasant is taken away following a behavior
Something pleasant is added after a behavior
Something unpleasant is added following a behavior
35
rehearsal
repetition of information in order to maintain it.
a cognition operation that includes things you already know.
remembering how to read
What theater casts do to prepare.
36
Priming memory means
emotional response to a stimulus
remembering facts
remembering motor skills
remembering in response to a stimulus
37
How does brain's capacity for parallel processing relate to encoding new memories?
parallel processing allows sensory experiences encoded @ once
parallel processing allows brain to encode directly into LTM
parallel processing allows encode every event accurately
sensory impulses travel thru separate channels w/visual info
38
The principle that rewarded behavior is likely to be repeated and punished behavior is less likely to be repeated is:
operant behavior.
operant conditioning.
law of effect
respondent behavior.
39
What two things can distort flashbulb memories?
Misinformation and Suggestibility
Retroactive and Proactive Interference
Decay and Encoding Failures
Recognition and Recall
40
Negative reinforcement involves
providing unpleasant stimulus periodically during the day
decreasing the likelihood of certain future behaviors
the learning of a new response
the removal of an aversive stimulus
41
In retroactive interference, new learning interferes with the retrieval of old learning
True
False
42
Tendency to recall memories based on our current mood is called what?
Semantic Memories
Mood-Congruent
Forgetting
Extrinsic Motivation
