Modern World: Chapter 21 Review

Question 1

Copernicus believed that the universe was heliocentric, or

Accepted Answer

Sun-Centered

Question 2

This economic concept believes the state should not impose government regulations but should leave the economy alone

Accepted Answer

Laissez-Faire

Question 3

Frederick II, Joseph II, and Catherine II were enlightened absolutists whose main goal was to

Accepted Answer

safeguard the welfare of the state

Question 4

The scientific method grew out of the belief that the world is best understood through

Accepted Answer

Direct Observation

Question 5

Theory that government gets its power from the people, as long as it represents what is best for the people

Accepted Answer

Social Contract

Question 6

Which idea of Montesquieu has been incorporated into the U.S. Constitution?

Accepted Answer

Separation of Powers

Question 7

Rationalism is the belief that

Accepted Answer

Reason is the chief source of knowledge

Question 8

Voltaire championed the religious philosophy of deism, which was based on

Accepted Answer

Reason and natural law

Question 9

The Enlightenment thinkers, or philosophes, tried to change the world by

Accepted Answer

Using logic and reason to solve problems

Question 10

A system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers

Accepted Answer

Enlightened Absolutism

Question 11

The right to govern through the consent of the people

Accepted Answer

Popular Sovereignty

Question 12

Ptolemy believed that the universe was geocentric, or

Accepted Answer

Earth-Centered

Question 13

A systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence

Accepted Answer

Scientific Method

Question 14

What name was given to Enlightenment thinkers?

Accepted Answer

Philosophes

Question 15

According to Rousseau's concept of the social contract,

Accepted Answer

a society agrees to be governed by its general will

Question 16

Name for the drawing rooms where people discussed Enlightenment thought during the 18th century

Accepted Answer

Salons

Questions 16