Exam I Review--MARB 215

Change occurs in very small steps

A grouping of organisms distinct from other groupings and in which there is a parental pattern of ancestry and descent

A microbiome is found primarily in the gut.

Which scientist used grasshoppers to study chromosomal theory?

Who hypothesized that many animals share similar early developmental stages, more so than later stages

All living organisms have specific developmental phases

Water resists fast temperature changes because of its high thermal capacity.

When did the first eukaryotes appear?

includes most recent common ancestor but not all descendents

What year did Darwin publish his famous book “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection”

does not include most recent common ancestor of all members in group

Life first appeared in the water

The Chromosomal Theory says that chromosomes passed to new generations contain genes that are similar to parents

Choose all that are true about saturated fatty acids

When did the Cambrain Explosion occur?

Select all the types of life

Select all of Darwin's Five Theories

variation among individuals in a population is the basis for evolution

Cyanobacteria evolved...

ancestor for every taxon on cladogram

There are 32 recognized phyla in the animal kingdom and each is monophyletic

A single specimen that formally bears name of species

Vicariance is a fragmentation of habitat causes speciation

The fossil record is biased because soft-bodies are not preserved.

Science is a set of proveable facts

the science of naming, describing, and classifying animals

Applies to both sexual and asexual species,Adds the evolutionary time dimension, and Addresses hybrids

the taxa being studied

genetic variation and change within a population or species

Specifies that populations of a species have genetic or demographic cohesion; applies sexually or asexually

The most abundant organic substance in nature is...

The microbiome harbors...

The first animals occurred...

The first life occurred...

Believed species were distinct, unchanging entities divinely created

speciation event; represents common ancestor

ancestral lineage and all descendents

difference of physical location of a structure or developmental process in an organism’s body plan

Who came up with the Transformational Concept of Evolution?

Darwin took his ideas from Thomas Malthus’ essay on populations

individuals specialized to use different parts of ecosystem

intermediate between allopatric and sympatric; maintain some contact along border

Derived characteristic unique to a clade and not found in the ancestor

Interaction with the environment and movement are NOT diagnostic criteria for life

change over large scales of geological time

Micelles unique structure allowed organic building blocks to be enclosed and allow condensation reactions

A character derived from common ancestry

Consumers who depend on other sources for their food are

new traits established in a population through generations, from a few individuals to majority of population

What makes life?

Punctuated Equilibrium: evolutionary change occurs in brief events of branching followed by long intervals of stasis

A character derived from common ancestry

Extant means no-longer living.

Select all the characteristics of protocells

Water is dipolar

geographic barriers cause reproductive barriers

Endosymbiotic Theory was discovered by...

The theory of common descent says that all organisms descended from the same common ancestor

What is Zoology?

small subset of members starts new population elsewhere

Who came up with the Principle of Uniformitarianism?

Who designed out current classification system?

An energy-requiring chemical reaction that builds complex molecules from simpler ones is...

The first animal on earth appeared in the ocean 4 BYA

Cyanobacteria were the first photosynthesizers to oxygenate the earth.

includes most recent common ancestor and all descendents; a clade

rapid diversification from an ancestral species within a “short” interval (a few million years)

Phylogeny is when all descendants branch from a common ancestor

What does NOT make an animal?

history of a taxon; ancestral lineage

Transformational evolution believed changed traits would be passed to offspring.

speciation without geographic barriers

Classification focuses on traits, whereas systematization focuses on using traits to confirm a hypothesis

the scientific study of the evolutionary history of a taxonomic group

Who first classified organisms based on structural similarities

the organisms whose phylogeny is shown on tree

Select all the ways that evolution occurs

taxa closely related to ingroup but not included – used for comparison

the science of biological diversity and its evolutionary history

The four types of macromolecules are...

LUCA stands for Last Universal Common Ancestor

The two paradigms guiding zoology are...

Metabolism consists of what two processes?

What has chains that are linked in 2 degree, 3 degree, and 4 degree structures?

Neuclaic acids are the only macromolecules that can replicate themselves

difference in timing/duration of a developmental phase compared to ancestors (fish/frog)

All living organisms contain a microbiome

DNA barcoding is a technique used for identifying species using standard gene sequences present in all animals.

According to the Theory of Perpetual Change, the average animal species survives _______ years.

Which of the following is NOT true about water.

what are the two ideas behind the Principle of Uniformitarianism?

A character state in a most recent common ancestor is

Amphiphilic means a polar tail and a non-polar head

The theory of perpetual changes says that the world is perpetually cycling