Continental drift was not widely accepted when it was first proposed because ____.

Wegener couldn’t explain why or how the continents moved

What happens when oceanic and continental plates collide?

Mountains can be created through uplift & volcanic eruptions

time it takes an isotope to decay to 1/2 of its original amt

What is the atomic number of an element?

the number of protons and neutrons

To locate the epicenter of earthquakes, scientists

use triangulations based on data from seismograph stations

What does this picutre represent?

parent, radioactive decay half-lives & daughter products

To find the distance to an earthquake’s epicenter, scientists

analyze the arrival times of the P waves and S waves.

During nuclear fusion in the sun, which of the following occurs?

Hydrogen nuclei combine to produce a helium nucleus.

What is a light-year?

the distance light travels in a year

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Collins.T Earth Science Final

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Questions 91

Answers

1
Electromagnetic radiation is both a particle and a wave.
false
true
2
Features found at divergent boundaries include ____.
ocean ridges
island arc volcanoes
deep-sea trenches
crumpled mountains
3
The driving forces of tectonic plates are related to convection currents in Earth’s ____.
crust
mantle
outer core
inner core
4
Continental drift was not widely accepted when it was first proposed because ____.
Wegener couldn’t explain why or how the continents moved
magnetic & sonar data proved that Wegener was incorrect
mantle convection currents weren’t in motion at that time
continental landmasses were too big to move slowly
5
A microwavew wave is light.
true
false
6
Tectonic plates are blocks of
magnetic rock.
lithosphere.
magma.
asthenosphere.
7
Which have the longest wavelengths?
all the same
radio waves
X-rays
light
8
What are the fastest seismic waves?
P
Love
Surface
S
9
What happens when oceanic and continental plates collide?
Valleys are created by the excessive energy release.
continental lithosphere subducts beneath oceanic lithosphere
Mountains can be created through uplift & volcanic eruptions
The asthenosphere and the lithosphere are disrupted.
10
The sun converts matter into energy in the
radiative zone.
convective zone.
corona.
core.
11
This is the product at the end of a half-life.
daughter isotope
radioactive decay
uranium
parent isotope
12
How many mm?
2.5mm
915mm
1.5mm
25mm
13
What elements make up most of the sun’s mass?
hydrogen and helium
carbon and oxygen
carbon and hydrogen
helium and nitrogen
14
The __ represents the range of frequencies of light energy from radio waves to cosmic rays.
electromagnetic spectrum
electron configuration
probability cloud
frequency dependence
15
Sound waves are mechanical waves & can travel through empty space
false
true
16
S waves are also known as
Love waves.
secondary waves.
compression waves.
Rayleigh waves.
17
What is a half-life?
the daughter product
half of the parent isotope
dthe original amount or parent
time it takes an isotope to decay to 1/2 of its original amt
18
Astronomers believe that cosmic background radiation formed
shortly after the big bang.
shortly before the big bang.
about a billion years ago.
more that a trillion years ago.
19
What is the atomic number of an element?
the number of protons
the number of protons and neutrons
the number of valence electrons
the number of neutrons
20
According to Coulomb's law, as force increases, distance ________________
doesn't really matter
increases
decreases
will stay the same
21
What color are the coolest stars?
blue
white
red
orange
22
Which of the following is true of earthquake prediction?
It is impossible.
Scientists do not attempt it.
It is unreliable.
It is not important.
23
The type of stress that squeezes and shortens a body is
shear stress.
deposition.
compression.
tension.
24
A microwavew wave is light.
true
false
25
The type of stress that stretches and pulls a rock apart is
compression.
tension.
strain.
stress.
26
Where do deep-ocean trenches form?
at transform boundaries
in fracture zones
in island arcs
at convergent boundaries
27
At the center of a mid-ocean ridge is a(n)
subduction zone
rift
fracture zone
ridge
28
How many cm
36.7
37
367
368
29
About 99% of all matter contained in the solar nebula now exists in
space.
planets.
asteroids.
the sun.
30
The theory that explains why and how continents move is called
plate tectonics.
paleomagnetism
continental drift.
sea-floor spreading
31
To locate the epicenter of earthquakes, scientists
analyze hypotheses and theories.
determine magnitude and intensity.
detect vibrations.
use triangulations based on data from seismograph stations
32
The law that describes how a planet orbits the sun is called the
law of orbital periods.
law of ellipses.
law of equal areas.
law of periods.
33
The ____ of a star determines its temperature, luminosity, and diameter.
energy output
mass
density
composition
34
What fundamental rule is shown in this picture:
like charges repel
like charges attract
protons are positive
like charges have a strong force
35
What does this picutre represent?
radioactive decay
half-life and daughter product
isotopes
parent, radioactive decay half-lives & daughter products
36
How does sediment that is closer to a mid-ocean ridge compare to sediment that is farther away?
It is smaller.
It is younger.
It is older.
It is larger.
37
To find the distance to an earthquake’s epicenter, scientists
use radio wave detection devices.
chart the lag time between preshocks and aftershocks.
analyze the arrival times of the P waves and S waves.
analyze the arrival times of the Love waves & Rayleigh waves
38
During nuclear fusion in the sun, which of the following occurs?
Hydrogen nuclei combine to produce a helium nucleus.
A solar eclipse results.
The aurora australis appears
Atomic nuclei split apart.
39
What happens when two continental plates collide?
The impact can cause huge earthquakes.
Large mountains can form.
Dome mountains are likely to form.
The plates subduct beneath each other.
40
P waves are also known as
compression waves.
Love waves.
Rayleigh waves.
secondary waves.
41
What kind of fault is this
thrust
reverse
normal
strike - slip
42
The surface temperature of star is plotted against the star’s luminosity on the
parallax graph.
cosmic background radiation map.
H-R diagram.
Doppler effect.
43
What is a light-year?
the distance light travels in a year
the time it takes to travel to a star
the speed of light in a year
the distance to the sun
44
Relative age dating is when you give the age of a rock compared to another rock or fossil.
false
true
45
About how long did it take for the first P-waves to reach station B?
10 min
11 min
22 min
7 min
46
About how long did it take for the first S-wave to reach station B?
22 min
7 min
16 min
14 min
47
Dark energy is a possible explanation for the increase in the universe's expansion speed.
true
false
48
What type of fault results when the rock on either side of a fault plane slides horizontally
strike-slip
reverse
thrust
normal
49
Radioactive decay happens at a constant rate.
true
false
50
Light is categorized by its
amplitude
energy
wavelength
frequency
51
The type of stress that distorts rock by pushing parts of it in opposite directions is
shear stress.
isostacy.
tension.
compression.
52
When does a protostar become a star when....
nuclear fusion begins.
nuclear fission begins.
nuclear fission ends.
nuclear fusion ends
53
The asthenosphere is
in the stratosphere.
in the lithosphere.
in the core.
in the mantle.
54
In what direction will the new volcano form?
NW
NE
SW
SE
55
What is fission?
the combining of large nuclei
the splitting of small nuclei
the splitting of large nuclei
the combining of small nuclei
56
Scientists determine the composition and temperature of stars
by sampling matter on the surface of stars.
by analyzing the spectra of the light that stars emit.
through magnetic testing.
by analyzing the vibrations that stars emit.
57
The study of paleomagnetism was key in proving Wegener’s hypothesis because
it proved that fossils in Africa & S. America were identical
it showed that mountains were formed by continental drift.
tropical swamps covered areas that are now cold
it provided evidence of sea-floor spreading.
58
The law of original horizontality says....
faults are younger than the rock they cut through
sedimentary rocks are deposited horizontally
younger layers are on top of older layers
rocks are folded or broken before they are laid horizontally
59
How many cm?
367mm
36.7mm
367cm
36.7cm
60
Which of the following was NOT a piece of evidence Wegener found to support his hypothesis?
identical Mesosaurus fossils in South America and Africa
debris from glaciers in southern Africa
mountains of similar age in North America and Scotland
tracks of continents plowing through ocean floor rock
61
The rock below the fault planes is know as the
fracture.
hanging wall.
hinge.
footwall.
62
What is cosmic background radiation?
microwaves left over from the big bang
all of the above
remnants of the early universe
free floating photons left over from when atoms first formed
63
What is the epicenter of an earthquake?
the last place that motion in an earthquake is detected
point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus
location where the first motion of an earthquake occurs
a seismic wave that travels along the surface of Earth
64
It is located outside of the nucleus
neutron
electron
neutrino
proton
65
Where are most stars located on the H-R diagram?
white dwarf
main sequence
blue giant
red giant
66
What type of wave is this?
Love wave
P-wave
S-wave
Rayleigh wave
67
Scientists determine the composition and temperature of stars
by analyzing the vibrations that stars emit.
through magnetic testing.
by sampling matter on the surface of stars.
by analyzing the spectra of the light that stars emit.
68
What are counted in an atom to determine mass number?
neutrons
electrons
protons and electrons
protons and neutrons
69
Which scale more accurately measures the magnitude of large earthquakes?
Richter scale
Mohs scale
moment magnitude scale
modified Mercalli scale
70
Which of the following occupies the smallest percentage of the electromagnetic spectrum?
gamma rays
radio waves
microwaves
visible light
71
The average distance of a planet from the sun & the planet’s orbital period is described by the
law of periods.
law of equal areas.
law of motion.
law of ellipses.
72
How does a reverse fault occur?
compression thrusts the fault into reverse.
The hanging wall moves downward relative to the footwall.
The hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall.
Blocks slide past each other.
73
Why are only large atoms radioactrive?
they have unstable nuclei
they have stable nuclei
they can undergo fission
they can undergo fusion
74
The big bang occurred about
14 million years ago.
a billion years ago.
5 billion years ago.
14 billion years ago.
75
The speed at which objects travel at different points in their orbits
law of equal areas
law of eccentricity
law of ellipses
law of periods
76
During differentiation....
lighter materials sank
lighter materials rose to the surface
dense materials sank & lighter materials rose to the surface
dense material rose to the surface
77
This particle has a positive charge
nutrino
n electron
a proton
a neutron
78
What makes up most of the universe?
dark energy and dark matter
black holes
known elements
the dark force
79
A rotating cloud of gas and dust from which Earth’s solar system formed is called a(n)
astronomical explosion.
solar eclipse.
solar nebula.
supernova.
80
The San Andreas Fault, a result of horizontal shear, is a ____ fault.
blind
normal
strike-slip
reverse
81
The most conclusive proof for continental drift was provided by
changes in climatic patterns. map.
the coastlines of continents on a
identical fossils found on two separate continents.
evidence of sea-floor spreading.
82
Our sun is this type of star......
intermediate mass star
white dwarf
super giant
red giant
83
The water in Earth’s oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, glaciers makes up the hydrosphere.
false
true
84
Electromagnetic waves pass through a medium in order to travel from one point to another.
false
true
85
a light signal & a radio signal left the sun at exactly the same time the first to reach Earth
is the radio signal.
is the light signal.
are both would arrive at the same time.
86
What is important about Hubble’s discovery that there is a red shift in the spectra of galaxies
It suggests the existence of black holes.
It suggests that the universe is expanding.
It proves the big bang theory.
It suggests that the universe is contracting.
87
What is an atom that has a different number of neutrons than other atoms of the same element?
ion
electron
molecule
isotope
88
Which of the following separates the outer planets from the inner planets?
the asteroid belt
the Great Red Spot
the Kuiper belt
a large magnetic field
89
A star moving away from the Earth has a spectrum that is
unchanged.
losing its color.
shifted toward red.
shifted toward blue.
90
A wave with a long wavelength has a relatively
high frequency.
low frequency
both of these
neither
91
The type of stress that distorts rock by pushing parts of it in opposite directions is
tension.
isostacy.
shear stress.
compression.

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