Duplicate of Applied Psychology - Child Psychology - OCR

Question 1

What were the results from the Johnson and Young research?

Accepted Answer

Adverts for boys outnumbered adverts for girls, Names of toys reinforced gender stereotypes

Question 2

What conclusions were drawn in the study by Ainsworth and Bell?

Accepted Answer

Attachment figure allows infant to explore, When threatened, attachment increases

Question 3

What was the situation called by the researchers in Ainsworth and Bell?

Accepted Answer

Strange Situation

Question 4

What were the responses the tutor had to look for in the study by Wood et al.?

Accepted Answer

Child ignored her and continued to play with the blocks, Child manipulated the blocks they had just connected

Question 5

How many times was the word "power" used in the boys adverts in Johnson and Young?

Accepted Answer

One fifth, 20%

Question 6

Give an application of the Gibson and Walk study.

Accepted Answer

Sensory integrative therapy as play

Question 7

What types of behaviour were seen as "resisting" behaviours in the study by Ainsworth and Bell?

Accepted Answer

Angry, pushing away the adult, throwing away toys, Squirming to get down after being picked up

Question 8

What percentage of 3 year olds made unassisted constructs in the study by Wood et al.?

Accepted Answer

10%

Question 9

What was the research method used in the study by Johnson and Young?

Accepted Answer

Content and discourse analysis

Question 10

What was the aim of the study by Gibson and Walk?

Accepted Answer

To see how humans and other animals perceive height, To see at what stage height perception develops in humans

Question 11

How was zygosity tested in the study by van Leeuwen et al.?

Accepted Answer

Questionnaire, Cheek swabs

Question 12

What was the percentage of unassisted constructs by 5 year olds in the Wood et al. research?

Accepted Answer

70%

Question 13

What is "attachment"?

Accepted Answer

An enduring emotional bond that exists between two people

Question 14

Who gave the earliest idea of what "intelligence" is?

Accepted Answer

Spearman

Question 15

What important process happens in adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic pruning

Question 16

What is assortative mating?

Accepted Answer

Where people mate due to similar levels of intelligence, Where people mate due to similar observable characterstics

Question 17

What is expected value? (EV)

Accepted Answer

Used to judge whether a risk is worth taking or not, Sum of all possible outcomes of a choice X by probabilities

Question 18

How many families took part in the study by van Leeuwen et al.?

Accepted Answer

112

Question 19

What is an effective way of learning that is supported by the Wood et al. research?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive strategies, Phonemic processing, Mnemonic

Question 20

What were the children required to do, as asked by the tutor, in the study by Wood et al.?

Accepted Answer

Place blocks together after being shown by the tutor, Build a 3-D structure

Question 21

What results were obtained by the verbs used in the Johnson and Young research?

Accepted Answer

Destruction and agency and control verbs used most in boys, Feeling, nurturing and limited activity used most in girls

Question 22

What verb categories did Johnson and Young use in their study?

Accepted Answer

Action, competition/destruction, power/control, Limited activity, feeling and nurturing

Question 23

Were any sex differences noted in the study by van Leeuwen et al.?

Accepted Answer

No significant sex differences were found

Question 24

What applications can be drawn from the study by Johnson and Young?

Accepted Answer

Media literacy programmes for children, Legislation against advertising for children, Media Smart and Be AdWise

Question 25

What are the two key perceptual abilities?

Accepted Answer

Facial recognition and depth perception

Question 26

Give a conclusion from the Johnson and Young study.

Accepted Answer

Gender stereotyping may exist due to historical success, Gender stereotypes underlie TV adverts

Question 27

What kind of impact does advertising have on children?

Accepted Answer

They are exposed to gender stereotypes, They ask for more toys at Christmas

Question 28

Give a conclusion from the study by Gibson and Walk.

Accepted Answer

Both nature and nurture affect depth perception development

Question 29

Participants were placed in an ___________ whilst doing the task in Barkley-Levenson's study.

Accepted Answer

MRI, MRI scanner

Question 30

What stages of cognitive thinking do children go through according to Piaget?

Accepted Answer

Sensori-motor (0-2), Formal operational (11+)

Question 31

Give an application from the research by Ainsworth and Bell.

Accepted Answer

Family-Centred Care services, Understanding maternal deprivation, Visits for children in hospital

Question 32

Why are adolescents more prone to making risk-taking decisions?

Accepted Answer

Ventral striatum develops a lot in adolescents, The limbic system dominates decision making, Their brains aren't fully developed until early twenties

Question 33

What was the sample used in the research by Ainsworth and Bell?

Accepted Answer

White, middle class families, 56 one year old babies and their mothers

Question 34

What control trials did Gibson and Walk use in their study?

Accepted Answer

Change in pattern of material, Changing the lighting

Question 35

What tests were the participants given in the study by van Leeuwen et al.?

Accepted Answer

SPM and APM, Raven's Progressive Matrices Tests

Question 36

What group of people did environment have an effect upon in the study by van Leeuwen et al.?

Accepted Answer

Lower IQ scores

Question 37

What are "power/control" verb elements used in the study by Johnson and Young?

Accepted Answer

Verbs that refer to possessing power over someone/something, "Control", "Defeat", "Rule", "Take"

Question 38

When did the tutor make a "verbal error prompt" in the study by Wood et al.?

Accepted Answer

When a child incorrectly constructed the blocks

Question 39

Which area of the brain is last to undergo this process?

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Question 40

What is "motion parallax" in the study by Gibson and Walk?

Accepted Answer

Visual depth cue that results from motion, Distant objects appear to move slower than objects closer

Question 41

What was the sample used in the study by Wood et al.?

Accepted Answer

Volunteers, 30 children from the same region in the USA

Question 42

Which brain region showed the most activity in the adolescents in the Barkley-Levenson study?

Accepted Answer

Ventral Striatum, Limbic System

Question 43

What are the different attachment types given by Ainsworth?

Accepted Answer

Insecure avoidant, Secure

Question 44

By what age do most perceptual capacities develop in humans?

Accepted Answer

One year

Question 45

Give a conclusion of the study by Wood et al..

Accepted Answer

The level and type of support needed differed with age, Increasing age meant more success on the task

Question 46

What applications can be drawn from the study by van Leeuwen et al.?

Accepted Answer

Raven's Progressive Matrices

Question 47

What research method was used in the study by Ainsworth and Bell?

Accepted Answer

Controlled observation

Question 48

What conclusions were drawn from the study by Barkley-Levenson et al.?

Accepted Answer

Adolescents place greater value on rewards than adults do, Adolescents' neural representations are link to risk taking

Question 49

What animals were used in the study by Gibson and Walk?

Accepted Answer

Kittens, chicks, rats, turtles, kids and humans

Question 50

What was the special apparatus used in the study by Gibson and Walk?

Accepted Answer

Visual cliff

Question 51

What is a "schema"?

Accepted Answer

A mental unit of knowledge about an aspect of the world

Question 52

What was the task participants had to do in the study by Barkley-Levenson et al.?

Accepted Answer

A gambling task with a 50-50 spinner

Question 53

What is the process of "scaffolding" in the study by Wood et al.?

Accepted Answer

Structured way to learn, "building" up the learner

Question 54

What conclusions were reached by van Leeuwen et al. on their study of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The main influence is genetic factors, Phenotypic assortment is a better explanation of mating

Question 55

What is meant by the term "perception"?

Accepted Answer

The process in which our minds make sense of sensory data

Question 56

Who gives many theories and ideas about attachment that are still used today?

Accepted Answer

Bowlby

Question 57

What's a problem with studying infants and their perception?

Accepted Answer

It is difficult to access and measure someone's perceptions, They can't communicate effectively or at all

Question 58

What kinds of data were collected in the study by Barkley-Levenson et al.?

Accepted Answer

Neural - MRI scans, particularly activity in the VS, Behavioural - responses of acceptance or rejection, Neural and behavioural

Question 59

What was the sample used in the study by Johnson and Young?

Accepted Answer

Adverts taken from 1996, 1997 and 1999 on Nickelodeon

Question 60

What was the sample used in the study by Barkley-Levenson et al.?

Accepted Answer

19 25-30 year olds and 22 13-17 year olds, Volunteers

Question 61

What was the aim of the Johnson and Young research?

Accepted Answer

To see whether the adverts are scripted differently, To see whether toy adverts linked to gender specific roles

Question 62

How were the participants observed in the Ainsworth and Bell research?

Accepted Answer

Through a one-way mirror and obs. spoke their observations

Question 63

What was found about the human infants in the study by Gibson and Walk?

Accepted Answer

Babies were dependent on their vision to determine movement, They preferred the shallow side of the "visual cliff"

Question 64

What behavioural responses were made in the Barkley-Levenson et al. research?

Accepted Answer

Higher EV made the adolescents more likely to accept a trial, Where there was no risk, both groups made similar judgments

Duplicate of Applied Psychology - Child Psychology - OCR

Questions 66

Duplicate of Applied Psychology - Child Psychology - OCR

Questions 66