What is the point of a trial balloon?

to see public reaction before making a public announcement

Interest groups and political parties differ in that

political parties' main goal is to get candidates elected

What was evident after the Kennedy v. Nixon debates in 1960?

physical attractiveness could impact electoral success

This 1971 case ruled that busing was an acceptable remedy to desegregate schools

Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools

What case ruling made 527 groups flourish because corporations could give them unlimited funds?

Citizens United v, Federal Election Commission

These were the first two political parties in the United States.

Federalists and Democratic Republicans

All of the following happen at a party's national convention EXCEPT?

a debate between the two leading candidates

Why did Democrats decide to create "superdelegates" after the McGovern - Fraser reforms?

to make sure elected officials and party leaders had power

What prevents the press form being too "tough" on the government and officials?

they need access to government officials

What has been true about American's attitudes about government since 1964?

They have less trust in the governmnt

McCain Feingold, a.k.a. the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) did all the following EXCEPT

eliminated the public funding option

What fact might indicate that an incumbent is in a tight reelection race?

they increase campaign spending

studbud

AP Government Final Exam 4th pd. Review

165 termsStudBud Administration66 plays

A review for AP Government students preparing for the exam. #apgovernment

Flashcards165 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 165

Answers

1
Discrimination based on ________________ requires the "reasonable / lowest scrutiny" standard.
age
religion
race
gender
2
What is the point of a trial balloon?
to see public reaction before making a public announcement
to launch a campaign
to see how high it will go without popping
to mend fences after a scandal
3
From the Civil War - 1960s the "Solid South" voted
Republican
Democratic
Dixiecrat
Whig
4
What case established that speech can be banned that poses a "clear and present" danger?
Schenk v. the United States
NY Times v. Sullivan
Texas v. Johnson
Miller v. California
5
What case established a 3 part test for obscenity?
Miller v. California
Texas v. Johnson
NY Times v. Sullivan
Schenk v. the United States
6
What Republican attracted white southerners to the Republican party with his Southern Strategy?
H.W. Bush
Goldwater
Reagan
Nixon
7
Voters registered as independents are positively correlated with what behavior?
voting
protesting
fundraising
ticket-splitting
8
What part of the Civil Rights Act banned discrimination in federally funded programs?
Title IX
Title V
Title XI
Title XX
9
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Oppose mandatory minimum sentencing programs.
Democrat
Republican
10
What court ruling upheld using race as part of a holistic assessment in admissions decisions?
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Fisher v.University of Texas
Grutter v. Bollinger
Gratz v. Bollinger
11
This law banned literacy tests & allowed federal oversight of election activities in the South
The Civil Rights Act of 1968
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The 24th amendment
12
This case ruled the gov't. can't use evidence gained as a result of an illegal search:
NAACP v. Alabama
Miranda v. Arizona
Gregg v. Georgia
Mapp v. Ohio
13
Interest groups and political parties differ in that
political parties' main goal is to get candidates elected
Parties have legislative goals
political parties offer selective benefits
political parties are involved in electioneering
14
The idea that you don't need to outspend your opponent, but you need to get your message out is
the doctrine of sufficiency
the doctrine of currency
the doctrine of campaign finance
the doctrine of efficiency
15
What was evident after the Kennedy v. Nixon debates in 1960?
the effect of television on politics would be minimal
The Conservative Era was over
physical attractiveness could impact electoral success
politicians must take clear positions on issues
16
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "medium scrutiny" standard.
gender
religion
wealth
race
17
Which of the following is an example of unconventional political participation?
voting
protest
running for office
petitioning
18
What case ruling struck down anti-sodomy laws, granting gay people a right to privacy?
Reece v. Texas
Lawrence v. Texas
Texas v. Johnson
Smith v. Texas
19
Habeus Corpus rights were at first denied to hundreds of suspected terrorists being held at
Los Alamos
Guantanamo
San Quentin
Alcatraz
20
This 1971 case ruled that busing was an acceptable remedy to desegregate schools
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Plessy v. Ferguson
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
21
What case ruling made 527 groups flourish because corporations could give them unlimited funds?
US v. Nixon
McCain v. BCRA
FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life
Citizens United v, Federal Election Commission
22
This 1857 case ruled that blacks were not citizens and slaves were property.
Plessy v. Ferguson
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Reynolds v. United States
Griswold v. Connecticut
23
In 1972, what constitutional amendment failed to be ratified?
Gay Rights
Fuel Independence
The Equal Rights Amendment
Tutle IX
24
Over time, national party conventions have become less
contentious
attended
fun
predictable
25
Who was the 1st US President to control the press by controlling info and staying on message?
H,W. Bush
Clinton
Reagan
W. Bush
26
Which of the following type of voter is least common?
low information
nature of the times
idealogues
groups benefits
27
These were the first two political parties in the United States.
Federalists and Democratic Republicans
Republicans and Democrats
Democrats and Whigs
Know Nothings and Whigs
28
All of the following happen at a party's national convention EXCEPT?
a debate between the two leading candidates
the writing of the party platform
a speech by the Vice Presidential nominee
candidate nomination
29
Who determines the method and timing of delegate selection?
the U.S. Congress
the states
the Suoreme Court
the voters through referendum
30
What was the first form of mass media?
telegraph
radio
daily newspapers
television
31
Why did Democrats decide to create "superdelegates" after the McGovern - Fraser reforms?
to make sure elected officials and party leaders had power
to reward big fundraisers
to rank and file party members would have a voice
to ensure the best balloon drop at the convention
32
The 3 part test for government acting according to the establishment clause was established in
Engel v. Vitale
Miller v. California
Lemon v. Kutzman
Employment Division v. Smith
33
What prevents the press form being too "tough" on the government and officials?
They are inherently patriotic
They might alienate viewers
they are liberal biased towards government intervention
they need access to government officials
34
Which of the following is true of 527 groups?
they disclose the names of contributors
They coordinate closely with candidates
They are for profit taxable organizations
they produce issue ads
35
All of the following groups were part of the New Deal coalition EXCEPT
unions
the wealthy
blacks
white souitherners
36
How did local party bosses win support and loyalty to their party in the past?
voter fraud
providing government services
patronage
advertising
37
What case established the media can make incorrect claims as long as they didn't intend harm?
Miller v. California
NY Times v. Sullivan
Schenk v. the United States
Texas v. Johnson
38
Controlling for education and wealth, who is more likely to vote?
white Americans
black Americans
39
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Protect the life of the unborn.
conservative
liberal
40
What case established students can wear arm bands to school in symbolic protest ?
Texas v. Johnson
Schenk v. the United States
Tinker v. DesMoines
Miller v. California
41
What court ruling raised the standard for contract set-asides to "compelling gov't. interest"?
Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke
Fisher v.University of Texas
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Gratz v. Bollinger
42
What has been true about American's attitudes about government since 1964?
They have less trust in the governmnt
they have become more ideological
They have voted more often
they have become more informed
43
This case ruled the government must provide an attorney if a suspect cannot afford one
Miranda v. Arizona
NAACP v. Alabama
Mapp v. Ohio
Gideon v. Wainwright
44
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 bans discrimination based on all the following criteria EXCEPT
age
race
gender
religion
45
What aspect of campaigns gets the most media attention?
policy positions
"horserace" coverage
the candidate's voting record
fundraising
46
Conservative or liberal? Provide a "path to citizenship" for law-abiding illegal immigrants.
liberal
conservative
47
Which of the following must an American do to belong to a political party?
register
attend meetings
think they are in it
pay dues
48
Conservative or liberal? Increase regulations to protect the environment.
conservative
liberal
49
McCain Feingold, a.k.a. the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) did all the following EXCEPT
barred issue ads by outside groups before an election
eliminated the public funding option
increased the amount individuals to donate to candidates
required reporting of PAC contributions
50
What fact might indicate that an incumbent is in a tight reelection race?
they are taking clear positions on issues
they increase campaign spending
they participate in debates
They are avoiding media attention
51
This case ruled the gov't. can't require private organizations to turn over membership lists
Gregg v. Georgia
NAACP v. Alabama
Miranda v. Arizona
Mapp v. Ohio
52
After Watergate and Vietnam, how did media treatment of the government shift?
the press became apathetic towards the government
the press became more protective of the president
the press became a "watchdog" on the government
the press became more deferentail to the legislative power
53
What innovation in broadcasting led to the development of "narrowcasting"?
satellite tv
netflix
the internet
cable television
54
A hierarchical organizational chart of a party with chairperson at top & candidates at bottom
iis a requirement in a democracy
may be ideal but isn't realistic
iis accurate
shows that party strength is on the rise
55
Which of the following must an American do to belong to a political party?
attend meetings
think they are in it
register
pay dues
56
All of the following contribute to hyperdemocracy or officials "running scared" except
the power of interest groups
strong parties
short terms
primaries
57
What court case established the "hostile environment" standard for sexual harassment cases?
Employment Division v. Smith
Reed v. Reed
Harris v. Forklift Systems
Playboy Entertainment v. United States
58
All of the following are criticisms of our current primary / caucus system EXCEPT:
it caters to low information voters
few people participate
the early states are not representative of the US population
the early states get too much attention
59
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Increase taxes on the wealthy.
liberal
conservative
60
The Supreme Court ruled NC had gone too far in using race as a factor in drawing districts in
harris v. Forklift Systems
Reed v. North Carolina
Craig v. Boren
Shaw v. Reno
61
These type of protesters have distance restrictions and cannot picket private residences:
zoning
school
abortion
police
62
If a state is part of "frontloading", it is probably
making it easier to register to vote
making it harder to get on the ballot
giving free tv time to candidates
moving its primary / caucus to an earlier date
63
What is referred to as the "paradox of mass politics" in the US?
That the people think we have a democracy when we do not
how much people complain given how few vote
How obsessed we are with presidential politics over local
the success of our democracy given how little we know
64
All of the following are true of primaries EXCEPT?
they are more common than caucuses
Voters physically meet and discuss candidates
states have them on different dates
there is a ballot
65
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Privatize Social Security.
Republican
Democrat
66
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Get rid of the "death tax" (a.k.a estate taxes)
Democrat
Republican
67
Conservative or liberal? Require photo ID to vote.
conservative
liberal
68
Whst American president is credited with inventing campaigning & inspiring "loyal opposition"?
Andrew Jackson
Thomas Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton
William McKinley
69
All of the following increase the likelihood of voting EXCEPT
being female
being educated
being wealthy
being young
70
What case established a 3 part test for obscenity?
Texas v. Johnson
Schenk v. the United States
Miller v. California
NY Times v. Sullivan
71
All of the following are tasks of political parties EXCEPT
run polls on election day
pick candidates
coordinate campaigns
articulate policies
72
What case said the 14th amendment could extend civil liberties protections to the state level?
Engel v. Vitale
Gitlow v. New York
Schenk v. the United States
Lemon v. Kurtzman
73
What amendment gave women the right to vote?
18th
17th
19th
20th
74
What two multimillionaires dominated the press in the late 1800s, producing yellow journalism?
Cooper and Flanigan
Hearst and Pulitzer
Smith and Wesson
Raymour and Flanigan
75
What was the ruling in Korematsu v. The United States?
Internment of people of Japanese ancestry is constitutional
Internment of Japanese US citizens is unconstitutional
Germans and Italians should also be interned
People of Japanese ancestry born in the US are not citizens
76
This law said suspected terrorists can be wiretapped and residences searched without notice
Patriot Act
Wikileaks Act
Protect America Act
Freedom Act
77
What type of polls are candidates LEAST likely to use?
push polls
exit poLling
voter perception
key word / phrasing polls
78
The case Buckley v. Valeo struck down what part of campaign finance restrictions?
the part that banned hard money
the part that said you must take public funding
the part that said you can't fund your own campaign
the part that banned soft money
79
At the start of our republic, to vote you had to meet all the following criiteria EXCEPT
property owner
white
Christian
male
80
Empty question
81
What gov't agency makes sure that commercial speech is truthful & concerns lawful activity?
Interstate Commerce Commission
Securities and Exchange
Federal Trade Commission
Federal Reserve
82
All of the following were intended to limit black voting EXCEPT
grandfather clauses
poll taxes
literacy tests
primaries
83
This 1896 case ruled that "separate but equal" was constitutional
Plessy v. Ferguson
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Reynolds v. United States
84
For what is Betty Freidan famous?
Being the lead lawyer in Roe v. Wade
founding the National Organization for Women
Starting Ms. Magazine
writing The Feminine Mystique
85
What is the primary reason some states have more delegates than others at the convention?
They more reliably vote for the party
they raise the most money for the party
they have a larger population
they have the most registered party members
86
Why are state party operations so critical to presidential candidates?
They provide endorsements
They do polling
They raise most of the money
They know the election laws in that state
87
What portion of the 14th amendment is the basis for civil rights protections in the US?
elastic clause
the equal protection clause
the due process clause
the free exercise clause
88
Which of the following is an example of a beat?
newscast
narrowcast
press conference
politics
89
What agency oversees radio & television broadcasting & requires licensing?
Public Broadcasting Corporation
Federal Communications Commission
Federal Trade Commission
Securities and Exchange Commission
90
Teacher led prayers violate the
no establishment clause
due process clause
equal protectiion clause
free exercise clause
91
What party did Abraham Lincoln found?
Know Nothing
Republican
Democrat
Whig
92
What person or groups bears the most responsibility for funding and shaping a campaign?
the candidate
interest groups
the bureaucracy
the party
93
In what type of primaries can voters vote for different parties on the same ballot?
closed
bicameral
open
blanket
94
For what primary reason do parties hold primaries and / or caucuses?
To build enthusiasm
To select a candidate for the general election
to produce a party platform
To raise money
95
How were affirmative action programs brought to an end in California?
an executive order by the Governor
an initiative was passed
a court order
the state legislative baody banned it
96
What is a common outcome of lack of party cohesion?
runaway spending
rapid passage of laws
separation of powers
voter apathy
97
How has TV coverage of conventions changed over time?
It is nonexistent
It is more in depth
it is shorter
It is longer
98
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Subsidize renewable energy development.
Democrat
Republican
99
What type of primary do political parties like best?
open
blanket
unicameral
closed
100
What case est. that the least restrictive remedy must be used when limiting adult programming?
NY Times v. Sullivan
United States v. Playboy Entertainment
Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC
Texas v. Johnson
101
All of the following are true of caucuses EXCEPT
Only 12 states hold them
the whole process takes one day
the most fanous ones are in Iowa
they were a tool of party machines and bosses in the past
102
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Support free trade and low tariffs.
conservative
liberal
103
This amendment eliminated the poll tax
23rd
24th
25th
22nd
104
How long do national party conventions typically last?
3 days
4 days
1 day
1 week
105
How has the gov't. ensured press access to the war front & insured context in their reporting?
all war reporters are members of the military
they allow reporters to "embed" with military units
they put no restrictions on the press in war torn areas
the military provides info to be vetted by the press
106
What is the primary reason third parties do not succeed longterm?
voter apathy
campaign funding laws
the winner take all system
state requirementa to get on the ballpt
107
The significance of campaign strategy
is often underestimated
is generally overstated
is that it sets the policy agenda
is that it typically converts voters
108
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "strict scrutiny" standard.
race
age
gender
sexual orientation
109
Which leadership model is related to a direct democracy?
instructed delegate
politico
trustee
division of labor
110
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Put a cap on malpractice lawsuits.
Democrat
Republican
111
All of the following were a part of the 1974 Federal Elections Campaign Act EXCEPT
required reporting of income/spending
a program to publicly fund campaigns was started
required candidtes to take public funds
limited contributions
112
Third parties serve all of the following functions EXCEPT
motivate more people to vote
safety valve for popular discontent
make elections less volatile
inject new issues into the policy agenda
113
The Trial of Peter Zenger in colonial America established what new precedent?
you can criticize gov't officials if the info is true
editorials are held to a different standard
you can be punished if you criticize gov't leaders
all officials criticized have a right f rebuttal
114
What case established it is constitutional to burn the US flag in symbolic protest ?
Tinker v. DesMoines
Texas v. Johnson
Schenk v. the United States
Miller v. California
115
What court cased ruling established that arbitrary gender discrimination is unlawful?
Santa Clara v. Martinez
Shaw v. Hunt
Shaw v. Reno
Reed v. Reed
116
This 1954 case ruled that "separate but equal" was inherently unequal
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Plessy v. Ferguson
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
117
Why does the "Responsible Party Model" work better in Europe than in the U.S.?
They have more party cohesion
Their parties are more organized
They have more parties
They have elections more often
118
What group gained citizenship and could vote in 1924?
migrant workers
native americans
blacks
immigrants
119
Case that said laws not aimed at religious interference but that have that affect are ok
Employment Division v. Smith
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg
Barron v. Baltimore
Engel v. Vitale
120
The Downs Model / Rational Choice Model explains
why we don't have radical parties in the US
why we have polarization
Why third parties tend to fail
Why we have two parties
121
Cesar Chavez led boycotts and demonstrations to get better protections for what group?
women
hispanics
migrant workers
asians
122
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Get rid of the "death tax" (a.k.a estate taxes)
Republican
Democrat
123
What percentage of delegates does a candidate need to get the nomination?
2/3 or 75%
50% +1
100%
the largest percentage of all candidates
124
Which party requires that primary / caucus results be used to assign delegates proportionally?
Democrats
Republicans
125
This case banned teacher led prayer in school
Engel v. Vitale
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Employment Division v. Smith
Gitlow v. New York
126
Time, manner and place restrictions to preserve public order relate to the right to
vote
free speech
pray
assemble
127
In the 1830s, the Supreme Court ruled in Barron v. Baltimore that the Bill of Rights restrained
the state governments
only the federal government
all governments in the US
only the executive power
128
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 defined ___________________ as a form of discrimination.
accommodation
disability
inaccessibility
exclusion
129
What caused a steady increase in the cost of campaigns in the late 1950s and early 60s?
new state election laws
inflation
television
staffing requirements
130
What is a leading contributor to the superficial nature of modern media?
the prevalence of sound bites
consolidation of news outlets
24 hour news channels
Internet ads
131
Who actually votes to nominate candidates at the national convention?
party leaders
electors
voters
delegates
132
What court ruling banned simplistic formulas that advantaged minorities in college admissions?
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Gratz v. Bollinger
Grutter v. Bollinger
Fisher v.University of Texas
133
Which of the following is true of Political Action Committees (PACS)?
There are limits to how much they can accept from any person
they tend to support incumbents
They coordinate closely with their candidate
their donors can remain anonymous
134
What do family, mass media, school and peers have in common related to politics?
They are all agents of socialization
They are all informal
They are all interest groups
They are all potential groups
135
All of the following demographic trends in the U.S. are true EXCEPT:
the population is shifting to the south
The median age is getting higher.
We will soon be a majority minority nation
Blacks outnumber hispanics
136
Another term for prior restraint is
censorship
warrant
subpoena
arrest
137
What types of elections do states have that the federal government does NOT have?
primaries
general elections
policy elections
138
What is the relationship between policy entrepreneurs and media?
policy entrpreneurs depend on media for agenda setting
it is contentious
Media outlets depend on policy entrpreneurs for ratings
it is nonexistent
139
What case established broadcasting can be regulated at a higher standard than newspapers?
Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC
Miller v, California
Texas v. Johnson
NY Times v. Sullivan
140
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "strict scrutiny" standard.
religion
gender
sexual orientation
wealth
141
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Support / expansion of government programs.
liberal
conservative
142
What is the driving focus of organization and action in local political party orgs today?
converting voters
information management and mobilization
patronage
polling and policy positions
143
What party, est. in the 1890s, failed to defeat the Republicans despite support from Democrats?
Populists
Know Nothings
Whigs
Dixiecrats
144
What does it mean when a candidate is being "vetted"?
They are being prepped for a debate
They are being nominated
They are fiundraising
They are being fully "checked out" for any problems
145
What part of the 14th amendment allows selective incorporation of civil liberties protections?
the necessary and propoer clause
the elastic clause
the due process clause
the equal protection clause
146
All of the following undercut the importance of campaign strategy EXCEPT
selective perception
party identification
media culture
incumbency advantage
147
All of the following are purposes of national conventions now EXCEPT
to advertise the candidate
to officially nominate a candidate
to debate policy openly
to energize the party faithful
148
What court ruling banned the use of quotas in university admissions?
Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke
Snyder v. Phelps
Texas v. Johnson
Fisher v.University of Texas
149
This case ruled that "undue burden" will be the lesser standard for abortion restrictions
Griswold v. Connecticut
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
Gideon v. Wainwright
Roe v. Wade
150
What type of communication is most likely to discuss a candidate's positions on the issues?
a poll
interviews with media
tv ads
the nightly news
151
Is political socialization mostly formal or informal in the U.S.?
informal
formal
152
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Protect a woman's right to choose an abortion.
Republican
Democrat
153
All of the following tend to happen as you age EXCEPT
you vote more
you attend to the news
You vote for Democrats
you get more conservative
154
This case ruled that women have a right to an abortion in the 1st trimester without restriction
Gideon v. Wainwright
Roe v. Wade
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
Griswold v. Connecticut
155
Media tends to be biased in all the following ways EXCEPT?
they focus on issues
they tend to be liberal
They focus on individuals
They focus on odd/ unusual
156
All of the following are cases that upheld the death penalty EXCEPT
Furman v. Georgia
McClesky v. Kemp
Gregg v. Georgia
Griswold v. Connecticut
157
This court case established the "medium scrutiny" standard for gender-based classification
ERA v. Hunt
Reed v. Reed
Schaffley v. Hoke
Craig v. Boren
158
How do U.S. elections compare with European ones?
They are longer, more exspensive and more common
They are longer but cheaper
They are shorter but more expensive
They are faster, cheaper, and less common
159
What law requires employers to reasonable accommodate people with disabilities?
The Disabled Freedom Act
The Handicapped Bill of Rights
The Americans With Disabilities Act
The Disabled Accommodation Act
160
All of the following are a types of third parties we have seen in US politics EXCEPT
issue / cause
revolutionary
splinter
popular person-based
161
What was the goal of the McGovern-Fraser Commission in the 1960s?
to eliminate caucuses in favor of primaries
to make delegate selection more democratic
to regulate campaign finance
to streamline platform writing
162
A trial balloon is usually preceded by a
beat
leak
scandal
interview
163
This amendment gave black males the right to vote
15th
13th
14th
12th
164
This amendment ended slavery
13th
15th
14th
12th
165
How do slander and libel differ as forms of defamation?
slander is a misdemeanor and libel is a felony
libel concerns a group and skander an indiviidual
libel in spoken and slander is written
slander is spoken and libel is written

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