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Final exam Review Earth Science
Final exam Review Earth Science
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#geology #volcanoes #earthquakes
Flashcards
67 cards
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Questions
67
Answers
1
What is the mercalli scale?
measures how much damage was caused by earthquakes
measures how much total energy is produced in earthquakes
2
What is the best label for this diagram?
divergent boundary
plate tectonics
3
What is a focus?
the point of the surface above where rock breaks
the point beneath the surface where rock breaks
4
A place where two plates slip past each other in opposite directions is called?
divergent boundary
transform boundary
5
Geologists obtain indirect evidence about the earth's layers by?
directly looking under the many layers
recording and studying seismic waves
6
What is the best label for this diagram?
convergent boundary
divergent boundary
7
Which type of boundary is this?
divergent
convergent
8
What is a transform boundary?
where 2 plates move past each other in opposite directions
a plate boundary where 2 plates move towards each other
9
What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of the Earth's layers?
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
10
The geological theory that states that pieces of the lithosphere are in constant, slow motion?
subduction
plate tectonics
11
Which mineral can scratch quartz?
Topaz, corundum and diamond
All of the minerals listed
12
The place where two plates come together is known as?
rift valley
convergent boundary
13
What is a convergent boundary?
a boundary where 2 plates move away from each other
a boundary where 2 plates move towards each other
14
Heat transfer within a fluid takes place by
radiation
convection currents
15
A mineral is
inorganic
, it means it contains...
compounds
no materials that were once part of living things
16
What is the hardest known mineral?
diamond
talc
17
Which feature is created by this boundary?
rift valley
oceanic trench
18
What occurs at the diagram below?
earthquake
mid ocean ridge
19
The type of seismic waves that arrive first and move like an accordion.
S waves
P waves
20
What is the definition of continental drift?
the hypothesis that continents slowly over earth's surface
the theory: the crust is slowly moving by convection current
21
What occurs at the diagram?
earthquake
rift valley
22
Who developed the theory of plate tectonics?
Wegener
T Wilson
23
What is divergent boundary?
a boundary where 2 plates move away from each other
a boundary where 2 plates move towards each other
24
What occurs at the diagram?
mountain ranges
earthquake
25
Which scale would tell us how much
damage
an earthquake caused?
richter
mercalli
moment magnitude
26
What is a volcano?
the shaking of the earth's crust
a weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface
27
Earth's inner core is...
a dense ball of solid metal
a layer of molten metal
28
What is the definition of era?
One of the 3 long units of time making up a timeline
One of the units of geologic time
29
How do igneous rocks form?
melting
solidification of magma
30
What is the definition of plate tectonics?
the hypothesis that continents slowly move over the surface
the theory the crust in moving using convection currents?
31
What is the name of layer 3?
outer core
inner core
32
Scientists think that convection currents flow in Earth's?
continents
mantle
33
Which state of matter is the inner core?
liquid
solid
34
Any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock is called?
landmass
fossil
35
Earth's mantle is
a dense ball of solid metal
a layer of molten metal
36
What is the name of layer 2?
mantle
outer core
37
What type of earthquake wave can travel through
both
liquids and solids?
P waves
S waves
38
What is the best label for this diagram?
convergent boundary
transform boundary
39
What is the best label for this diagram?
divergent boundary
transform boundary
40
How does sediment form?
melting
erosion
41
Using data from seismic waves, we have learned the earth's interior is made up of many?
continents
layers
42
What is the definition of fossil?
a trace of an organism that has been preserved in rock
an energy-rich substance from remains of organisms
43
The color of a mineral's powder is called?
luster
streak
44
Compared to P waves, S waves move?
slower
faster
45
Which type of evidence was NOT used by Wegener?
evidence from climate
evidence from human remains
46
Which plate boundary is this?
convergent
invisible
47
According to Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift,
the continents were once joined together in one landmass.
earth is slowly cooling and shrinking.
48
What does a seismograph record?
the speed of seismic waves
the ground movements caused by seismic waves
49
Was the theory of continental drift accepted when the scientist was alive?
no
yes
50
What is an epicenter?
the point of the surface directly above the break in rock
the point beneath the surface where rock breaks
51
Which scientist developed continental drift theory?
T Wilson
Wegener
52
Which piece of evidence(s) below supports theory of continental drift?
evidence from fossils
evidence of land features
all of the above
evidence from climate
53
What occurs at the diagram of two continental plates colliding?
trench
mountain ranges
54
Heat and pressure deep beneath earth's surface can change rock into?
sedimentary rock
metamorphic rock
55
What is Pangaea?
another for continental drift
the name of the supercontinent
56
In what direction do seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake?
away from the focus
toward the focus
57
The point beneath the earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake
focus
epicenter
58
What is the best label for this picture?
seismograph
mercalli scale
59
What is the name of layer 1?
mantle
crust
60
What is the definition of geologic time scale?
a record of geologic events & life forms in earth's history
the geologic events and life forms
61
A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a boundary make a?
mountain range
rift valley
62
How does sedimentary rock form?
melting and solidification
erosion and lithification
63
The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep ocean trench and into the mantle ?
subduction
conduction
64
Most geologists think the movement of earth's plates is caused by
convection currents in the mantle
earth's magnetic field
65
What is the composition of the mantle?
molten rock
solid rock
66
What is the richter scale?
measures the magnitude or size of seismic waves
measures the total energy released in an earthquake
67
Most geologists rejected Wegeners' hypothesis because?
he could not identify or explain the force involved
he used several ideas of support
