Social psychology is the study of ...

the real or imagined influence of other people

Which of the following statements best illustrates self-perception theory?

"I often don't know what I like until I see what I do."

What is a major assumption of Kelley's covariation model of attribution?

We gather information to make causal attributions rationally

What do social psychology and sociology have in common?

They both are concerned with group processes

Which of the following is true about social psychological findings?

They sometimes seem obvious after we learn about them

The social comparison theory is the idea that ...

we learn ab our abilities by comparing ourselves to others

Which is the best definition of an independent view of the self?

Defining oneself in terms of one's own internal thoughts

Researchers who study social cognition assume that people ...

Try to view the world as accurately as possible

Which of the following statements about impression management is true?

It can be a conscious or unconscious process

Which of the following is true about cross-cultural research in social psychology?

Its purpose is to see which findings are universal

Which of the following research topics is one that a social psychologist might investigate?

Why some situations are more likely to provoke aggression

Which of the following is the best way to increase external validity of a study?

Replicate the study with a different population and setting

those in Western cultures tend to think like _, those in Eastern cultures tend to think like _

personality psychologists; social psychologists

Which of these is not an example of upward social comparison?

Comparing your responsibility to a 13 year old's

A fixed mindset is the idea that ...

we have a fixed amount of an ability that cannot change

The basic dilemma of the social psychologist is that ...

There is a trade-off between internal and external validity

Which of the following is true about the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)?

IRBs review studies before they are conducted

In social psychology, why is construal so important?

Behavior is affected by one's interpretation of events

When people focus attention on themselves, they ...

compare their behavior to their internal standards/values

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[PSY314] Social Psychology Exam 1

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Questions 104

Answers

1
People first experience physiological arousal then seek an appropriate emotional explanation
Self-decoding theory
Two-factor theory of emotion
Self-perception theory
Self-concept
2
Social psychology is the study of ...
social institutions, such as the church or school
the real or imagined influence of other people
social events, such as football games and dances
psychological processes, such as dreaming
3
A description of the way in which people explain the causes of their own and others' behavior
Attribution theory
Primacy effect
Decoding effect
Internal attribution process
4
A method in which a researcher examines the accumulated documents of a culture
Archival analysis
Correlational method
Ethnography
Construal
5
Which of the following psychological phenomena shows the least cultural variation?
Fundamental attribution error
Self-serving attributions
Preferences regarding eye contact and personal space
Anger facial expressions
6
Which of the following statements best illustrates self-perception theory?
"I often don't know what I like until I see what I do."
"I get a warm feeling inside when I hear my favorite songs."
"I like classical music because my wife always plays it."
"I might not know why, but I know what I like."
7
What is a major assumption of Kelley's covariation model of attribution?
We make attributions after seeing one instance of behavior
We gather information to make causal attributions rationally
We infer causes of others' behaviors through introspection
People make causal attributions using cultural schemas
8
What do social psychology and sociology have in common?
They both are concerned with personality differences
They both examine demographic trends in society
They both are concerned with group processes
They both study national institutions
9
Thinking that the findings of a study are obvious and predictable is an example of ...
external validity
internal validity
psychological realism
the hindsight bias
10
Type of thinking in which people focus on objects without considering their surrounding context
Analytic thinking style
Controlled thinking
Holistic thinking style
Counterfactual thinking
11
First making an automatic internal attribution then thinking about possible situational reasons
Internal-External Attribution
Corrective Attribution Process
Perpetual Salience
Two-Step Attribution Process
12
A mental shortcut where one bases judgements on what they can easily recall
Judgemental heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
Availability heuristic
Base rate information
13
Who would ask this: Are northerners more prone to violence than southerners?
social psychologist
sociologist
personality psychologist
all of the above
14
The easier it is to mentally undo an outcome, the stronger the emotional reaction to it
Analytical thinking style
Counterfactual thinking
Cognitive dissonance
Schemas
15
The process whereby people look inward to examine their own thoughts, feelings, and motives ...
Independent analyzation
Self-awareness process
Introspection
Self-centering
16
Which of these is least likely to pass the "mirror" test, suggesting some self-concept?
An orangutan
A chimpanzee
A 3-year-old human child
A 12-month-old human infant
17
Which of the following is not a function of the self?
Impression management
Self-control
Self-knowledge
Self-criticism
18
Which of the following is true about social psychological findings?
They sometimes seem obvious after we learn about them
Most people could easily predict them in advance of knowing
19
Who would ask this: Are conscientious people more likely to be liberal?
all of the above
sociologist
social psychologist
personality psychologist
20
The social comparison theory is the idea that ...
low self-esteem is from comparing ourselves to similar peers
we are often compared to other people by our peers
we learn ab our abilities by comparing ourselves to others
comparing ourselves to others is unavoidable and unfortunate
21
Which is the best definition of an independent view of the self?
Defining oneself in terms of one's relationships to others
Someone who enjoys activities such as reading and poetry
Defining oneself in terms of one's own internal thoughts
Someone who enjoys activities such as team sports
22
The first traits we perceive in others influences how we view information that we learn later
Primacy effect
Impression effect
Belief perseverance
Thin-slicing
23
When thinking about other people, which of these will we see as central to their self-concept?
Their memories
Their physical attributes
Their preferences and attitudes
Their morals
24
People often pursue goals that have been recently primed without realizing it
True
False
25
Which of these is not an example of the observational method?
Archival analysis
Ethnography
All of these use the observational method
Surveys
26
Researchers who study social cognition assume that people ...
Distort reality to view themselves favorably
Can't think clearly with other people around them
Are driven by the need to control others
Try to view the world as accurately as possible
27
Which of the following statements about impression management is true?
It can be a conscious or unconscious process
It involves an effort to depict the self accurately
It occurs in person but not during online interactions
Tends to be counterproductive, "rubs people the wrong way"
28
The analytic thinking style is where people focus on the overall context of an object
False
True
29
Which of the following is true about cross-cultural research in social psychology?
Its purpose is to see which findings are universal
Most findings are universal across virtually all cultures
Researcher travels to another country and replicates a study
30
The inference that a person is behaving a certain way because of something about the situation
Internal attribution
Environmental attribution theory
Context effect
External attribution
31
Which of the following involves the least amount of automatic thinking?
Counterfactual reasoning
Using metaphors about the body to make judgements
Acting according to goals that have been primed
Self-fulfilling prophecies
32
Which of the following research topics is one that a social psychologist might investigate?
Why some situations are more likely to provoke aggression
Brain abnormalities that produce aggression when provoked
How rates of violence change over time within a culture
Why murder rates vary across cultures
33
How do social psychologists formulate hypotheses and theories?
They disagree with a previous researcher's interpretations
All of these are correct
They construct hypotheses/theories based on everyday life
They are inspired by previous theories and research
34
How much psychological processes triggered in experiment are similar to those in everyday life
Psychological realism
External validity
Construal
Internal validity
35
Which of the following is the best way to increase external validity of a study?
Replicate the study with a different population and setting
Conduct the study in the laboratory instead of the field
Make sure you have at least two dependent variables
Make sure it is low in psychological realism
36
those in Western cultures tend to think like _, those in Eastern cultures tend to think like _
personality psychologists; social psychologists
introverts; extraverts
psychologists; sociologists
children; adults
37
Which of these is not an example of upward social comparison?
Comparing your swimming skills to Michael Phelps
Comparing your instagram followers to Selena Gomez's
Comparing your wealth to Bill Gates's wealth
Comparing your responsibility to a 13 year old's
38
Which of the following is not one of the six known universal emotional expressions?
Anger
Embarrassment
Sadness
Disgust
39
A fixed mindset is the idea that ...
those raised in one culture cannot adopt another culture
opinions cannot easily be changed once they are formed
we have a fixed amount of an ability that cannot change
achievements are the result of hard work and strategizing
40
The basic dilemma of the social psychologist is that ...
It is nearly impossible to use a random selection
There is a trade-off between internal and external validity
Almost all social behavior is influenced by culture
It is hard to teach to students
41
The tendency to stick with an initial judgement even in the face of new, contrary information
Impression effect
Primary effect
First impression bias
Belief perseverance
42
Coding posts on Facebook pages to see if people express more positivity on certain days is ...
Survey
Experimental method
Ethnography
Archival analysis
43
Which of the following is true about the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)?
You can decide whether to have an IRB approve research
IRBs must be made up entirely of nonscientists
The IRB reviews research after it is conducted
IRBs review studies before they are conducted
44
Ann gets a better participation grade when she sits by the prof's podium. This is most like ...
the two-step process of attribution
the teacher's construal
the teacher's use of schemas
perceptual salience
45
_____ is expressing nonverbal behavior, while ______ is interpreting it
Encoding; decoding
Emoting; receiving
Symboling; translating
Ciphering; deciphering
46
In social psychology, why is construal so important?
People are aware of their biases in perceiving events
People realize that other people see things the way they do
Behavior is determined by one's objective circumstances
Behavior is affected by one's interpretation of events
47
Humans can only think about one thing at a time in a conscious and controlled way
False
True
48
The study of how we form impressions of and make inferences about other people
Social perception
Communiology
Sociology
Ethnography
49
When people focus attention on themselves, they ...
are less likely to drink alcohol or bring eat
are less likely to follow their moral standards
compare their behavior to their internal standards/values
almost always like what they see about themselves
50
The process whereby people flatter, praise, and try to make themselves likable to others
Positive impression management
Self-flattery
Ingratiation
Self-enhancement
51
When people make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel the way they do
Misattribution of arousal
Fundamental attribution error
Self-decoding error
Error of emotion theory
52
Which of these is a common emblem in the United States?
Using hashtags on instagram photos and twitter posts
Referring to your friends as your "squad"
Rarely making actual calls and mainly sticking to texting
Holding up the pointer and middle finger to mean "peace"
53
Which thinking style do those who grew up in East Asian cultures typically have?
Holistic thinking style
Analytic thinking style
54
What was the main contribution of Gestalt psychology to social psychology?
It added an understanding of how the brain works
It showed that the whole is larger than the sum of its parts
It emphasized how people perceived the physical world
It added historical perspective to the study of behavior
55
Facial expressions in which the face registers multiple emotions at once are called ...
Multipressions
Affect blends
Emblems
Mixed displays
56
The desire to engage in an activity because we enjoy it or find it interesting
Performance contingency
Extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation
Task contingency
57
Bad things happen to bad people and good things happen to good people
The Karma Solution
Belief in a Just World
Self-Serving Attributions
Perceptual Salience
58
People's specific plans about where, when, and how they'll fulfill a goal and avoid temptation
Implementation intentions
Goal tuning
Restriction-planning method
Self-control
59
Bob changes his answer to a test question, then later finds out his original answer was correct
He is likely to avoid similar games in the future
He is likely to experience cognitive dissonance
He is likely to engage in counterfactual thinking
60
Research indicates that which of these political candidates would be most likely to win?
Theo, who many assume is gay based only on his appearance
Jo, whose face indicates a calculating, powerful personality
Vanessa, who has large eyes and a small, child-like nose
Denise, whose face indicates a warm personality
61
The seeming importance of information that is the focus of people's attention
Perpetual salience
Consensus information
Attribution of focus
Fundamental Importance Effect
62
A growth mindset is the idea that ...
anyone can continually develop new personality traits
as we grow up, our experiences shape our future mindset
achievement is the result of hard work and strategizing
we have a set amount of an ability that can eventually grow
63
To get an accurate assessment of her volleyball skills, Mary should compare her abilities to ..
a senior who was the best player on the team last year
a sophomore who has less experience than Mary in volleyball
the coach of the team
a sophomore with about the same amount of experience as Mary
64
How people select, interpret, remember, and use social information to make judgements/decisions
Social cognition
Hindsight effect
Construal
Social psychology
65
Which of the following is an example of a culturally-learned causal theory?
"Read between the lines"
"All that glitters isn't gold"
"Absence makes the heart grow fonder"
"All for one, and one for all"
66
Which of the following is a basic assumption that social psychologists make?
We will never know why social problems occur
It is hard to study effects because everyone is different
Many social problems can be studied scientifically
67
Which of these topics would most interest a social psychologist?
How levels of extraversion affected views of presidents
The extent to which peoples' social class predicts income
What passers-by on the street think of global warming
How one's peer group affects likeliness to cheat on a test
68
What judgmental heuristic is being used if you guess a student at UKY is from Kentucky?
Availability heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
Base rate information
69
The idea that people evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values
Self-awareness theory
Self-concept
Independent view of the self
Introspection
70
The inference that a person is behaving in a certain way because of their character/personality
External attribution
Presence effect
Character bias
Internal attribution
71
The tendency for people to be overly optimistic about how soon they will complete a project
Availability heuristic
Abomasum effect
Counterfactual thinking
Planning fallacy
72
The observational method is best at answering which of these questions?
In public, are southerners more polite than northerners?
How polite are people in public places?
Does music in stores influence shoppers' politeness?
What makes people act politely or rudely in public places?
73
Social psychologists often do experiments in the laboratory, instead of the field, to ...
decrease psychological realism
increase external validity
increase internal validity
conduct a meta-analysis
74
The desire to engage in an activity because of external rewards or pressures
Outward motivation
Extrinsic motivation
Performance contingency
Intrinsic motivation
75
Which of the following is the best example of a task-contingent reward?
A kid receives a participation award for being on swim team
A dog receives a treat for doing tricks correctly
A girl receives a metal for coming in first in gymnastics
A basketball team wins a game because they had more points
76
Although he claims to hate reality TV, Sid never misses an episode of Hoarders. This is ...
low in distinctiveness
low in consensus
high in distinctiveness
low in consistency
77
Drawing meaningful conclusions about someones personality or skills based on brief interaction
Conclusion heuristic
Impression effect
Thin-slicing
Affect blending
78
Construal is ...
How you perceive, comprehend, and interpret the social world
An attempt to explain social psychology in terms of genetics
People's evaluations of their own self-worth
The conviction that we perceive things "as they really are"
79
Which of the following is not a way in which schemas can become accessible in people's minds?
Schemas can be accessible because of people's experiences
The more negative a schema is, typically the more accessible
They can be accessible if they relate to our current goals
Schemas can become temporarily accessible because of priming
80
A psychologist joins a local commune to observe its members' social relationships. This is ...
an experiment
cross-cultural research
ethnography
applied research
81
Which of the following is the best example of a performance-contingent reward?
All of the children in class who read any book get candy
A kid receives a participation award for being on swim team
The dentist gives all children a sticker once they are done
Paula gets extra credit because she won the kahoot game
82
The overall set of beliefs that people have about their personal attributes is ...
Self-esteem
Self-concept
Self-familiarity
Internal knowledge
83
Mental shortcut where people classify a thing according to how similar it is to a typical case
Fundamental attribution error
Representativeness heuristic
Judgemental heuristic
Availability heuristic
84
The method by which researchers attempt to study a group by observing it from the inside
Correlational method
Observational method
Ethnography
Archival analysis
85
The two-step process of attribution suggests that ...
1)External attribution 2)Correct for dispositional influence
If attribution process is interrupted no attribution is made
1)Internal attribution 2)Correct for situational influence
Americans commonly commit the fundamental attribution error
86
What is the "level of analysis" for a social psychologist?
A person's level of reasoning
The social situation itself
The individual in the context of a social situation
A person's level of achievement
87
"Naïve realism" refers to the fact that ...
Most people believe they perceive things accurately
Few people are realistic
Most people are naïve about psychology
Most people would rather be naïve than accurate
88
Crediting one's success to internal factors and one's failure to external factors
Performance Attribution
Self-Serving Attributions
Double Standard Attribution Effect
Internal-External Bias
89
Which is the best definition of an interdependent view of the self?
Someone who enjoys activities such as reading and poetry
Someone who enjoys activities such as team sports
Defining oneself in terms of one's relationships to others
Defining oneself in terms of one's own internal thoughts
90
Type of thinking where people focus on the overall context and how objects relate to each other
Holistic thinking style
Counterfactual thinking
Controlled thinking
Analytic thinking style
91
No one except your boss yells at Hannah. According to the Covariation Model, this is ...
High consensus
High distinctiveness
Low consistency
Low consensus
92
What does the Wall Street Game reveal about personality and situation?
Cooperative people try to get opponents to work with them
The name of the game strongly influences how people play
Competitiveness is not determined by a game's name
The name of the game makes no difference in strategy
93
Automatic thinking is vital to human survival, but it is not perfect and can lead to mistakes
True
True but in yellow
False
94
Information about the frequency of members of different categories in the population is ...
Representativeness information
Base rate information
Applied research
Cover story
95
Social psychologists would look for explanations of a mans violent behavior primarily in ...
his aggressive personality traits
what his father taught him
possible genetic contributions
how his peer group behaves
96
The fundamental attribution error is best defined as the tendency to ...
explain all behavior entirely in terms of personality traits
explain all behavior in terms of the social situation
believe that peoples' peer group influences their behavior
97
Impression management is ...
doing introspection to analyze one's impression of someone
ensuring our impressions of others are unbiased
the attempt by people to control how others see them
98
Social psychology had its origins in ...
Biological psychology
Freudian psychology
Behavioral psychology
Gestalt psychology
99
Mental structures people use to organize their knowledge about the social world
Schemas
Social cognition
Automatic thinking
Construals
100
What do social psychology and personality psychology have in common?
They both focus on genetic contributions to personality
They both focus on the individual
They both focus on formative childhood experiences
They both focus on personality traits
101
For social psychologists, the likely explanation of the mass suicide at Jonestown was ...
members of the cult were mentally unstable or depressed
the open, welcoming nature of the cult
the cult leader used hypnotism or drugs to coerce followers
processes that could ensnare almost any healthy person
102
Which of these is an example of display rules in the United States?
Elders and higher-ups should be addressed by Mr./Ms. [name]
A student shouldn't flick off a professor
High school teachers cannot show students explicit videos
Certain cuss words cannot be said in TV shows
103
Who of the following individuals is most likely to make a self-serving attribution?
Roger, a pro tennis player with over a decade of experience
Maria, a baseball player who has won multiple championships
Rory, a golfer in the early stages of his career
Alex, a basketball player who has played since he was young
104
The correlational method is best at answering which of these questions?
Does music in stores influence shoppers' politeness?
What makes people act politely or rudely in public places?
How polite are people in public places?
In public, are southerners more polite than northerners?

[PSY314] Social Psychology Exam 1 Flashcards | StudBud