Scientists and Enlightenment Thinkers

Question 1

Created Encyclopedias. Purpose was to change the general way of thinking with govt, philosophy, and religion.

Accepted Answer

Diderot

Question 2

Best way to protect liberty was to divide functions and powers of government. Each branch would check the others' power.

Accepted Answer

Montesquieu

Question 3

Revolution of the Heavenly Sphere, heliocentric (sun-centered) model of the universe.

Accepted Answer

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 4

Perfected the microscope, became 1st human to see cells and microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 5

Focused on human reasoning and created deductive reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Rene Descartes

Question 6

Assembled a telescope and observed the 4 moons of Jupiter. Put on trial by the Church and recanted.

Accepted Answer

Galileo Galilei

Question 7

Father of Chemistry, matter is composed of tiny particles. Explained temperature & pressure on gases.

Accepted Answer

Robert Boyle

Question 8

Only education can give women the tools they need to participate equally with men in public life.

Accepted Answer

Wollstonecraft

Question 9

The Social Contract, good of community should be placed above individual interests.

Accepted Answer

Rousseau

Question 10

Created the 3 Laws of Planetary motion, calculated the orbits of the planets, proving that they move in an ellipse.

Accepted Answer

Johannes Kepler

Question 11

Provided evidence that supported Copernicus's heliocentric worldview. Used data & observation, proved moon & planet mvmt

Accepted Answer

Tycho Brahe

Question 12

Wrote On the Structure of the Human Body, which was the 1st accurate & detailed study of human anatomy.

Accepted Answer

Andreas Vesalius

Question 13

Father of surgery. Developed new surgical techniques, introduced artificial limbs, invented several sci. instruments.

Accepted Answer

Ambroise Pare

Question 14

People are basically reasonable and moral. Natural rights should not be violated--life, liberty, and property.

Accepted Answer

Locke

Question 15

Believed in laissez faire: businesses should operate with little or no government interference.

Accepted Answer

Smith

Question 16

People are naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish. Only a powerful government can make an orderly society.

Accepted Answer

Hobbes

Question 17

Published book explaining law of gravity. Partially invented calculus.

Accepted Answer

Isaac Newton

Question 18

Exposed abuses of his day (religious, slave trade, corrupt govt). Believed in dividing church & state.

Accepted Answer

Voltaire

Question 19

Father of the Scientific Method, focused on inductive reasoning (experimentation and observation).

Accepted Answer

Francis Bacon

Questions 19