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Semester 1 Review Part (MP 1 & 2) Flashcards | StudBud
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Semester 1 Review Part (MP 1 & 2)
Semester 1 Review Part (MP 1 & 2)
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Foundational Biology Basics
Flashcards
60 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
60
Answers
1
The process of photosynthesis:
is used by all photoautotrophs
requires a mitochondria
makes a bulk amount of ATP
is only carried out by plants
2
If an animal cell explodes, it:
was in a isotonic solution
was in a hypertonic solution (cytolysis)
was in equilibrium with the external environment
was in a hypotonic solution (cytolysis)
3
Which section of the graph includes the point at which the enzyme started to denature?
IV
II
III
I
4
The movement of water from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration across a cell membrane?
passive transport: facilitated diffusion
passive transport: diffusion
passive transport: osmosis
passive transport: endocytosis
5
What is the purpose of DNA?
to make proteins
to build amino acids
to hold & pass on genetic information from parent to offspring
to make RNA
6
Which of the following is not part of a DNA nucleotide?
phosphate group
uracil nitrogenous base
5-carbon sugar deoxyribose
thymine nitrogenous base
7
All prokaryotes:
include the bacterial kingdoms
lack a cell membrane
lack a cell wall
lack the ability to make ATP
8
Unicellular organisms:
are strictly prokaryotic
are always eukaryotic
only include bacteria
are made of one cell only
9
What is the
total magnification
if looking at a cheek cell on low power?
100X
40X
400X
10X
10
A control variable is:
what you measure in an experiment.
used for a basis of comparison during an experiment.
the variable that you are testing during an experiment
held "constant" between the experimental and control group
11
An R-group, central carbon, carboxyl group and amino group:
nucleotide
ATP
polysaccharide
amino acid
12
How does an enzyme do its job?
lowers activation energy
through hydrolysis only
Raise activation energy
through dehydration synthesis only
13
If solute molecule moves through a phospholipid bilayer from an area of high concentration to low concentration, it is:
osmosis (active transport)
osmosis (passive transport)
diffusion (passive transport)
facilitated diffusion (passive transport)
14
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
nucleotide
monosaccharides
fatty acids
amino acid
15
Which is NOT part of modern cell theory?
all cells contain a nucleus
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
All cell cells come from pre-existing cells.
All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
16
I knew most of this stuff... my mid-term exam grade is looking A-okay!!
True
False
17
The graph shows the enzyme activity is optimal at
60 °C
Increasing activity
40 Seconds
40 °C
18
Which of the following is not group of macromolecules?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
DNA
19
What is the dependent variable?
distance (m)
time (sec)
the elephant
average speed
20
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
nitrogenous base
monosaccharide
amino acid
nucleotide
21
What organelle is found in plants, but not in animals?
mitochondria
cell membrane
golgi body
cell wall
22
Which of the following is/are a function(s) of nucleic acids?
serves as an energy source when carbs, lipids and proteins are scarce
protein synthesis (DNA) & "holding" the genetic code (RNA)
protein synthesis (RNA) & "holding" the genetic code (DNA)
creating new cells and dividing the cells
23
Combined heredity occurs in:
asexual reproduction
is a means to produce clones
sexual reproduction
requires genetic input from RNA
24
What organism would use alcoholic fermentation as a method of anaerobic cellular respiration if no O
2
was available?
yeast (fungi)
protists
plants
animals
25
What is a heterotroph?
organism that carries out chemosynthesis or photosynthesis
organism that makes its own food
organism that is a producer
organism that consumes
26
What is the main function of a chloroplast?
use light to make glucose (photosynthesis) for use in cell respiration
use light to make CO2 and water (photosynthesis)
make ATP (aerobic cell respiration)
use chemicals to make glucose (photosynthesis)
27
What organelles do animal cells have that plant cells don't have?
cytoplasm, cell membranes & Golgi
cilia and flagella
cell membranes, contractile vacuoles, & chloroplasts
cell membranes, contractile vacuoles, & mitochondria
28
Cell eating:
passive transport (diffusion)
active transport (endocytosis- phagocytosis)
active transport (exocytosis)
active transport (endocytosis- pinocytosis)
29
What is the monomer of proteins?
fatty acids
nucleotides
amino acids
monosaccharides
30
Which of the following kingdoms is
strictly
eukaryotic, heterotrophic and multicellular?
plants
fungus
bacteria
animals
31
What is the cell membrane made of?
amino acids
phospholipids & proteins
proteins
carbohydrates
32
What is true of
both
cell respiration and photosynthesis?
both occur in animals
both occur in fungus
glucose is a reactant in both
both require some ATP in order to make the final products of their process
33
Anaerobic cell respiration:
occurs in the mitochondria
requires no oxygen
requires oxygen
can only be used by bacteria
34
What is the main use of carbohydrates in humans?
build cellulose
build muscle
stored source of energy (2nd source)
quick source of energy (first source)
35
What does a mitochondria do?
package proteins
generates a bulk # of ATP for a prokaryotic cell
transports sugar
generates a bulk # of ATP for a eukaryotic cell
36
Which of the following is not a function of proteins?
act as a genetic blueprint
build healthy hair, skin and nails
allow for muscle movement
transport oxygen through the bloodstream
37
In what kingdom do you find chloroplasts, central vacuoles and cell walls?
bacteria
animals
plants
fungus
38
What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
eukaryotes have true nuclei, membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotes don't
prokaryotes belong to domain Eukarya and eukaryotes belong to domain Archae
eukaryotes include bacteria and prokaryotes include all other kingdoms
prokaryotes have organelles and eukaryotes do not
39
The sum of all chemical reactions in the body:
glycolysis
metabolism
fermentation
aerobic respiration
40
What is required to run most cellular functions?
coffee
ATP
sunlight
a true nucleus
41
If a plant cell wilts (shrivels), it
is in a hypotonic environment & undergoes plasmolysis
is in a hypertonic environment & undergoes turgor pressure
is in a hypotonic environment & undergoes turgor pressure
is in a hypertonic environment & undergoes plasmolysis
42
What is the function of an enzyme?
protein that speeds up reactions
amino acid that speeds up reactions
building blocks of proteins
protein that slow down reactions
43
What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?
there is no difference, both are active transport
osmosis is active transport and diffusion is passive tyransport
diffusion is the movement of water and osmosis the movement of solutes
diffusion is the movement of solutes and osmosis the movement of water
44
Lactic acid fermentation is:
occurs in yeast cells
an anaerobic process
makes ATP for a cell
makes wine, beer & bread
45
Asexual reproduction:
cells that are produced and genetically distinct.
a process where the cells create identical copies of itself
sexual reproduction to produce living cells not identical
the process to create a child
46
What is an autotroph?
organism that can't make food on its own
organism that carries out heterotrophism- makes its own food
organism that has to eat (consumer)
organism that makes its own food via photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
47
What is the basic unit of structure and function of life?
organelle
atom
cell
nucleus
48
Nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids?
A, U, C, G
A, T, U, C
A, U, C, T, G
A, T, C, G
49
What makes something aerobic?
requires light
releases carbon dioxide
requires glucose
requires oxygen
50
Which cannot denature an enzyme?
concentration of substrates
high temperatures
pH
salinity
51
the independent variable?
Catalyst
Enzyme activity
Time
Temperature
52
Pinocytosis:
passive transport: diffusion
active transport: cell eating; a type of exocytosis
active transport: cell drinking, a type of endocytosis
passive transport: osmosis
53
Same stable levels of internal body conditions:
homeostasis
negative feedback
metabolism
growth & development
54
The non-experimental group; the basis of comparison that does not reveive the independent variable.
control group
dependent variable
control variable
experimental group
55
The X-axis on a graph....
control variable
independent variable
dependent variable
control group
56
Lipids include all of the following biochemicals except for
waxes
oils
triglyderides/fats
disaccharides
57
What is the monomer of a lipid?
they don't have any- they are technically one really big monomer
amino acids
monosaccharides
nucleotides
58
What is the independent variable?
why the baby woke
how much sleep Mr. Ponticelli lost watching the baby.
how many times baby woke
number of hours of TV the baby watched
59
What is the dependent variable?
the type of TV shows the baby watched
the amount of TV the baby watched at night
How often Mr. Ponticelli woke during the night
How many times the baby woke during the night
60
Which is
NOT
a job of proteins?
regulate our blood sugar
short-term energy storage
build beaks, claws and nails
assist in cell transport
