Biological Approach Studies Review

Question 1

The Holzel et al. study found significant changes in gray matter in brain areas related to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 2

What type of experimental design was used in the Hassett et al. study?

Accepted Answer

Independent measures

Question 3

How many observers coded behaviors in the Hassett et al. study?

Accepted Answer

Two

Question 4

What was made available to the monkeys in this compound?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 5

The Dement & Kleitman study was a lab experiment with high levels of control. What weakness might the method have?

Accepted Answer

low ecological validity

Question 6

In the Holzel et al. study, what was used to scan the participants' brains?

Accepted Answer

MRI

Question 7

Which of the following was NOT one of the methods employed by Dement & Kleitman?

Accepted Answer

longitudinal

Question 8

Which side of the Nature and Nurture debate does Hassett et al’s study on monkey toy preferences side with?

Accepted Answer

Nature- biologically determined preferences for toys

Question 9

The FFMQ, used by Holzel, is a scale to measure five factors of mindfulness. How many items are there on the test?

Accepted Answer

39

Question 10

In the Dement & Kleitman study, a participant who had vertical REM reported dreaming about...

Accepted Answer

climbing a ladder

Question 11

What was the average time spent per day by participants in the Holzel study practicing the formal homework exercises?

Accepted Answer

27 minutes per day

Question 12

The MBSR group (Holzel) saw a small cluster of increased gray matter concentration in which region of interest (ROI)?

Accepted Answer

Left hippocampus

Question 13

"[Hassett et al.] think it _____ that monkey toy preferences reflect socialization processes..." rather than biological.

Accepted Answer

unlikely

Question 14

Which of the following is a control used by the Holzel et al. study?

Accepted Answer

All participants were physically healthy.

Question 15

The voxel-based morphometry (VBM) tools measured what aspects of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Both

Question 16

The Hassett et al. study conducted 7 trials lasting how many minutes each?

Accepted Answer

25 minutes

Question 17

Who shows more preference for stereotypical toys in the Hassett et al. study?

Accepted Answer

Male rhesus monkey

Question 18

What research method did Hassett et al use?

Accepted Answer

Field experiment

Question 19

Which statement about the social rank of monkeys used in the Hassett et al. study is correct?

Accepted Answer

High ranking females had higher frequencies of interaction with both toys

Question 20

Which of the following is a weakness of the Dement & Kleitman study?

Accepted Answer

small sample size

Question 21

The masculine toys used in the Hassett et al. study were categorized by_________.

Accepted Answer

Wheels

Question 22

Out of the 135 rhesus monkeys in the Hassett et al. study, how many monkeys were in the sample?

Accepted Answer

61 which then became 34

Question 23

The final sample of rhesus monkeys used in the Hassett et al. study was?

Accepted Answer

23 females, 11 males.

Question 24

All participants in the D&K study were either in the REM group or nREM group (meaning awoken during only one of those)

Accepted Answer

False

Question 25

Which of these wheeled toys was used in the Hassett et. al study?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 26

What is one conclusion about REM sleep drawn by Dement & Kleitman?

Accepted Answer

Eye movements during REM match what the dreamer is seeing in a dream.

Question 27

Which of the following is reduced in a longitudinal study?

Accepted Answer

participant variables

Question 28

In the D&K study, which of the following procedures had to be revised?

Accepted Answer

How they asked participants to estimate length of REM

Question 29

Which of these options is a possible weakness of the Holzel et al. study?

Accepted Answer

Subjective interpretation of data

Question 30

Which of the following is true about rapid eye movement (REM) sleep?

Accepted Answer

The cycle lengths of REM vary from person to person.

Question 31

How many times did participants awoken in REM NOT recall their dreams?

Accepted Answer

39

Question 32

Which of the following behaviors was not coded in the Hassett et al. study?

Accepted Answer

Scratch

Question 33

Which part of the GRAVE analysis is lower for the Dement & Kleitman study?

Accepted Answer

generalizability

Question 34

Why were 39 newborn (0-3 months) infants also excluded from the Hassett et al. study?

Accepted Answer

It was difficult to consistently identify them as individuals.

Question 35

Which group(s) saw a change in their scores on the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) from pre- to post-test?

Accepted Answer

Experimental Group

Question 36

What was the reason given by Hassett et al to not include 14 of the monkeys in the study?

Accepted Answer

They had been exposed to varying hormonal treatments prenatally.

Question 37

In the Holzel et al. study, before and after scans were approximately how far apart for all participants?

Accepted Answer

2 months

Question 38

Select a strength of the Holzel et al. study from the options:

Accepted Answer

High levels of control

Question 39

Which is not one of the three training exercises used in the Holzel et al. study?

Accepted Answer

Transcendental Meditation

Question 40

Which of the following shows a way that Dement & Kleitman standardized their procedure?

Accepted Answer

All participants were awoken with a loud doorbell.

Question 41

Whole brain analysis (Holzel study) found an increase of grey matter concentration in all areas below EXCEPT the...

Accepted Answer

Amygdala

Question 42

What does MBSR stand for (used in the Holzel et al. study)?

Accepted Answer

Mindfulness-based stress reduction

Question 43

How many times did participants awoken in REM recall their dreams?

Accepted Answer

152

Question 44

What hypothesis did Hassett et al. offer based on the results of their study?

Accepted Answer

Male and female hormones contribute to preferences for certain activities

Question 45

Which sex showed sex differences in toy preference in the Hassett et al. study?

Accepted Answer

Males showed a preference

Question 46

How many participants in the Holzel et al. study did not return for the second MRI scan?

Accepted Answer

2

Question 47

What did the researchers of the Hassett et al. study counterbalance?

Accepted Answer

Plush and wheeled toy were 10 metres apart to the left or right side

Question 48

A further 3 males and 14 females were excluded from the Hassett et al. study because?

Accepted Answer

They had fewer than 5 behaviors

Question 49

Which of the following statements are true about the validity, reliability, and generalizability of the Hassett study?

Accepted Answer

The study has high validity and reliability but low generalizability.

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true regarding the comparison of the rhesus monkeys' data to children's data?

Accepted Answer

Male monkeys, like boys, show strong preferences for masculine toys.

Biological Approach Studies Review

Questions 50

Biological Approach Studies Review

Questions 50