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1
Base pairs in DNA are held together by:
Ionic bonds
Covalent bonds
Peptide bonds
Hydrogen bonds
2
Cells produce ATP most efficiently in the presence of
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
Water
Oxygen
3
RNA can be distinguished from DNA because:
It is single stranded
All of them
It has the base uracil
It has ribose as a sugar
4
Traits controlled by sex-linked recessive genes are expressed more often in males because:
males always have two of these genes
the male only receives one gene for that trait
all male offspring get the recessive gene from their fathers
males inherit these genes from their fathers
5
Yeast perform a type of fermentation/anaerobic respiration that produces
Lactic Acid
Ethanol (Alcohol) & Oxygen
Lactic Acid & Carbon Dioxide
Ethanol (Alcohol) & Carbon Dioxide
6
Enzyme activity is affected by the following:
Concentration
Temperature
All of them
Ph
7
Which of the following lists contains organisms that belong to the same kingdom?
Snakes, oak trees, birds
Apple trees, mushrooms, fern
Mold, mushrooms, yeast
Bacteria, archaea, worms
8
The following organisms all live in the grassland biome. Which group would have the
greatest biomass
?
Mice
Grasshoppers
Grasses
Hawks
9
__ occurs when organisms with favorable variations survive, reproduce, and pass these variations on is called:
Natural selection
Homologous structures
Use and disuse
Reproductive isolation
10
What percentage of energy is available to the next trophic level?
10%
50%
1%
90%
11
Which of the following left the blood in the carpet? Lane 1 is the carpet. Lane 2 is the victim the rest are suspects.
The victim and suspect 2
The victim and suspect 1
What blood? No one left blood at the crime scene
The victim and suspect 3
12
The diagram below represents which step of the water cycle?
Condensation
Precipitation
Run-off
Transpiration
13
If an individual possesses two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Haploid
Mutated
14
If two birds belong to the same order, they must also belong to the same
Phylum
Genus
Family
Species
15
Which of the following hypotheses are supported by the bone arrangements shown below?
Both yellow and blue are correct
These organisms may have descended from a common ancestor
These organisms have adapted to survive in different environments
These organisms are members of the same species.
16
A scientist tests the effect of humidity on plant growth. What would need to be constant?
Humidity
Nothing
Plant type
Plant height
17
Mutations that occur in which types of cells could be passed on to offspring without affecting the organism itself?
Tongue cells
Sperm cells
Uterus cells
Skin cells
18
What effect would
removing
the mussels have on this food chain?
The starfish population would increase
The ozone levels in the water would decrease
The oxygen levels in the water would decrease
The zooplankton population would increase
19
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons.
A polar molecule.
A solution with a high concentration.
Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of electrons.
20
Which bond is the strongest bond?
They are all equal strength
Covalent
Ionic
Hydrogen
21
Humans possess:
2 pairs of sex chromosomes and 23 pairs of autosomes
2 pairs of sex chromosomes and 46 pairs of autosomes
1 pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes
1 pair of sex chromosomes and 46 pairs of autosomes
22
What kind of cells does meiosis produce?
haploid body cells
diploid body cells
haploid sex cell
diploid sex cells
23
Which of the following is
NOT
considered evidence that organisms have shared a common ancestor?
similarities in DNA sequences and amino acid sequences
similarities in anatomy
similarities in the environment in which they live
similarities in embryonic development
24
Which substances are
products
of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water, ATP (energy)
Glucose, water, oxygen, ATP (energy)
Oxygen, water, protein, ATP (energy)
Carbon dioxide, water, sugar, ATP (energy)
25
A scientist is testing the effect of humidity on plant growth. What is the dependent variable?
Humidity
Soil
Containers
Plant growth
26
A cell formed by meiosis contains 12 chromosomes. How many chromosomes were in the original parent cell?
36
6
12
24
27
Hemophilia is a
sex-linked recessive
disorder. If John is a hemophiliac, what is John’s genotype?
XhY
XhYh
XHY
hh
28
The North American raccoon’s scientific name is
Procyon lotor
. It belongs to the species:
Procyon
lotor
Animalia
Chordata
29
When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, it will _____.
Shrink and then swell
Shrink
Stay the same
Swell
30
___________ is the movement of large molecules
out
of the cell.
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
31
Both test tubes contain Bromothymol Blue that you exhaled into. Which of the tubes would turn blue after 24 hours?
Tube 1 only
Tubes 1 and 2
Neither of them would change color
Tube 2 only
32
If gray colored offspring are produced from black and white parents. This pattern of inheritance is best described as:
Genetic interaction
Multiple alleles
Incomplete dominance
Complete dominance
33
What organelle contains digestive enzymes and uses them to clean up the cell?
Chloroplast
Lysosome
Ribosome
Mitochondria
34
In what part of photosynthesis is energy from the sun collected to be turned into chemical energy?
glycolysis
Calvin cycle (light independent reaction)
light dependent reaction
fermentation
35
A product of photosynthesis that can be used for cellular respiration is:
Carbon dioxide
Sodium
Organic acid
Oxygen
36
Which of the following is an advantage of
sexual reproduction
over asexual reproduction?
It is faster
It requires only one parent
It produces more genetically diverse offspring
It only requires mitosis
37
Which of the following scientists
DID NOT
contribute to the discovery of the structure of DNA?
Rosalind Franklin
Charles Darwin
James Watson
Francis Crick
38
In the chloroplast shown, what would the individual fluid-filled disk pointed to be called?
Cell membrane
Thylakoid
Stroma
Cytoplasm
39
Photosynthesis is to ________ as cellular respiration is to ________________:
Cytoplasm/mitochondria, chloroplast
Chloroplast, cytoplasm/mitochondria
Mitochondria, chloroplast
Chloroplast, mitochondria
40
According to the biological definition of a species, which organisms listed below would belong to the same species?
Lizards that eat the same kinds of insects
Flowering plants that need the same temperature conditions to bloom
Birds that have similar feather color and structure
Cats that interbreed and produce kittens who can also interbreed
41
Which of the following best describes an ecosystem?
The role an organism has in the environment.
An ecological community interacting with the nonliving environment.
The physical location in which a given species lives.
A group of organisms that belong to the same species.
42
Prokaryotes are cells that:
Contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Lack a nucleus but have membrane-bound organelles
Lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Contain a nucleus but lack membrane-bound organelles
43
__________ are a component of the cell membrane that acts as an “ID tag”.
Protein
Phospholipids
Carbohydrates
Cholesterol
44
The overall purpose of photosynthesis is to
produce glucose
produce carbon dioxide
produce ATP
break food down
45
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration form a continuous cycle (biochemical pathway) because:
the products of one process are the reactants for the other
photosynthesis is during the day and cellular respiration occurs at night
both have the same reactants
both create the same products
46
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
47
Animal cells are different than plant cells because:
They have a large central vacuole
They have centrioles
They have a cell wall
They have chloroplasts
48
Which list only consists of organisms that can perform photosynthesis?
Plants, fungi, and animals
Plants, algae, and some bacteria
Plants, fungi, and some archaea
Plants, algae, and fungi
49
The phenotype of an organism
describes its physical characteristics and traits
occurs only in dominant pure organisms
cannot be identified
is its genetic composition
50
A __________ is a well-tested hypothesis.
Theory
Inference
Hypothesis
Law
51
The independent variable is located on the _____ on a graph:
Y-axis
The Legend
X-axis
The Key
52
Who developed the theory of natural selection in his book
On the Origin of Species
?
Gould
Lamrarck
Darwin
Mendel
53
Each set of three
mRNA
nitrogen bases representing an amino acid is referred to as a(n)
Codon
Code
Translation
Anticodon
54
Which of the following equations
best
summarizes
photosynthesis
?
carbon dioxide + light + water -->oxygen + glucose
oxygen +light + water ---> carbon dioxide + glucose
carbon dioxide + glucose+ light --> oxygen + water
oxygen +glucose + light --> carbon dioxide + water
55
Which of the molecules in lane 5 is the smallest?
C
B
They are all the same size
A
56
Using mRNA to make a protein is called__________________________.
Translation
Replication
None of them
Transcription
57
The final product of DNA replication is:
Broken down DNA
2 DNA molecules - each with half new DNA and half parent (original) DNA
One DNA molecule with two old strands and one with two new strands of DNA
One DNA molecule with one strand of DNA and one strand of tRNA
58
Respiration is best described as a process in which:
hydrogen is used to synthesize glucose
chemical energy (food) is converted into usable energy (ATP)
metabolic wastes are absorbed
necessary nutrients are circulated
59
The picture below is a human karyotype. What do these chromosomes indicate?
This is a normal female
This is a male with an extra 21 chromosome
This is a female with an extra 21 chromosome
This is a normal male
60
If two heterozygous parents are crossed, what is the expected genotypic ratio for their offspring?
1:2:1
3:1
2:1:1
4:1
61
What is the
main
pigment in plants that traps energy from the sun?
Chlorophyll
Chloroplasts
Stroma
Carotenoids
62
Organisms that are unicellular, prokaryotic, and have cell walls containing peptidoglycan belong to the kingdom:
Archaea
Plantae
Animalia
Eubacteria
63
Organisms that breed with each other and produce fertile offspring are considered members of the same
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Species
64
The monomer of a carbohydrate is a(n)________________.
Amino acid
Monosaccharide
Fatty acid
Nucleotide
65
The scientist who created the modern taxonomic system of classification was
Linnaeus
Darwin
Hooke
Mendel
66
What is the complementary DNA strand for this sequence: ATCGATGGC?
TAGCTACCG
ATCGATGGC
CCGATGACG
TAGCTAGCT
67
What is a dichotomous key used for?
To learn about their mating behaviors.
To identify unknown organisms.
To determine if a species has a genetic abnormality.
To determine if the organism is a plant or animal.
68
During the process of transcription, DNA serves as the template for making:
tRNA
mRNA
rRNA
DNA
69
Which two organisms are most closely related according to the diagram below?
the Armadillo and the Warbler finch
the Warbler finch and the Woodpecker finch
the Glyptodont and the Woodpecker finch
the Armadillo and the Glyptodont
70
What information does the atomic number give you?
The number of neutrons
The number of electrons
The weight of the element
The number of electrons and protons
71
Which of the following represents abiotic factors found in the aquatic ecosystem below?
Plants and gravel
Fish, water, and snails
Fish, plants, and snails
Water and gravel
72
DNA nucleotide is composed of:
Phosphate, ribose, and a nitrogen base
Phosphate, deoxyribose and a nitrogen base
Nitrate, sugar and phosphorus
Protein, sugar and nitrogen base
73
_______ are organelles that you will find in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Mitochondria and cell membranes
There are no organelles they both have
Ribosomes, cytoplasm and cell membranes
Ribosomes and mitochondria
74
When expression of a trait is influenced by the action of many genes, this pattern of inheritance is called:
Polygenic inheritance
Complete dominance
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
75
Organisms in the kingdom Plantae are:
Multicellular and heterotrophic
Multicellular and autotrophic
Unicellular and heterotrophic
Unicellular and autotrophic
76
If it is usually multicellular, eukaryotic, has a cell wall made of chitin, and is heterotrophic belong to the kingdom:
Fungi
Animalia
Protista
Eubacteria
77
What do centrioles do?
They make protein
They hold wastes
They make carbohydrates
They form the mitotic spindle during cell division
78
A scientist is testing the effect of humidity on plant growth. What is the independent variable?
Humidity
Containers
Soil
Plant growth
79
Which of the following is used to cut long pieces of DNA into smaller pieces?
DNA extraction
Cloning
Gel electrophoresis
Restriction enzymes
80
The relationship between a dog and a tapeworm is an example of?
mutualism
parasitism
commensalism
competition
81
The pedigree below shows the inheritance of freckles in a family. Freckles are a dominant trait. The person II-4 is:
a female with freckles
a male with freckles
a female without freckles
a male without freckles
82
In a _______ bond, electrons are shared.
Ionic
Hyydrogen
Metallic
Covalent
83
The large amount of salt near the coastal area of VA determines which species can exist there. Salt is an example of?
limiting factor
food source
reactant
biotic factor
84
When molecules move against a concentration gradient, it is referred to as _________.
Diffusion
Active transport
Passive transport
Facilitated diffusion
85
Water is an example of a _______ molecule.
Nonpolar
Polar
Isotonic
Hypotonic
86
Which group would most likely have the greatest survival success during a long period of environmental changes?
a small population of rabbits living in a field of grass
an endangered population of polar bears living near an iceberg
a large population of red ants living in a forest
one species of bird that nests only in sugar maple trees
87
For the genotype Aabb, which combination of alleles could have created this organism?
Ab
AB
Bb
Aa
88
C
6
H
12
O
6
+ 6O
2
---> 6CO
2
+ 6 H
2
O + energy This equation summarizes the overall process of?
photosynthesis
the Krebs cycle
cellular respiration
the Calvin cycle
89
DNA replication occurs when:
new cells need to be made
cells need oxygen
cells need protein
cells need to get bigger
90
Large and charged particles enter a cell through a _______________ in the cell membrane.
Protein
Carbohydrate
Phospholipid
Cholesterol
91
Members of the Domain Eukarya
Do not have membrane-bound organelles (such as the nucleus)
Are all multicellular
Are all heterotrophic
Do have membrane-bound organelles (such as the nucleus)
92
Which illustration below best represents a chromosome mutation known as a deletion?
B
A
D
C
93
Which process
illustrated below
occurs during meiosis and can lead to increased variation?
segregation
nondisjunction
crossing over
replication
94
Identify the stage of meiosis shown below:
Metaphase I
Metaphase II
Anaphase I
Anaphase II
95
What is the most recent common ancestor for the Armadillo and the Woodpecker Finch?
A
There is none
C
B
96
In the nitrogen cycle, the organisms that help make nitrogen gas usable for other organisms through fixation would be
Fungi
Bacteria
Plants
Animals
97
The rules for base-pairing in DNA are:
A with U and C with G
A with T and C with G
A with G and C with T
A with C and G with T
