One of the problematic side effects of pesticide use is the fact that

pesticides kill important pollinator insects

One proven risk of GM crops is

the escape of GM genes into non-GM crops.

What event enabled the evolution of agriculture?

a warming climate ending an ice age

Per capita land consumption means the

amount of land each person uses.

Thermal energy from the ocean can be thought of as a form of solar energy because

energy from the sun is absorbed by ocean water.

What has happened to global precipitation patterns during the last 100 years?

Some parts seeing more precipitation other parts seeing less

How do volcanic eruptions affect weather?

Gases and particles may block sunlight & lower temperatures.

A substance’s toxicity depends not just on what it is, but also

how much of it a person is exposed to

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Semester 2 Final Prep

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S2 E. Science

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Questions 80

Answers

1
Which of the following is an example of a social hazard that can generally be controlled?
emerging diseases
smoking cigarettes
natural disasters
pollution from a garbage dump near your home
2
One of the problematic side effects of pesticide use is the fact that
pesticides kill important pollinator insects
pesticide manufacturers must create new pesticide every year
pesticides reduce crop yields, sometimes up to 50 percent.
farmers must apply pesticides every year.
3
One proven risk of GM crops is
the escape of GM genes into non-GM crops.
increased resistance of insects to pesticides because of the
the loss of consumer support.
the risk of cancer associated with eating GM foods.
4
Prevailing winds move
warm air away from the poles
cool air toward the poles
warm air away from the equator
warm air towards the equator
5
The shift of a population from the countryside to the city is called
land preservation
infrastructure
urbanization
an ecological footprint
6
What event enabled the evolution of agriculture?
sudden growth in human population
a warming climate ending an ice age
decrease in natural prey species-large hooved mammals
warming climate due to volcanic eruptions in Indonesia
7
One of the main disadvantages of nuclear power is that it
pollutes the air
produces too little electricity
pollutes water
generates radioactive waste
8
Which of the following pollutants causes smog when fossil fuels are burned?
methane
sulfur dioxide
hydrogen sulfide
carbon dioxide
9
About half of the electricity used in the United States is generated by
combustion of coal
combustion of natural gas
combustion of crude oil
nuclear fusion
10
An example of a soil parent material is
humus
leaf litter
volcanic ash
topsoil
11
Transportation systems, water services, power supplies, and schools are all examples of
infrastructure
land uses
rural areas
ecological footprints
12
Which of the following is derived from petrochemicals
plastic
wood
stainless steel
paper
13
What kind of energy does chemical energy convert to when you are lifting weights?
mechanical energy
electrical energy
thermal energy
electromagnetic energy
14
Most of Earth's fresh water is used for
recreational purposes such as swimming pools
washing clothes and dishes
drinking
watering crops
15
A large area of cropland seeded with one crop is a(n)
Monoculture
organic practice
polyculture
traditional farming technique
16
Per capita land consumption means the
amount of land a country uses as a whole
type of land covered by state capitals.
amount of land each person uses.
type of land people live on.
17
Gases such as water vapor and carbon dioxide that trap heat near Earth are known as
proxy gases
greenhouse gases
global gases
offset gases
18
prescribed burns ..
are carefully controlled
cannot be controlled
cause permanent damage to ecosystems
cause fuel buildup
19
Thermal energy from the ocean can be thought of as a form of solar energy because
tropical ocean water has a high heat content
the sun produces a temperature gradient in the ocean.
energy from the sun is absorbed by ocean water.
warm water has more energy than cold water.
20
What has happened to global precipitation patterns during the last 100 years?
There is more precipitation all around the world.
There is less precipitation all around the world.
Nothing happened—precipitation patterns are the same
Some parts seeing more precipitation other parts seeing less
21
What is one of the potential benefits of capturing and using the gases produced in landfills?
providing more space for more waste
cutting down greenhouse gases
increasing the speed of biodegration of wastes
preventing the gases from entering the soil
22
In a region with strong winds, and flat land, what would you recommend to reduce erosion?
terracing
shelterbelts
contour farming
crop rotation
23
Most of the oil used in the United States is used for
industry
transportation
commerce
electric power
24
The percentage of Earth’s land surface covered by forests is
75
30
15
50
25
If a wood product is certified by the Forest Stewardship Council, it was produced
because consumers demanded it
from trees grown on a plantation
using sustainable methods
from recycled materials
26
Many highways have emergency phones alongside the road. energy to power these phones?
biomass energy
solar energy
hydrothermal energy
geothermal energy
27
Substances that can eat through or dissolve metal storage tanks and equipment are called
reactive
corrosive
ignitable
toxic
28
About what percent of the fuel burned by an automobile actually moves the car down the road?
14%
64%
34%
84%
29
What is the function of a reservoir behind a hydropower dam?
to carry water to the generator
to provide recreation
to turn the turbine blades
to store water
30
How do volcanic eruptions affect weather?
Vibrations caused by eruptions shift ocean currents,
Gases and particles may block sunlight & lower temperatures.
They cause a long-term increase in temperature.
Eruptions form clouds=drop large amounts of precipitation.
31
What form(s) may hazardous wastes take?
solid
liquid
all of the above
gas
32
Deforestation is particularly harmful in arid regions because it can lead to
a loss of jobs
a decrease in greenhouse gases
a massive loss of biodiversity
desertification
33
What kind of energy can best be harvested from the Bay of Fundy in Canada?
solar energy
geothermal energy
tidal energy
hydropower
34
In what category of waste do paint, household cleaners, medical waste, and solvents belong?
compost
municipal solid
hazardous
industrial
35
Where are chemical hazards present outdoors?
air
water
all of the above
land
36
Mudflows and ash-clouds are some of the many dangers of..
volcanic eruptions
earthquakes
tsunamis
storms
37
Which of the following is a benefit of wind power?
nonpolluting
low startup costs
easy to farm
available in all locations
38
Saving energy and other resources without sacrificing people’s comfort is the goal of
zoning
greenways
urban growth boundaries
green building design
39
The probability that a hazard will cause a harmful response, such as death or disease, is...
toxicity
risk
response
dose
40
Waste that comes from the production of consumer goods, mining, agriculture, and refining is
compost waste
municipal solid waste
industrial waste
hazardous waste
41
Why is the use of natural gas growing faster than that of most other fossil fuels?
It is less expensive
It emits carbon dioxide.
It is colorless and odorless
It is less polluting.
42
A substance’s toxicity depends not just on what it is, but also
on whether it was produced naturally or by people
how much of it a person is exposed to
what its scientific name is
where it is found in the environment
43
What would show the quality of the soil to determine quality of soil fertility
texture
pH
structure
color
44
Which of the following effects is always associated with a tornado?
a storm surge
lightning and thunder
funnel of rotating air
landslides and mudslides
45
A number of closed landfills have been converted into
shopping malls
schools
farms
recreation areas
46
Young children are frequently tested this chemical hazard used in paints and many homes.
carbon monoxide
lead
radon
asbestos
47
Where do most industrial nations now put much of their waste?
lakes
landfills
storage warehouses
rivers
48
The collection of materials that can be broken down and reprocessed to make new items is
Composting
e-waste.
Incinerating
recycling
49
Environmental hazards that result from where we live, our jobs, or our lifestyle choices are..
biological hazards
chemical hazards
social hazards
physical hazards
50
Which type of forest most likely contains the greatest variety of habitats?
monocultures
plantations
even-aged forests
old-growth forests
51
Stoves that burn corncobs are using
hydropower
solar energy
geothermal energy
biomass energy
52
Trees, grass, crops, wetlands, water, buildings, and pavement are all examples of
rural areas
land use
urban areas
land cover
53
Land that is sparsely populated and has few buildings or roads is defined as a(n)
heat island
urban area
infrastructure
rural area
54
The porous qualities of soil mean that which can filter through the ground &pollute groundwater
minerals
microorganisms
pesticides
nutrients
55
A vector is a(n)
kind of pathogen
type of infectious disease
organism that carries pathogens
type of emerging disease
56
small nuclei of elements such as hydrogen are forced together under high temperatures during..
nuclear waste production
nuclear meltdown
nuclear fission
nuclear fusion
57
Most oil deposit are found within pores in
soil
granite rock
the ocean floor
limestone and sandstone rock
58
Energy trapped in fossil fuels came from the energy plants converted. This trapped energy is
potential energy
thermal energy
chemical energy
mechanical energy
59
Epidemiology deals primarily with what type of hazards?
biological
social
chemical
physical
60
Removing trees so that native prairie grasses can grow again is an example of
greenways
green building
ecological restoration
zoning
61
You would expect to find most farmers who use GM crops living in
relatively poor, undeveloped nations
countries with strong environmental protection laws
countries with weak environmental laws.
relatively wealthy, developed nations.
62
The National Forest Management Act
promotes removal of small trees and underbrush by companies.
require plans= ecosystem-based management guidelines.
encourages prescribed burning as a means of protection
plans w/multiple use & maximum sustainable yield guidelines.
63
A renewable resource is harvested sustainably if
soil erosion is prevented
replacing trees costs less than harvesting trees.
the amount of replacement is less than the amount harvested.
the amount of replacement is equal to the amount harvested
64
Warm water is drawn away from the equator toward the poles by..
El Niño
thermohaline circulation
the greenhouse effect
La Niña
65
Which of the following factors contributed to sprawl in the United States?
improved roads
all of the above
less expensive land
more affordable automobiles
66
The main goal of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act is to
prevent prescribed burning
prevent erosion and soil damage
prevent salvage logging
promote salvage logging
67
What is the largest source of radiation in the environment?
radon
medical x-rays
nuclear medicine
consumer products
68
What is the goals of New York City's sustainability plan?
Limit access to parks
Increase energy usage
Expand the city's boundaries
Improve Mass Transit
69
Which statement about mass transit is true?
Heavy rail carries more than three fourths of commuters
Mass transit has only been successful in the United States.
Heavy rails can be used easily in any city.
A single Portland bus can keep 250 cars off the road daily
70
Which human activity contributes the most carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
breathing
farming
fishing
burning fossil fuels
71
Eating a lot of meat is inefficient because _____ is lost in transfer between trophic levels.
50% of energy
90% of energy
10% of energy
60% of energy
72
Which factors cause different people to respond differently to environmental hazards?
sex
weight
health issues
all of the above
73
What source produces the largest amounts of hazardous waste?
households
industry
small businesses
schools
74
Elevation and the presence of features such as mountains and rivers make up an area’s
sequestration
topography
thermohaline
greenhouse effect
75
What fuel is produced when microorganisms decompose landfill wastes
methane
gasohol
biodiesel
hydrogen
76
Chemicals that harm embryos and fetuses are called?
allergens
neurotoxins
teratogens
carcinogens
77
What turns the turbines to generate electricity in a geothermal power plant?
a heat pump
magma
moving water
steam
78
What is one of the criticisms of the Kyoto Protocol?
It only requires developed nations to reduce emissions.
Most nations did not support it.
It will never expire, and thus can never be altered.
It forces developing nations to lead in reducing emissions
79
Each step up the food chain, concentrations of toxicants can be greatly multiplied by
risk assessment
toxicology
epidemiology
biomagnification
80
How has global warming made it more difficult for polar bears to hunt the seals they feed on?
Seals now have more places to hide
The population of seals has declined
Polar bears are now being hunted more by other predators
Polar bears r forced 2 swim longer distances btwn ice sheets

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