Molecular mechanisms of cancer

Question 1

What does the suffix -oma mean?

Accepted Answer

"a tumor of" and means a benign tumor

Question 2

A mutation in a single gene cannot by itself induce cancer. Several genes must be mutated in a given cell to be cancer

Accepted Answer

True

Question 3

On karyotyping, cancer cells are found to have:

Accepted Answer

some regions are over-grown, arms of chromosomes twisted, some chromosomes are lost, arms of chromosomes are dislodged

Question 4

described in three way: relative 5yr survival; mean survival; and overall survival

Accepted Answer

Survival

Question 5

Caretaker genes → encode products that stabilize the genome. Examples: P53, BRCA1, BRCA2

Accepted Answer

True

Question 6

Viral oncogenes (V-oncogenes) → viral DNA/RNA contain certain genes, which induce uncontrolled cell growth

Accepted Answer

True

Question 7

What does the suffix -sarcoma mean?

Accepted Answer

malignant tumor of mesenchymal tissue

Question 8

Cancer can be described with TNM Staging System, what is it?

Accepted Answer

ALL are correct

Question 9

Germline cancers = inherited

Accepted Answer

True

Question 10

Tumor suppressor genes function as “dominant” genes

Accepted Answer

True

Question 11

Vaccines against HPV contain recombinant L1 capsid proteins. What are they?

Accepted Answer

Gardasil (Merck), Cervarix

Question 12

Higher the number after N, the more nodes that contain cancer

Accepted Answer

True

Question 13

Cigarette smoke!! Silences tumor suppressors by methylation (p16)

Accepted Answer

True

Question 14

Occupation of the receptor EGF induces homo/heterodimerization (HER2-HER2) orHER2-HER3; HER2-HER1; HER2-HER4

Accepted Answer

True

Question 15

Cancer cells tend to restore the telomere length

Accepted Answer

True

Question 16

Philadelphia translocation is a translocation of chromosomes

Accepted Answer

9 and 22

Question 17

There are 19 genes encoding Wnt ligands and 10 receptors . Binding leads to activation of kinases and B-catenin

Accepted Answer

True

Question 18

Which of the following genes normally is NOT an oncogene (that promotes cell proliferation in tumors)?

Accepted Answer

TP53

Question 19

Teratomas are derived from GERMLINE precursors

Accepted Answer

True

Question 20

The evidence for Dedifferentiation of normal cell theory

Accepted Answer

Benign tumors of adrenal medulla, Benign tumors of pituitary gland, Benign tumors of pancreatic islets of Langerhans., Colon cancer cells secrete mucin

Question 21

Somatic cancers = not inherited (sporadic cancers, majority of cancers)

Accepted Answer

True

Question 22

What does the suffix -blastoma mean?

Accepted Answer

highly malignant childhood tumor

Question 23

P16 → tumor suppressor that is expressed in all cells but does not proliferate

Accepted Answer

True

Question 24

This oncovirus is normally found in the Burkitt&#x27;s lymphomas

Accepted Answer

Epstein-Barr Virus

Question 25

Cachexia with superimposed infection is the typical cause of death in patients with cancer

Accepted Answer

True

Question 26

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a translocation of chromosomes

Accepted Answer

15 and 17

Question 27

he percentage of people in a treatment group who are alive for 5yr are alive for 5 yrs, after being treatedfor cancer

Accepted Answer

Overall survival

Question 28

Gatekeeper genes → encode gene products that act to prevent growth. Ex: APC, tumor suppressor genes, etc

Accepted Answer

True

Question 29

TWO important tumor suppressor genes are: P53 and Rb

Accepted Answer

True

Question 30

Higher the number after T, the larger the tumor or more it has grown into nearby tissues

Accepted Answer

True

Question 31

What does the suffix -carcinoma mean?

Accepted Answer

malignant tumor of epithelial origin

Question 32

If a chromosome contains an amplicon = genes are expressed in high copy number

Accepted Answer

True

Question 33

Which are tumors named after the physician who first made closer observations

Accepted Answer

ALL are correct

Question 34

Cancer progression: normal cells -> hyperplstic -> metaplastic -> dysplastic -> growths -> malignant

Accepted Answer

True

Question 35

Tax binds to p16 (inhibitor of cell division cycle) -> leads to uncontrolled cell cycle progression

Accepted Answer

True

Question 36

What genetic changes in cells lead to cancer?

Accepted Answer

chromosomal aberrations, mutation in DNA

Question 37

Retroviruses that produce disease after a long incubation are known as lentiviruses (or slowetroviruses).

Accepted Answer

True

Question 38

Detection of what biomarkers are used in the diagnosis, treatment and also prognosis of cancer?

Accepted Answer

tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells (CTC), tumor RNA, tumor biomarkers

Question 39

When clinical says "high grade" he is referring to a poor prognosis

Accepted Answer

True

Question 40

What are the key oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

v-Ras, v-Myc, v-ErbB, v-Src

Question 41

Tumor suppressor genes (TSG) regulate and inhibit inappropriate cellular growth and proliferation

Accepted Answer

True

Question 42

Viral proteins E6 and E7 inactivate cellular tumor suppressor proteins, p53 and pRB

Accepted Answer

True

Molecular mechanisms of cancer

Questions 42

Molecular mechanisms of cancer

Questions 42