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Infection
Infection
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1
Which of the questions asked by the nurse when taking a PT health history would collect data about infection control?
When did you complete your immunizations?
What were the causes of death for your family members?
Tell me what you eat in each 24-hour period
Do you sleep well and wake up feeling healthy?
2
A pt is on isolation because she acquired MRSA infection after hospitalization for surgery. what type of infection?
nosocomial
antimicrobial
viral
iatrogenic
3
By what means is the pathogen involved in West Nile virus transmitted?
indirect contact
Direct contact
vectors
airborne
4
Nursing home recently had a high number of nosocomial infections. Which of the following measures might be instituted?
Have written, infection-prevention practices for all employees
Requiring all employees to have monthly screenings for skin flora
Mandating antibiotics for all nursing home residents
Restricting visitors and community activities for residents
5
Aminoglycosides may cause vertigo d/t cranial nerve 8 involvement.
True
False
6
What medication would the nurse question if ordered for a pediatric patient?
cefazolin
streptomycin
Amikacin
Levofloxacin
7
What fluoroquinolone would the nurse be most likely to administer Anthrax?
Ciprofloxacin
tobramycin
norfloxacin
sparfloxacin
8
Ceftriaxone can cause C.Diff but is unable to treat it.
True
False
9
The nurse understands that an infection caused by a secondary pathogen, which can occur during prolonged ABX use is>
superinfection
Acquired resisitence
cross-sensitivity
primary infection
10
Isolation techniques have the potential to break the chain of infction by interfering with what component?
mode fof transmission
agent
portal of entry
susceptible host
11
An infectious outbreak of unknown origin has occurred in LTC facility. The DON should report it to who?
CDC
American medical association
American nurses association
Environmental protection agency
12
For what client would a broad-spectrum antibiotic be most appropriate?
A client who has an oral temperature of 100.2° F
but no other signs or symptoms of infection
Pt who has symptoms of infection but culture and sensitivity isnt back
A client whose urinary tract infection has been attributed E. Coli
13
Which of the following most accurately defines an infection?
An illness resulting from living in an unclean environment
The result of lack of knowledge about food preparation
A disease resulting from pathogens in or on the body
An acute or chronic illness resulting from traumatic injury
14
A nurse is providing education to a client who is taking INH. The nurse is teaching the client to avoid which foods
citrus fruits
potatoes and root veggies
chicken and fish
cheese and dairy products and bananas
15
Side effects of levoquin:
nephrotoxicity
Achilles tendon tear
Photosensitivity
elevated BUN levels
16
Side effects of doxycycline?
Tooth discoloration
fatigue
photosensitivity
dizziness
17
when should you draw trough levels of Vancomycin?
1 day before next dose
2-4 hours before next dose
15-30 minutes before next dose
1 hour before next dose
18
A male pt comes to the clinic and is diagnosed with gonorrhea. Which symptom most likely prompted him to seek care?
Cauliflower-like warts on the penis
Rashes on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
Painful, red papules on the shaft of the penis
Foul-smelling discharge from the penis
19
The latest CDC guidelines designate standard precautions for all substances except which of the following?
vomit
urine
sweat
blood
20
A nurse is changing the bed linen of a pt admitted to hospital. Which of the following isolation precautions:
contact
airborne
Standard
droplet
21
Nurse is educating adolescents on how to prevent infections. What statement by adolescents indicates that more education
"I will wash my hands before and after going to the bathroom."
"I don't wear a condom when I have sex, but I know my partners."
"I always eat fruits and vegetables, and I sleep eight hours a night."
"When I have an infection, I rest and take my medications."
22
A pt tests + for the HIV antibody but has no symptoms. She is a carrier. What component of the infection cycle is she:
a resevior
a portal of exit
a portal of entry
an infectious agent
23
A patient is taking Doxycycline. What is a priority teaching point for this patient?
Avoid sexual activity
Take an antacid if nausea occurs
chew tablets before swallowing
Stay out of the sun
24
HIV selectively enters which of the following cells?
Supressor T cells
Helper T cells
B clones
Cytotoxic T cells
25
dr ordered Cedax: 9 mg/kg/day (66lb) PO for 10 days. The drug comes in an oral suspension of 90 mg/5 mL. How many mL?
10
5
20
15
26
Which lab should you monitor before and during penicillin treatment?
PLT
RFT
RBC
LFT
27
A nurse has completed care for a pt. There is no visible soiling. What type of technique is recommended by the CDC
Clean hands with an alcohol-based handrub.
Wash hands with soap and water, follow with handrub.
Wash hands with soap and water.
Do not wash hands, apply clean gloves.
28
A college-aged student has influenza. At what stage of the infection is the student most infectious?
convalescent period
full stage of illness
prodromal stage
Incubation period
29
Indicator of dehydration on child with diarrhea?
Diaphoresis
labile BP
Fever
Weak Pulse
30
Clients receiving aminoglycosides should be monitored closely for which toxicities?
Gastrointestinal
Renal
Neurological
Pancreatic
31
Keflex is contraindicated in which patient?
Pt with C. Diff
Liver Failure
children
pt with allergy to penicillin
32
Which of the following are characteristics of the stage of infection known as full stage of illness?
The organisms are growing and multiplying.
Specific signs and symptoms are present.
It is the interval between the pathogen's invasion of the body and symptoms
The signs and symptoms disappear, and the person returns to a healthy state
33
What are the general nursing guidelines that the nurse should follow when caring for clients in a health care facility?
Avoid jewelry with prongs or protruding stones.
Isolate the client and keep the room door closed.
Shake linens properly when changing the beds.
Avoid physical contact with the infected client.
34
Azithromycin is a macrolide that is contraindicated in:
C. Diff
Previous prolonged QT intervals
Liver Dysfunction
Myasthenia Gravis
35
What precautions are a pt with C.Diff on?
positive pressure
contact
droplet
airborne
36
Tetracycline is contraindicated in these patients :
Children
pregnant women
geriatrics
Adults with myocarditis
37
Which would be the most significant factor in the selection of an antibiotic drug for treatment of a client's infection?
Complications associated with the infection
blood type
Culture and sensitivity test
Clients weight
38
If your pt is taking sulfonomides what should you teach them?
drink 2-3 liters of water a day
stop taking medicine when you feel better
stop taking if you become nauseous
Take folic acid with medication
39
Invanz is safe for children and pregnant women to take.
True
False
40
If you have an allergy to penicillin then you should be cautious for cross sensitivity to which drug?
Tetracycline
Ceftriaxone
vancomycin
tobramycin
41
Which procedure carries the greatest risk for a nosocomial infection?
Urinary Catheterizations
Heat lamp
IM injections
Enema
42
What is priority reason for the nurse to consider questioning an order for tetracycline in a child under 8 years of age?
tetracyclines cannot be given to childre nunder 8
Tetracyclines can damage deveolping teeth and bones in children under 8
can impair joints of children
liver and kidney function may be effectd
43
Nurse has seen several pts at a comm. health center. Which of the pts would be most at risk for developing an infection?
An infant who has just received first immunizations
A middle-aged adult with joint pain and stiffness
An adolescent who had a basketball physical
An older adult with several chronic illnesses
44
The other veteran nurse would intervene if the graduate nurse attempted to give what medicine IV?
Ampicillin
Penicillin G benzathine
Ampicillin-sulbactam
Oxacillin
45
The nurse should anticipate that the patient with MRSA will require treatment with:
Clindamycin
Penicillin
Ciprofloxacin
Vancomycin
46
Which of the following is an example of the body's defense against infection?
immune response
Racial charateristics
body shape and size
level of susceptibility
47
Of all possible nursing interventions to break the chain of infection, which is the most effective?
wearing gloves at all times
practicing hand hygeine
Administering meds
providing good skin care
48
A patient on Airborne Precautions asks the nurse to leave his door open. What is the nurses best reply?
I have to keep your door shut at all times. Ill open the curtains though
Ill keep the door open for you, but please try to avoid moving around much
I can open your door if you wear this mask
can open your door, but Ill have to come back and close it in a few minutes
49
The physician has ordered Ertapenem (Invanz) for a 12 y.o. child. What is the nursing priority?
Perform hand hygiene before preparing the medication.
Transcribe the order to the medication administration record
Assess the patient's renal and hepatic functions
Question the order by calling the physician who prescribed it.
50
Pt has been prescribed an aminoglycoside. To prevent accumulation of the drug, The nurse should encourage what?
Increase fluid intake
take diuretic
perform moderate exercise
Take drug on an empty stomach
51
What would the nurse teach this patient is the best way to prevent crystalluria caused by ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?
Spend time in the sun to optomize vitamin d levels
Avoid caffiene and alcohol
encourage at least 2L water per day
Eliminate red meat from diet
52
Vancomycin should be given as IV push
True
False
53
What has beenidentified as the portal of entry for tuberculosis?
urinary system
GI system
respiratory system
Integumentary system
54
A client has been diagnosed with an infection. The nurse can help to ensure the success of anti-infective treatment by:
monitoring the client closely for signs of arrhythmias or cardiac ischemia.
teaching the pt that adverse effects are expected & must be endured
administering antihistamines to prevent the development of adverse effects.
confirming that the medication is the drug for the specific microorganism
55
A pt who had abd surgery develops an infection in the wound while hospitalized. What is the most likely cause?
virus
bacteria
spores
fungi
56
What are the recommended cleansing agents for hand hygiene in any setting when the risk of infection is high?
antimicrobial products
cold water
liquid or bar hand soap
hot water
57
The nurse is aware that an antiviral medication is most effective when given during which phase of infectious process?
Convalescent period
Prodromal stage
Full stage of illness
incubation period
58
A patient has a concentration of S. aureus located on his skin. No sxs noted. organism is in what stage?
disease
bacteremia
colonization
infection
59
What would be categorized as an anti-infective agent?
antihypertensive
antihelmintic
antibiotic
Anticoagulant
60
What is the correct rationale for using body substance precautions?
The risk of transmitting HIV in sputum and urine is nonexistent.
All body substances are considered potentially infectious.
Only actively infected clients are considered contagious.
Disease-specific isolation procedures are adequate protection.
61
What is the best rationale for health care providers receiving the influenza vaccination on a yearly basis?
o decreased nurses susceptibility to health care-associated infections
To eventually eradicate the influenza virus in the United States
to decrease risk of transmission to vulnerable patients
To prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the influenza virus
62
Nurse is caring for an adolescent who is diagnosed with mononucleosis, The nurse explains that this was transmitted by:
airborne route
indirct contact
vectors
Direct contact
63
Pt comes to the ER with burns on 40% of his body. All are true, which would be best rationale for risk for infection?
Intact skin and mucous membranes protect against microbial invasion.
Age race, sex, and hereditary factors influence susceptibility to infection
White blood cells provide resistance to certain pathogens.
Stress may adversely affect normal defense mechanisms.
64
Some anti-infective medications are more powerful when given in combination. This means that they are:
incompatible
antagonistic
Compatible
synergistic
65
Nurse is caring for a t who is receiving IV gentamycin. The pt complains of difficulty hearing. What should the nurse do
Administer the dose and speak in a louder voice when talking to the patient
Administer the dose and document the finding in the nurse's notes.
Hold the dose and notify the physician immediately.
Administer the dose and report this information to the oncoming nurse
66
If clients receive drugs that are known to induce superinfections, they should be monitored for signs of:
MI
Blood Clots
Hemorrhage
new infection
67
A nurse provides care in a busy ED is in contact with many patients each year. Which vaccine should she recieve?
HPV vaccine
Hep B vaccine
C.Diff vaccine
Staphylococcus aureus vaccine
68
What should you do if you break asepsis during urinary cathetrization?
Nothing, because the client is on antibiotics.
Complete the procedure and then report what happened.
Apologize to the client and complete the procedure.
Gather new sterile supplies and start over.
69
A nurse caring for a pt who has gas gangrene knows that this infection originated in which of the following reservoirs?
animals
Other people
food
soil
70
pts diagnostic testing revealed pt is colonized with VRE. What change in the pts health could precipitate infection?
persistent contact of bacteria wit hskin surfaces
development of skin break
Use of narrow spectrum antibiotic
treatment of concurrent infection using vancomycin
71
Whic antibiotics can be used to treat C.Diff?
Metronidazole
Penicillin
doxycycline
Tobramycin
72
A man on an airplane is sitting by a woman who is coughing & sneezing. If she has an infection, means of transmission?
direct contact
vectors
airborne route
indirect contact
73
To reduce the risk of needlestick injury, the nurse should preform which action?
Wear gloves when administering the injection.
Recap the needle immediately before leaving the room.
Avoid recapping the needle before disposing of it.
Recap the needle before leaving the bedside.
74
Which statement is true of health care personnel and good hand hygiene?
Only nurses need to practice hand hygiene.
Wearing gloves reduces the need for hand hygiene.
Hand hygiene is carefully followed.
Compliance is difficult to achieve.
75
A pt has been recieving Tetracycline for acne for a long period. Overtime effectiveness wore off. Nurses best action?
Assess the client for a new onset of drug hypersensitivity.
Educate the client about the phenomenon of drug tolerance
Assess for super infection
Refer the client to their PCP because the pt may have become resistent.
76
A nurse is performing sterile dressing change. If new sterile items are needed, how can they be added to sterile field?
By carefully handling them with clean hands
With clean forceps that touch only the outermost part of the item
With sterile forceps or hands wearing sterile gloves
By clean hands wearing clean latex gloves
77
Penicillin is considered pregnancy and children safe for use.
False
True
78
The nurse is providing teaching to a pt who is being sent home on PO tetracycline. What instructions should the n
Take the medication with 2 ounces of water
Check pulse rate and hold the drug if lower than 60 beats per minute (bpm).
Take the drug on an empty stomach.
Take the medication only once a day.
79
A pt with common cold says, "I am so angry with the nurse practitioner because he would not give ABX." Best response:
"Why do you think you need an antibiotic?"
"Let me talk to him and see what we can do."
"Antibiotics have no effect on viruses."
"I know what you mean; you need an antibiotic."
80
You do not need to use additional contraceptives with antibiotics.
False
True
81
Pt comes to the clinic reporting mouth sores consistent with an oral yeast infection. Recent use of what can cause this?
oral contraceptives
antibiotics
antivirals
antiprotozoals
