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Biology: Ecology, NS, and Evolution + Biology: Ecology Unit Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Biology: Ecology, NS, and Evolution + Biology: Ecology Unit Review
Biology: Ecology, NS, and Evolution + Biology: Ecology Unit Review
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1
How does this diagram support or refute the theory of evolution?
Support: The same structure evolved multiple times
Refute: None of these structures have any similarities
Refute: All organisms must have these to survive
Support: All of the structures came from a common ancestor
2
What kind of graph is used to represent human population growth?
Exponential
Logistic
Bar
Parabolic
3
What would happen to the prey population if the predator was eliminated?
Decrease
Stay the same
Increase
4
Bacteria & fungi are examples of ________ they break down organic matter
omnivores
decomposers
herbivores
carnviores
5
The largest number of individuals that a given environment can support is it's _______________
carrying capacity
density-independent
exponential
6
The diagram below is an _________ ________ .
food chain
graph
ecological pyramid
food web
7
In science, fitness is best described as...
How strong, smart or fast an organism is
How many offspring an organism can produce
Athletic potential
The ability to both survive and reproduce
8
Peppered moths have color variation. How is this an advantage to the species?
Sudden changes in the environment do not cause extinction
Moths that choose to blend in are smarter
Plenty of moths that are the wrong color feed birds
There is no advantage
9
What is evolution?
When organisms level up
How organisms change across many generations
Ancient rock layers and the fossils they hold
When organisms migrate to avoid bad weather
10
Natural selection causes...
Changes in an environment
Changes the frequency of some adaptations
Genetic variation within populations
Plants and animals to reproduce so they can survive
11
Wolves being eliminated from the pop. due to disease caused a _______to the moose birth rate
Decrease
Stay the same
Increase
12
Plants and bacteria are examples of _________________.
predators
consumers
consumers
autotrophs
13
_______ ________ are the living components of an ecosystem.
abiotic factors
biotic factors
14
The ____________ is a part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, air, atmosphere
biome
population
biosphere
15
All of the living things in an area is best described as a(n):
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Diversity
16
Below is an example of _____________. One organism lives on/inside another organism & harms it
commensalism
parasitism
mutualism
17
Any relationship where two species live closely together is called _______________
symbiosis
predation
predator prey relationship
companionship
18
Individuals who have traits that enable them to survive in an environment can reproduce &
Adapt traits to better ones throughout their lifetime
Begin the process of coevolution
Slow down the process of evolution
Pass on their traits to offspring
19
If a predator was introduced into a population what would happen to the death rate of the prey?
Stay the same
Increase
Decrease
20
________ _________: physical, or nonliving factor that shapes an ecosystem (ex.temperature)
abiotic factors
biotic factors
21
According to Darwin, the force that causes evolution to happen is called:
Gene mutation
Inheritance of acquired traits
Big animals eating smaller animals
Natural Selection
22
Below is an example of a ____________ which eats other animals
producer
carnivore
decomposer
herbivore
23
Which explanation best fits as to how katydids evolved from the ancestor of grasshoppers?
Grasshoppers born to look like leaves live the longest
Grasshoppers that blend in the most reproduce more over time
Grasshoppers the disguise themselves survive less
The strongest grasshoppers found the best environment
24
Organisms that rely on other organisms for energy & food supply are called _____________.
producer
heterotroph
autotroph
herbivore
25
Which of the following was not part of Darwin's 4 Factors of natural selection?
Competition for food and space
Inheritance of acquired characteristics
Variation among species
Survival and reproduction
26
Development of new types of organisms from preexisting types of organisms over time is called
Adaptation
Natural Selection
Evolution
Succession
27
The first organisms to move in during succession are known as....
Growth species
Settler species
Pioneer species
New species
28
__________ are assemblages of different populations that live in a defined area
species
populations
biomes
communities
29
Evidence that evolution occurs includes all of the following EXCEPT
Fossil Records
Acquired characteristics
Embyrology
Comparative Anatomy
30
Birds and giant squids have beaks that developed independently with the same function. This is:
Divergent Structures
Homologous Structures
Analogous Structures
Vestigial Structures
31
In the food web below the hawk is an _____ because it eats both grasshoppers & other organisms
herbivore
producer
omnivore
carnivore
32
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
Flower Colors
The fossil of a snail
Finch beaks
Human tailbones
33
Seeds in a garden sprout inches apart, causing the plants to be crowded, reducing their growth
Parasitism
Predation
Competition
Commensalism
34
Unusual weather, natural disasters,certain human activities are examples of
density-dependent factors
density-independent factors
35
An interaction in which one organism captures & feeds on another organism is called ________
symbiosis
mutualism
predation
36
Another name for an autotroph is a ____________
carnivore
omnivore
decomposer
producer
37
________ is the main energy source for life on Earth.
sun
stars
moon
sky
38
Which of the following best describes logistic growth?
Leveling out when reaching carrying capacity
The maximum number of organisms in an ecosystem
Unlimited resources to drive rapid growth
U-Shaped graph
39
The blue stem grass and prairie cornflower are examples of ______________
heterotroph
producers
carnivores
omnivore
40
Which of the following is responsible for limiting the size of a population?
Opportunity to locate mates
Increase in individuals born each year
Carrying capacity
Decomposers
41
Natural selection could not occur without
Gradual warming of the Earth
Genetic variation in species
Stable environments
Competition for unlimited resources
42
The movement of individuals OUT of a population
emigration
immigration
43
This growth occurs when population's growth slows/stops after a period of increased growth
exponential
logistic
44
Tapeworms live inside intestines and steal nutrients from eaten food, weakening the host.
Parasitism
Mutualism
Commensalism
Predation
45
Groups of individuals that belong to the same species & live in the same area are ________
communities
biospheres
populations
biomes
46
A forest fire would cause...
Climax community
Secondary succession
Natural selection
Primary succession
47
Humans, bears, and cows are considered to be _________ because they eat both plants & animals
decomposer
herbivore
omnivore
producer
48
___% of energy available within 1 trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next level
10
30
5
20
49
Which of the following describes when two organisms benefit from one another?
Commensalism
Parasitism
Mutualism
Competition
50
How do new species happen?
New species go extinct if they aren't as good as old species
Old species die out, making room for new species
Mutations kill old species so new species take their place
Populations become separated and adapt differently
51
Heterotrophs are also called _____ because they rely on other organisms for their food & energy
autotrophs
consumers
producers
herbivores
52
_____________: both species benefit from the relationship
parasitism
mutualism
commensalism
53
Which trait is most likely to be passed on from one generation to the next?
A trait that helps animals avoid predators
A trait that helps an animal live longer but can't reproduce
A trait that has no effect on a creature's life
A trait that prevents animals from seeing well
54
Which factors can affect population size?
births
deaths
# that enter or leave a population
all of the above
55
In _______ one member of the relationship benefits the other is neither helped or harmed
commensalism
parasitism
mutualism
56
TRUE OR FALSE: A limiting factor is a factor that causes population growth to INCREASE
True
False
57
What is the carrying capacity or the max individuals an environment can support of this pop. ?
400
600
200
500
58
The image shown below is a ____________ __________.
food web
ecological pyramid
trophic level
food chain
59
A variation that helps an organism survive in its environment is called a(n):
Species
Adaptation
Vestigial Structure
Competition
60
The moose and a wolf graph below shows an example of _________________ what relationship
symbiosis
predator prey
mutualism
61
In ________growth resources become less available & the growth of a population slows or stops
logistic
exponential
62
The process in which a group of organisms becomes better suited to its environment is known as
Adaptation
Variation
Accomodation
Acclimation
63
Kelp is an example of a ________ because they make their own food.
producer
decomposer
heterotroph
carnivore
64
How do these embryos show evidence for evolution?
Early development shows common characteristics and ancestry
These embryos do not support the theory of evolution
Late development shows how closely each organism adapted
Middle development shows how each organism adapts to survive
65
Homologous structures in organisms provide evidence that the organisms...
have a skeletal structure
must have lived at different times
share a common ancestor
are now extinct
66
In the food web below what organism is the primary consumer?
grass
insects
snake
shrew
67
These factors include competition, predation, parasitism, and disease
density-dependent
density-independent
68
Under ideal conditions with unlimited resources a population will grow _____________
logistically
exponentially
69
During primary succession, the first organisms to move in are...
Flowers and grass
Large trees
Shrubs
Lichens and moss
70
When looking at fossils, those that are found deeper in the Earth are
Heavier
Newer
More recent
Older
71
The movement of individuals into a population is _____________
emigration
immigration
72
All organisms that live in a particular place together with their nonliving environment
biome
ecosystem
population
species
73
What is an example of a heterotroph?
herbivore
carnivore
omnivore
all of the above
74
__________ _________ is the number of individuals per unit area
population density
symbiosis
size
75
This type of growth occurs when individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate
exponential
logistic
76
A _________ is a group of organism so similar to one another they reproduce fertile offspring.
biosphere
biome
population
species
