Why does Escalation of Commitment Occur

Decision makers believe spending more time and energy will recover losses

Which is true about self-esteem?

May be a relationship to some physical attributes and self esteem

Conflict can be positive because

it can lead to positive changes in work practices

Research on transformational leadership

Is primarily qualitative research

What is a challenge of a flat structure?

advancement opportunities will be more limited

A Nonprogrammed Decision is..

One which a manager has an established rule

Authentic leadership is when you...

are guided by your values and beliefs

What are the Three Social Roles in a team?

Cooperator, Communicator, Calibrator

What is punctuated equilibrium?

Long periods of stasis followed by sudden changes

A drawback of democratic leadership is..

slow decision making due to listening to everyone

Which are Hackman's three team tasks?

Production, Idea Generation and Problem Solving

Individual belongs to more than 1 group

How resistant the group is to breaking up

Which of the following is NOT a problem with the Rational Decision Making Model

assumes that the decision has serious consequences

What is Nominal Group Technique?

A group takes a vote and assigns value

Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational leadership theory (SLT) means:

A leadership contingency theory that focuses on follower’s readiness

seeking evidence to support an idea, rather than refute it

Which is True of the Delphi Technique of Decision-making

often used to generate best practices from experts

Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement

a general agreement about something.

Groupthink happens when a team

Has prioritized getting along over final results

Participants were likely to obey an authority figure

a group who come together to accomplish a goal

The 5 conflict handling styles are:

Avoiding Accommodating Competing Collaborating Compromising

Is there only one right person in a conflict?

no,it was a breakdown in communication

A weakness of the trait theory is?

Does not explain the role of 'nurture' in forming personality.

What are the three factors to evaluate the level of creativity in the decison making process?

Flexibility, originality, fluency

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Organizational Behaviour Test 3 Review (Roger Batchelor)

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This Quiz is to support Chapters 9 Teams and Groups, 10 Conflict and 11 Decision Making, free online Organizational Behavior textbook at https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/orgbehavior/

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Questions 91

Answers

1
Why does Escalation of Commitment Occur
Decision makers believe spending more time and energy will recover losses
Decsion makers have bad intensions
Decison makers do not have enough alternatives
Decision makers are unethical
2
Which leadership approach is not leader centered?
Authentic
Trait
Skills
LMX
3
Which is true about self-esteem?
More aggressive people have higher self esteem
Self esteem is siuational
Self Esteem is linked with Extraversion
May be a relationship to some physical attributes and self esteem
4
Competent communication in a conflict involves
being aggressive
not expressing your feelings
blaming
empathizing
5
Conflict can be positive because
it results in increase productivity
it can lower communication skills
it can lead to positive changes in work practices
it lowers employee morale
6
Research on transformational leadership
Is relatively sparse in modern times
Is primarily qualitative research
Has been conducted over the last century
Is primarily quantitative research
7
How do you determine your BATNA?
Find out if you can bring in a third party for interests
Find out what you can do for the other party
All of the above
Find what you can do all by yourself
8
What is a challenge of a flat structure?
advancement opportunities will be more limited
lower levels of freedom of action for each employee
employees are more dependent
lower levels of self-actualization
9
An advantage of a contingency approach is...
efficiency
decision making
clearly defined roles
flexibility
10
A Nonprogrammed Decision is..
A bad decison
One which a manager has an established rule
A decision to which a manager has satisfaction in making
•A new, complex decision that requires a creative solution
11
What is compromise
being sneaky
Willing to give and take
not giving anything to your friend
being kind
12
Authentic leadership is when you...
are guided by your values and beliefs
promote your followers to be genuine
promote negative behaviours
lead in authentic shoes
13
A set of abilities understanding and managing emotions
Locus of Control
Emotional Labour
Emotional Managment
Emotional Intelligence
14
The most effective conflict resolution is a:
Forcing
Withdrawing
Smoothing
Win-Win
15
What happens when a conflict is NOT managed well?
Trust is destroyed
There is peace between the two parties
Everyone is happy
Relationships are made stronger
16
A strategy for managing conflict that involves ignoring or failing to deal with the conflict
Defensive behaviors
Avoiding
Criticism
Competing
17
What are the Three Social Roles in a team?
Cooperator, Communicator, Calibrator
Conflict Manager, Active Listener, Empathizer
Boundary Spanning, Structural, Creative
Executive, Manger, Supervisor
18
Which of the following is not a leadership style?
Democratic
Laissez-Faire
Ambidextrous
Transformational
19
What is punctuated equilibrium?
Constant environmental conditions
Long periods of stasis followed by sudden changes
Long periods of change
Slow changes from one species to another
20
What style of leadership is being used here based on Path-Goal leadership?
Directive style
Participative style
Achievement-Orientated style
Supportive style
21
A drawback of democratic leadership is..
slow decision making due to listening to everyone
it may give employers too much power
it may cause arguments between staff & employers
it may decrease employee participation
22
Which are Hackman's three team tasks?
Frontline, Supervisory and Managerial
Intrarole, Interrole, Interpersonal
Production, Idea Generation and Problem Solving
Creative, Rational and Intuitive
23
Interrole
Receives conflicting instructions from 2 or more resources
Individual belongs to more than 1 group
Sender gives conflicting instructions
Disparity between internal and external roles
24
Team cohesion is:
How quickly the group breaks up
How much fun the group have
How resistant the group is to breaking up
How quickly the group becomes a group
25
Which of these are causes of conflict?
incompatible goals
all of the above
limited resources
multiple role expectations
26
What is NOT apart of the stages of team development?
Thinking
Adjourning
Storming
Forming
27
Which of the following is NOT a problem with the Rational Decision Making Model
assumes people completely understand the decision to be made
assumes people want to make optimal decisions
assumes no perceptual bias
assumes that the decision has serious consequences
28
Which of the following aren't negotation behaviour?
Listening Skills
Tact and Diplomacy
Questioning Skills
Meditation
29
What does LPC stands for in Feidler's contingency theory?
Low power context
Least performing co-worker
Low performance context
Least preferred co-worker
30
What's GDSS?
Group Decision Semi-Strructured
Group Decision-Support Systems
Good Decision-Support Systems
Great Decision Strategy Systems
31
What is Nominal Group Technique?
A process where no one can help
A group takes a vote and assigns value
A calculation
Teamwork
32
Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational leadership theory (SLT) means:
The theory that focuses on each unique situation
The theory that focuses on the leader willingness
A leadership contingency theory that focuses on follower’s readiness
The theory that focuses on the mutual agreement
33
Confirmation bias
tendency to approach a problem with a method that worked previously
seeking evidence to support an idea, rather than refute it
fast, automatic, unreasoned feelings and thoughts
the inability to look from another perspective, in order to maintain belief
34
The 5 common dysfunctions of teams are Lack of trust, Fear of conflict and 3 others...
Results orientation
Avoidance of accountability
Lack of commitment
Inattention of results
35
Which is True of the Delphi Technique of Decision-making
often used to generate best practices from experts
it is similar to brain storming except that the stranger ideas are preferre
members vote for their favorite ideas by using ranking
each member of group begins by silently writing down ideas
36
The Stanford prison study investigated...
Compliance
Conformity to Social Roles
Rebellion
Obedience to Authority
37
BATNA stands for...
Best Alternative to Negotiated Arrangement
Best Addition to Negotiated Arrangement
Best Addition Towards Negotiated Arrangement
Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement
38
Consensus means:
to pardon, to forgive or to overlook.
to guess, or to infer.
to include; contain or involve.
a general agreement about something.
39
What’s an advantage of a tall structure?
Communication is quick and easy
Good supervision of employees
Wide span of control
Easy decisions to be made as communication is quick
40
A disadvantage of a virtual team is?
More travel time
unnecessary meetings
High office cost
Cannot build trust fast
41
Groupthink happens when a team
Effectively uses brainstorming to generate new ideas
Has prioritized getting along over final results
Is so compatible they intuitively know their roles and tasks
Has established a hive mind
42
What is Situational Leadership?
Leading from the front
Leading flexibly
Leading in a set style
Leading in a particular area
43
What does LPC stands for in Feidler's contingency theory?
Low performance context
Least preferred co-worker
Least performing co-worker
Low power context
44
What can we gain from a diverse leadership team?
Greater opportunity for personal and professional growth
Cultural prospectives
Creativity and drive innovation
All
45
Path-goal theory has its roots in which theory of motivation?
two factor
expectancy
equity
goal setting
46
Milgram found that:
Most people are unlikely to demonstrate pro-social behaviour
People will change their behaviour based on their social role
Participants were likely to conform to peer pressure
Participants were likely to obey an authority figure
47
What is a team?
Jake Paulers
a group who come together to accomplish a goal
Logang
3 people
48
The 5 conflict handling styles are:
Accommodation Losing Winning Trying Conceding
Avoiding Accommodating Competing Collaborating Compromising
Withdrawing, Not caring, Fighting, Agreeing, Cooperating
Lose-lose, Lose-win, Win-lose, Win-win,
49
Is there only one right person in a conflict?
sometimes.
no,it was a breakdown in communication
not always.
yes, because I am always right.
50
A weakness of the trait theory is?
Lacks scientific proof.
Relies on statistical data, which allows great objectivity.
The models may be too simplistic.
Does not explain the role of 'nurture' in forming personality.
51
What are the three factors to evaluate the level of creativity in the decison making process?
Flexibility, originality, fluency
Creativity, Rationality, Intuition
Originality, rationality, analytical
Time taken, number of options, delphi technique
52
People-oriented behaviors include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Clarifying work duties and procedures.
Listening to suggestions.
demonstrating genuine concern for others.
Showing trust for others.
53
A group technique for solving problems, generating ideas, stimulating creative thinking
Brainstorming
Pneumatics
Design
Assembly
54
When expectations within a role are in conflict?
gender role identity
gender role attitude
sex-typing
intrarole conflict
55
One criticism of Trait theory is:
It doesn't explain why personalities change
Too positive
Age stages too restrictive
Small Sample Size
56
What is the stage of group development that follows norming?
Adjourning
Performing
Norming 2 Electric Boogaloo
Storming
57
Which of the following is not a cause of conflict in an organization?
Communication problems
Personality differences
Organizational Mission and Vison
Incompatible goals
58
Which of these is not an outcome to conflict resolution?
Win-win
win-lose
Lose-lose
win-lose-win
59
Trait theory does not identify leaders on the basis of which of the following:
Personalitycharacteristics
Integrity
Abilities
Physicalattributes
60
Two dimensions of leader behavior, intiating structure and consideration are the result of:
Michigan University studies
Ohio State University
RMIT university studies
61
What should you do once you have formulated your BATNA?
Ask someone if it is a reasonable BATNA
Re-evaluate your BATNA
Decide if it is worth negotiating or stay at BATNA
Find alternative BATNA e. Determine are you okay with BATNA
62
What was Asch testing?
stress levels
social pressure
vison
conformity
63
The earliest approach to the study of leadership was
The transformational approach
The transactional approach
The trait approach
The behavioral approach
64
You should use the Bounded Rationality Model when...
You are not trying to maximize your outcome
New solutions need to be generated
Goals are unclear
The decision is important
65
The behavioral approach determined that leadership is composed of what two types of behaviors:
task and relationship
assertive behavior and passive aggressive
emotions and reactions
cause and effect
66
Intrapersonal conflict
Within a person
Between 2 organizations
2 or more people
Between teams
67
According to Vroom and Yetton, which is NOT a decision making leadership style?
laissez faire process
group process
autocratic process
consultative process
68
What is the behavioral approach to leadership?
A good leader is made, not born
A good leader is born and made
A good leader is not made or born
A good leader is born, not made
69
What does a lack of conflict in a group signify?
Cooperation
Good Work
Groupthink
Problem Solving
70
Teams that use computer technology to tie together different members to achieve a common goal.
Cross-Functional
Self-Managed
Problem-Solving
Virtual
71
What is another term for self-managed teams?
Individual associations
Individual teams
Self-directed teams
Single team leaders
72
Hindsight bias is defined as an increased commitment to a previous decision despite negative information
False
True
73
Which is true about the Right Hemisphere
Sequential
Centre for logic, detail and planning
Nonverbal
Analytical
74
What is Group Cohesion
Discomfort based on the group.
Level of group's shared optimism
The integrity, solidarity, and unity of the group
Study of group Identities
75
The 4 styles in Situational Leadership are...
Expressive Amiable Driver Analytical
Directing Supporting Coaching Delegating
Democratic Authoritarian Laissez-Faire Bureaucratic
Mentoring Coaching Delegating Directing
76
How could you make a conflict worse?
All of these
Behave in the same way
Accept the behaviour that's upsetting you
Ignore the behaviour
77
Which of the following is NOT a step in the Rational Decision-Making Model
Generate Alternatives
Incubation
Evaluation Alternatives
Establish Criteria
78
Leadership and the LPC ("Least Preferred Co-Worker")
Are you task-oriented or relationship-oriented?
Are you boss-oriented or subordinate-oriented?
Do your co-workers avoid you at all costs?
Are you a full-time employee or an intern?
79
What is the Halo effect?
When a teacher labels a student as good and can do no bad
When a teacher labels a student as bad and can do no good
When a teacher labels a student bad and can do no bad
When a student labels a teacher bad who can not teach
80
What is the contingency approach?
States that effective communication is needed to meet the business goals
States that positive management is needed for business success
States that the only wait to maximise profit is to minimise the expenses
States that flexibility is needed to adapt to changes in the environment
81
When in conflict you should
avoid the situation
blame someone else!
be responsible for how you feel, own it!
find a new team
82
Which one is a factor that influences conflict between individuals in organizations
Develop strategies to be more competitive
Recognize defence mechanisms
Appeal to your boss or their boss
The most skilled at using political power against others wins
83
The Vroom Yetton method requires the managers first to:
put together a team
intuition
diagnose the problem
gather information
84
A leader with a low LPC is better in:
both situation-favorable and situation-unfavorable
in neither situation-favorable or situation-unfavorable
situation-favorable only
situation-unfavorable only
85
What is conflict?
A disagreement about ideas, facts, values, opinions
Dinner with Roger!
Rainbows and butterflies
A difficult situation
86
Managing conflict that involves working toward a solution that meets both parties’ needs
Collaborating
Accommodating
Compromising
Contemptuous behaviors
87
Social loafing is?
people who do care to achieve a goal
people exerting less effort to achieve a goal
people exerting more effort to acheive a goal
people who do not care to achieve a goal
88
Advantages of using intuition in decision making, except :
Useful when resources are limited
Useful when the deadlines are tight
Speed up decision making process
Overconfidence and hindsight bias
89
Arbitration is the
process of going to court
process of going to court
process of resolving a dispute by an independent third party
jurisdictional limit placed by a court
90
A limitation to behavioural approaches to leadership is that:
LMX leaders often are also situational
Military leaders are sometimes not aggressive
A given set of behaviors might not work under all circumstances
Task-oriented leaders might have high self esteem
91
The Ohio State Leadership Studies revealed 2 major dimension: ________ and initiating structure
Consideration
Communication
Control
Collaboration

Organizational Behaviour Test 3 Review (Roger Batchelor) Flashcards | StudBud