Comp. Para. Sys chap 4, 5, 6(7)

1st:what is a Closed-list PR system Party

Interest aggregation is a imbalancing act. The aim is to narrow policy options

•formal orgs based on common interest; organized

Efficiency and Equity is an EX of

•someone/ group who doesn't put in the hard work but can enjoy the fruits of someone else's hard laborer= free rider

Are there relationships between political participation and political culture and socialization?

Most people value policies that they view as improving their living conditions

SMDP-2ndtype is used by russia and new zealand

•Public Policy: consist of all those democratic public decisions that governments make

•Membership is often compulsory

•they are episodic; Based on common intrest/identities like race, ethnicity, occupation;lack organization/planning

•Membership in the peak association is often compulsory and nearly universal

Participation + Compliance + Procedural justice + Effectiveness and efficiency=

political access can be legitmate or coersion

•Maurice Duverger

Means- individual or public action through voting, protesting, etc.

civil society =people are involved in social and political interactions free of state control or regulations

Anthony Downs

POLITICAL PARTIES-Who wins or loses in the competition for influencing policy decisions depends on

•United States and France USE this group system

it is problematic for voters to vote strategically

3rd:what countries use Consensual Party System

How does a “civil society” differ from a non-civil society?

it is problematic for voters to vote strategically

electoral systems must be considered legitamate

•Group membership is voluntary and limited

electoral systems use Political socialization and interest articulation

•Groups exist to facilitate government control of society

4th:what is a Single-member district plurality

•no interest aggregation even by party members•no autonomous opposition parties or interest groups

•top-down/ hierarcial structure of interest aggregation

5th:what is a Proportional Representation (PR)

•In non-democratic systems, the party is the person (the president) and the person is the party

2nd:what is the Liberation theory

SMDP- first type s used by US

Excluding goods from people is __

Why have many countries turned to military governments, and why are military governments often short-lived?

Why may a “windfall” of natural resources make it more difficult to introduce or sustain democracy?

•There may be as many as one, two, five, or even 100+ political parties in a single country

2nd:what is a voters means

Citizens are most free and most able to act purposefully when their environment is stable, transparent, and predictable.

1st:what is a free-rider

what are the 3 types of government systems

•“compete” for seats in the legislature, the ruling party is certain that opp parties have 0 chance of winning

•often permit formation of opposition parties and conduct elections

Political parties are the secondary structures of interest aggregation

more modern a country is the lesser regulation the state has

•Recognize and even encourage the formation of interest groups, •often controlled by one party

the US is a civil society

•Interact w/ organized groups•use elections and electoral rules to aggregate interests

•weakness or absence of constitutional tradition contributes to Military intervention

•seeks to legitimize itself through ideology

Order+Predictability +Stability=

Do electoral systems always convert votes into power?

groups forming in reactions to an event, very little or no organization/ planning, rise spontaneously, subside suddenly

•no interest aggregation even by party members, •no autonomous opposition parties or interest groups

Are we going to pass

population control policies in Chinais an EX of

value participation it enhances citizen competence and dignity.

How does a “civil society” differ from a non-civil society?

groups compete among themselves for membership and influence; all simultaneously press their demands on the government

•Austria, Finland, Norway, Sweden USE this group system

health, education, and social protection is an EX of

Economic Welfare + Quality of life + Freedom + Personal Security=

welfare is an EX of

What structures other than political parties aggregate interests?

tax rates is an EX of

PR- is use in China

persuasion or moral exhortation is an EX of

Median Voter Result- prefernce dont equal policy

4th:what countries use (accommodative) party systems

•Groups are often systematically involved in making and implementing policy.

Why does globalization give rise to internal conflict within nations?

Anomic= atomic bomb,Reaction to form “group”

magnanimity is an EX of

moderization is characterized by

health, education, and social protection is an EX of

•narrowing the policy options through open dialouge almost non-existent contributes to Military intervention

•China, other traditional communist countries USE this group system

3rd:what is collective action

civil society = is misleading because of modernization

•formed for the purpose of articulating the particular interest of the groups, explictly