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AP Psych Cognition and Language Review Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psych Cognition and Language Review
AP Psych Cognition and Language Review
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1
Because it has features commonly associated with the concept of a dog, a poodle is considered:
algorithm
heuristic
prototype
phoneme
2
Syntax refers to
rules for grouping words into a sentence
overall rules of language
rules by which meaning is derived from sentences
sounds in a word
3
Experts in a field often prefer heuristics to algorithms because heuristics:
often save time
guarantee solutions to problems
prevent fixations
prevent mental sets
4
Which best describes the use of availability heuristics?
AJ believes more injuries occur in hockey than baseball
Jack believes all secretaries are women
sam completes a math problem step by step
Angelica thinks bulldogs are an example of a dog
5
Phonemes are best defined as:
Th e smallest meaningful combination of sounds in a language
Th e basic sounds of consonants and vowels
A special form of communication
Something that specifi es the meaning of words and phrases
6
Grady was in an accident that left him unable to comprehend spoken words. Most likely damage to
Pons
Motor Cortex
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
7
Which hormone directly helps to regulate sleep?
serotonin
testosterone
cortisol
melatonin
8
Procedural knowledge like tying your shoes is stored in which part of the brain
amygdalla
hippocampus
cerbellum
thalamus
9
Adding salt to a meal slowly until you can taste the difference illustrates
gate-control theory
absolute threshold
difference threshold
olfactory sense
10
Noam Chomsky’s language theory included the idea that:
Language development occurs between the ages of 3 and 5
Children make the same grammatical errors as their parents.
Children have an innate mental grammar.
Children learn language through reinforcement
11
Which is an example of the Sapier-Whorf hypothesis?
I call my drink soda while a buddy in another state says pop
CJ's parents clap for him when he says a correct word
Jan calls all 4 legged animals doggies
Infants around the world babble at the same age
12
To become a chess or checkers champion one must use:
Algorithms
Heuristics
Concepts
Prototypes
13
Which is NOT true of babbling?
It is an imitation of adult speech
it occurs from 4 months to 1 year
it is the same in all cultures
Babbling increasing resembles a certain language
14
Learned taste aversions generally result from
representative heuristics
availibility heuristics
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
15
The fact that we can think without language is best illustrated by
the framing effect
representative heuristics
algorithms
mental imagery
16
I want to buy the blue car on the commercial I saw. I don't look at any other color. Example of
Availability Heuristics
A concept
Algorithm
A prototype
17
Cognitive psychologists classify learning as
the overt action displayed by a subject
processes that allow one to connect behavior and response
the unconscious thoughts produced by the id
a function necessary for the survival of the species
18
Ecstasy increases the activity of ___________ which is connected to the feeling of pleasure
dopamine
serotonin
GABA
glutamate
19
Scientist are trained to review any inconsistencies with their hypothesis in order to avoid
the framing effect
naturalistic observation
confirmation bias
functional fixedness
20
When he was 40, AJ was asked to recall his 14th birthday, which type of memory is this example?
semantic
procedural
episodic
encoding
21
Which of the following is not supported by the Whorf-Sapirlinguistic relativity hypothesis?
If language lacks expression, the idea will likely not occur
The language a person speaks determines what a person thinks
If language affects info storage, it affects our thoughts
Evidence supports that language has inborn tendencies
22
The part of the brain most responsible for making decisions is the
thalamus
prefontal cortex
corpus callosum
amygdala
23
When Maria's mother drops her off at preschool, Maria says only one word, "Mama." Maria is in
one word stage
phoneme stage
the babbling stage
two word stage
24
Which structure is found in the inner ear?
stirrup
cochlea
auditory nerve
pinna
25
When Dave injured Broca's area of the brain he had problems
speaking words
understanding words
writing words
hearing words
26
Compared to divergent thinkers, convergent thinkers are more likely to:
Choose to problem solve using an algorithm not a heuristic
Generate many different solutions when problem solving
Use representative heuristic to solve the problem
Think "outside the box" when problem solving
27
info received from the senses and then transformed into concepts used to solve problems is
thinking
reasoning
language
creativity
28
Which of the following is not a good example of the ability to overcome functional fixedness?
A math formula is used to solve a math problem.
A credit card is used as a bookmark
A potato is used as a temporary gas cap
A paper clip is used to make earrings
29
Which of the following statements best describes an example of availability heuristic?
Tim is not afraid of public speaking after a conference
Rob likes to come up with one correct solution
Jane thinks all men will cheat on her
JP complains about work, then JPs wife sees him enjoy work
30
Dr. Mendoza is studying the mental strategies people use when solving problems. He is using
Organizational Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Developmental Psychology
Experimental Psychology
31
Which of the following is an example of the use of the representativeness heuristic?
Judging a situation by a rule that is not always, true
Breaking a math story problem down into smaller, parts
I assume someone who is laid back w/ long hair is from Cali
Solving a problem with a rule
32
Which of the following terms is not an example of a problem-solving technique?
trial and error
brainstorming
heuristics
functional fixedness
33
Walking up and down the aisles of a store to find your item is a strategy known as
incubation
heuristics
algorithm
analogy
34
When solving an anagram one must try every possible combination of letters, this is an example
an image
a heuristic
a concept
an algorithm
35
Which system allows you to raise your hand to answer a question
parasympathetic
autonomic
somatic
sympathetic
36
Which of the following statements best illustrates the concept of framing?
An ad uses divergent thinking to come up with a slogan
A company puts beautiufl women in its commercials
A person remembers items on a list depending on their order
ad says you can die if you don't rather than it will saveyou
37
Dr. Tallway believes that children learn language based on reinforcement. He agrees with
Gardner
Piaget
Skinner
Chomsky
38
Which type of scan uses X-ray technology to examine the structure of the brain?
PET Scan
MRI
fMRI
CAT Scan
39
Rudy is 6'6 and 220lbs, I think that he is more likely a basketball player than a chess player
overconfidence
functional fixedness
representative heuristics
availability heuristics
40
Who believed that language was part of an inborn communication device?
Loftus
Chomsky
Skinner
Thorndike
41
What type of memory has info about how to do things like ride a bike, tie shoes or hit a ball
explicit
episodic
procedural
semantic
42
The psychologist that concluded that a child will model aggressive behaviors modeled by adults
Freud
Piaget
Bandura
Skinner
43
Complete the following: -ed is to SH as _____________ is to ______________
syntax;grammar
grammar;syntax
phoneme; morpheme
morpheme;phoneme
44
Which of the following is an opiate?
caffine
heroin
cocaine
nicotine
45
A survey showed that 75% of ppl like plants, but only 15% of them like botany, this is due to
insight
analogies
confirmation bias
the framing effect
46
Which of the following is an example of functional fixedness?
using a blanket as a floor mat
calling a tangerine an orange
replacing oil with applesauce when baking a cake
not using the other end of a fork to butter your toast
47
Failure to notice a differently worded questions is an example of what obstacle to prob solving
incubation
heuristic
mental set
algorithm
48
You hear that one of my children is a good ball player.You assume that it is my son not daugter
Confirmation Bias
Belief preserverance
Availability Heuristics
Representative Heuristics
49
William Wundt's early work led to the theory of
structuralism
repression
functionalism
Gestalt psychology
50
Rules of grammar can best be defined as:
phonemes and morphemes
Acquiring language through four stages
forming sentence that range from 3 to 8 words
speaking in sentences that are stated in different ways