Urinary System and Venipuncture

Which component of an ionic contrast media increases its solubility?

What is the total capacity of the average adult bladder?

The drug Lasix is classified as a:

Blood in the urine

The structural and functional unit of the kidney is:

Over-the-needle catheters are often used for drip infusion studies.

Which one of the following drugs is often given before an IVU to reduce the risk of a contrast media reaction?

What structure enables the kidneys to be visualized on plain abdominal radiographs?

Act of voiding

Ionic contrast agents use a parent compound of a carboxyl group (benzoic acid).

Which term describes the act of voiding under voluntary control?

Age-associated enlargement of the prostate gland

The most common size needle used for bolus injection of contrast agents for adult patients is _____ gauge.

Patients (or legal guardian) must sign an informed consent form before a venipuncture procedure.

During an IVU the radiologist suspects nephroptosis. Which of the following positions best demonstrates this position?

Ureteric compression is contraindicated for patients with a history of:

A medical emergency must be declared if the patient experiences a moderate contrast media reaction.

The suprarenal glands are part of the endocrine system.

In preparation for a venipuncture, a tourniquet should be applied ____ above or proximal to the site of injection.

The bevel of the needle must be facing downward during the actual puncture into a vein.

Which level of contrast media reaction has occurred when the patient develops moderate urticaria?

If both procedures are ordered on the same day, a barium enema must be performed before an IVU.

Which symptom is considered a severe reaction to contrast media and can be life-threatening?

Absence of a functioning kidney

CT (computed tomography) of the kidney for renal calculi does not require the use of intravenous contrast media.

Which of the following conditions is considered to be higher risk (a contraindication) for a contrast media reaction?

Nonionic contrast agents contain no positively charged cations.

What is the recommended position for a male retrograde urethrogram?

Which of the following is true with nonionic-type contrast media?

PT comes in for IVU. The clinical hx states that the patient may have an enlarged prostate gland. Best positions?

With AEC, which ionization chamber(s) should be activated for an AP projection taken during an IVU?

The glomeruli, glomerular capsule, and proximal and distal convoluted tubules are located in the ____ of the kidney.

Pt w/possible ureteric stone comes from the ER for an IVU. She has a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 50. What next?

A region or area of subcutaneous swelling caused by allergic reaction to foods or drugs is termed:

Passage of a large volume of urine

During an IVU, the patient develops severe urticaria. What should be the next action taken by the technologist?

Which abdominal muscles run on each side of, and medial and posterior to, the kidneys?

What is the primary purpose of the premedication procedure before an iodinated contrast media study?

Pt w/hx of vesicourethral reflux states that she is highly sensitive to iodinated contrast media. Alternative?

A LPO position taken during an IVU reveals that the right kidney is foreshortened and superimposed over the spine. Fix?

If a patient has tachycardia after systemic contrast media injection, he or she is experiencing a ____ reaction.

Constant or frequent involuntary passage of urine

The rapid introduction of contrast agents into the vascular system is termed:

Generally, female patients cannot be shielded during an IVU (except for nephrotomography).

Which of the following compounds is a common cation (+) found in ionic contrast media?

After surgery of the abdomen, pt has order for IVU w/ureteric compression to enhance pelvicalyceal filling. What to do?

Venipuncture may be performed by a technologist only if a physician is present in the room or is in an adjoining room.

The normal creatinine level (diagnostic indication of kidney function) for an adult is _____ mg/dL.

Phlebitis is considered to be a systemic contrast media reaction.

The American College of Radiology recommends that metformin be withheld for ____ hour(s) following a contrast procedure.

Which of the following projections and/or positions would be performed for a voiding cystourethrogram on a male?

Where is the central ray (CR) centered for a nephrotomogram of the kidneys?

Normal BUN (blood urea nitrogen) levels in adults should not exceed ____ mg per 100 mL.

If available, the technologist should use a central line catheter to introduce contrast agents into the patient.

One of the three constricted points along each ureter is the pelvic brim. The location of this constricted point is:

AP taken during a retrograde cystogram reveals that the floor of the bladder is over the symphysis pubis, why?

Which term describes the leakage of contrast media from a vein into the surrounding tissues of the arm?

Which of the following symptoms is classified as “mild” during a systematic contrast media reaction?

A nephrogram taken during an IVU shows the renal parenchyma is poorly seen but the calyces are contrast enhanced. Why?

Normal kidney that fails to ascend into the abdomen but remains in the pelvis

The left kidney is generally slightly lower, or more inferior, than the right.

A patient experiences a hot flash after the injection of an iodinated contrast media. What should be the next action?

Which of the following conditions is considered a moderate-level contrast media reaction requiring treatment?

The average adult kidney measures ____ in length.

Which of the following veins is not normally used during venipuncture?

The numerous mucosal folds located within the urinary bladder are termed:

Patchy blunting of the calyces is a radiographic sign of:

What do you do when a patient experiences a side effect of mild hot flashes and metallic taste?

A true allergic reaction is also called an anaphylactic reaction.

Fusion of the kidneys during development of the fetus

A vasovagal contrast media reaction can be a life-threatening condition.

What is the recommended treatment protocol for extravasation?

If a patient hass laryngeal swelling after contrast media injection, he or she is experiencing a ____ level reaction.

The term describing the total functioning portions of the kidney is the:

Which structure is labeled 2?

Artificial opening between the urinary bladder and aspects of the large intestine

Extravasation is classified as a local reaction.

Nonionic contrast agents may increase the severity of side effects as compared with ionic contrast agents.

Which structure and/or region of the kidney is labeled 1?

Which of the following functions is not performed by the urinary system?

Excretion of diminished amounts of urine

Which one of the following veins is NOT selected for venipuncture during an IVU?

Complete cessation of urinary secretion

Large stone that grows and completely fills the renal pelvis

Ultrasound is an effective imaging modality in demonstrating cystitis.

Nonionic contrast agents create a hypertonic condition in the blood plasma as compared with ionic contrast agents.

What is the structure labeled 6?

All reactions, regardless to their severity, must be documented.

The technologist should leave a butterfly needle in the vein for the first part of the IVU following injection.

How is contrast media normally introduced during a retrograde cystogram?

A brief loss of consciousness caused by reduced cerebral blood flow is termed:

Pt has pain at injection site w/swelling. Tech stops and thinks needle slipped out of vein. What should they do?

IVU pt has a clinical history of renal hypertension. How should the IVU procedure be altered for this patient?

Which occurs in many patients and is defined as an expected outcome to the introduction of iodinated contrast media?

Urine will travel from the major calyces to the:

PT for IVU has lab report indicating a creatinine level of 0.7 mg/dL. What should be the technologist’s next step?

If an IVU is performed on a female, a menstrual history must be obtained.

Which of the following is considered as a contraindication for an IVU procedure?

It is recommended to inject contrast media through a shunt when one is present in the patient.

Which structure of the kidney is labeled 3?