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College Biology Sem 1 Final
College Biology Sem 1 Final
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1
Replication of organelles of EUK cell occurs during
G2
S
G1
interphase
2
Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?
Cells come from other cells by division.
All organisms made of one or more cells.
Cells are the smallest living things.
Euk cells have evolved from Prok cells.
3
If an atoms has one valence electron, it will most likely form
an ionic bond
two nonpolar, covalent bonds
one polar, covalent bond
two covalent bonds
4
How does S phase following meiosis I differ from S phase in mitosis?
DNA does not replicate during S phase following meiosis I
there is no difference
DNA replication takes more time due to cohesion proteins
DNA replication takes less time because cell is haploid
5
How is polymer broken down into monomers?
by the removal of an -OH and an H atom
From the growth of of the chain of C atoms
through H bonding
by the addition of an -OH and an H atom
6
Separation of sister chromatids and elongation of the cell occurs during
prophase
prometaphase
telophase
anaphase
7
The function of the Calvin cycle is to
fix carbon
absorb light energy
convert glucose to CO2, yielding energy
synthesize RuBP
8
The most important factor that limits the size of a cell is
the amount of DNA in the cell
the rate of diffusion
the surface-area-to-volume ratio
the amount of proteins and organelles made by a cell
9
The isotopes C14 and C12 differ in
the number of neutrons
both the number of protons and electrons
the number of protons
the number of electrons
10
Kinetochores are associated with which of the following on a sister chromatid?
centromere
cohesion
condensation
centriole
11
RNA polymerase binds to a ______ to initiate ______.
transcription factor; translation
promoter; transcription
mRNA; translation
primer; transcription
12
Where in the chloroplast would you find the highest concentration of protons?
in the lumen of the thylakoid
in the stroma
in the intermembrane space
in the antenna complex
13
How do polar covalent bonds differ from nonpolar covalent bonds?
NPC bonds always have a charge attraction
NPC have a large different in electronegativity values
PC have a large difference in electronegativity values
P.C electrons are shared equally between atoms
14
A substance with a high concentration of hydrogen ions is
both an acid and high pH
called an acid
has a high pH
called a base
15
Which of the following is NOT a property of life?
movement
homeostasis
order
energy utilization
16
In which domain of life would you find only single-celled organisms?
archaea
bacteria and archaea
bacteria
eukarya
17
Which of the following does not contribute to genetic diversity?
metaphase of meiosis I
recombination
independent assortment
metaphase of meiosis II
18
If a cell is an isotonic environment, then which of the following is true?
The cell will gain water and burst.
Osmosis still occurs, but no net gain or loss of cell volume
The cell will lose water and shrink.
No water will move across the membrane. No effect.
19
Which region of a chloroplast is associated with the capture of light energy?
thylakoid membrane
stroma
outer membrane
thylakoid membrane and stroma
20
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
one gene encodes only one polypeptide
Info passes from DNA to RNA to protein
Info passes from DNA to protein
DNA is the genetic material
21
An atoms with a net positive charge must have
more protons than neutrons
more electrons than protons
more protons than electrons
more electrons than neutrons
22
What happens to the electrons carried by NADH and FADH2?
transferred to the ATP synthase
transported into matrix of mitochondria
moved between proteins in the inner membrane of mitochondria
pumped into the intermembrane space
23
Which of the following is not a protein?
cholesterol
insulin
hemoglobin
enzyme
24
All cells have all of the following except--
cytoplasm
plasma membrane
cell wall
genetic material
25
An organism is said to be diploid if
it is multicellular
contains genetic info from two parents
undergoes mitotic cell division
it reproduces
26
Which of the following is a mechanism for things leaving a cell?
endocytosis
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
exocytosis
27
Which is the correct order of hierarchical levels of living systems?
Cellular, molecular, population, ecosystem, biosphere
cellular, organelle, organs, ecosystems, populations
cellular, organismal, population, community, ecosystem
species, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere
28
The property that distinguishes one atom from another atom is
the combined number of protons and neutrons
the number of electrons
the number of neutrons
the number of protons
29
Which of the following structure-function pair is mismatched?
ribosome; protein synthesis
microtubules; muscle contraction
lysosome; intracellular digestion
Golgi; secretion of cell products
30
Each amino acid in a protein is specified by
a codon
a molecule of mRNA
multiple genes
a promoter
31
What is the role of NAD+ in the process of cellular respiration?
electron carrier
final electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration
nucleotide source for synthesis of ATP
enzyme
32
During a redox reaction the molecule that gains an electron has been
reduced and now has a higher E level
oxidized and now has a higher energy level
reduced and now has a lower energy level
oxidized and now has a lower E level
33
What holds complementary nucleotides together?
peptide bonds
ionic bonds
phosphodiester bonds
H bonds
34
The probability of obtaining the genotype bb from a cross between two parents with genotype Bb.
1/4
1/2
0
1/8
35
Which of the following occurs during anaphase I?
All chromosomes align independently at the middle of cell
sister chromatids are separated and move to the poles
Homo. Chromo. move to opposite poles
hmo. Chromo. align at the middle of the cell
36
Which of the following is not a component of DNA?
pyrimidine uracil
purine adenine
five-carbon sugars
phosphate groups
37
Which of the following properties of water is NOT a consequence of its ability to form H bonds?
ability to function as a solvent
high specific heat
cohesiveness
neutral pH
38
How is the process of natural selection different from that of artificial selection?
A.S is a result of human intervention
A.S results in better adaptations
N.S produces more variation
N.S makes an individual better adapted
39
Which of the following is NOT associated with the thylakoid membrane?
ATP synthase
b6-f complex
photosystem II
rubisco
40
An autotroph is an organism that
converts energy from sunlight into chemical energy
relies on the E produced by other organisms as an E source
extracts energy from organic sources
Extracts E from organic sources & converts E from sun> chem
41
Which carbohydrate would you find as a part of a molecule of RNA?
ribose
galactose
glucose
deoxyribose
42
Which of the following organelles is common to plant and animal cells?
chloroplasts
mitochondria
cellulose
centrioles
43
What is a nucleosome?
regio in cell's nucleus that contains euchromatin
region of chromosome made of multiple loops of chromatin
it is a 30-nm fiber found in chromatin
region of DNA wound around histone proteins
44
Which phase of meiosis I is most similar to the comparable phase in mitosis?
anaphase I
prophase I
metaphase I
telophase I
45
The manufacture of new proteins = _____, & the production of mRNA corresponding to a gene = ___
transcription; translation
translation; transcription
transfer; translation
termination; translation
46
Why are carbs important molecules for energy storage?
The double bonds between C and O are very strong
The electronegativity of O atoms = carb has many polar bonds
The C-H bonds found in carbs store energy
can form ring structures in aqueous environment of a cell
47
The process of inductive reasoning involves
use of specific observations to develop general principles
generation of specific predictions based on a belief system
use of gen. principles to support a hypothesis
the use of gen. principals to predict a specific result
48
Why is cytokinesis an important part of the cell division?
responsible for proper separation of cytoplasmic conents
responsible for elongation of cell
triggers movement of cell through cell cycle
Responsible for proper separation of genetic info
49
When homologous chromosomes form chiasmata, they are
reproducing their DNA
separating their sister chromatids
replicating their chromatids
exchanging genetic information
50
If one strand of of a DNA molecule has the sequence GATTACA, the complementary strand will be?
CATTACA
ACATTAG
CTAGTAT
CTAATGT
51
The description of a membrane as "fluid mosaic" means
membrane is a mosaic of phospholipids and proteins
phospholipids that make up the membrane can move
water molecules make up the membrane
membranes are made of proteins and lipids & can freely move
52
A molecule of DNA and RNA is a polymer of
fatty acids
monosaccharides
nucleotides
amino acids
53
The molecule of DNA is important to biological systems because
it forms a complex, double-helical structure
it can be replicated
nucleotides form genes
it encodes the information for making a new individual
54
What is activation energy?
The energy required to initiate a chemical reaction
The difference in free energy between reactants and products
The E released through the active breaking of chemical bonds
The thermal energy from random movements of molecules
55
The Cell Theory states
There is only one basic type of cell
cells are small
all living things are made up of cells
cells are highly organized
56
Proteins can move from the Golgi apparatus to
all of the above
lysosomes
the extracellular fluid
transport vesicles
57
What chemical bond is responsible for linking amino acids together to form a protein?
Phosphodiester
Beta 1-4, linkage
Hydrogen
Peptide
58
When a single gene influences multiple phenotypic traits the effect is called
epistasis
codominance
incomplete dominance
pleiotropy
59
Growth of the developing embryo involves rapid______ cell divisions.
mitotic
binary fission
meiotic
sexual
60
The E associated with a molecule of glucose is stored in its
carbon atoms
electrons
protons
chemical bonds
61
Which type of cell would provide the best opportunity to study lysosomes?
white blood cell
nerve cell
bacterial cell
muscle cell
62
The colors of light that are most effective for photosynthesis are
red, blue, and violet
all colors of light are equally effective
green, yellow, and orange
infrared and ultraviolet
63
What is the relationship between mutations and evolution?
There is no relationship between evo and genetic mutations
Mutations can create new alleles
Mutations make genes better
Mutations happened early in evolution, but not now
64
Which of the following processes is/are required for the complete oxidation of glucose?
all of the above
glycolysis
Krebs cycle
pyruvate oxidation
65
What makes cellulose different from starch?
all of the above
starch is insoluble, and cellulose is soluable
Cellulose forms long filaments, starch is highly branched
Starch produced by plants, cellulose produced by animals
66
An ionic bond is held together by
charge attractions between valence electrons
attractions between ions of opposite charges
attractions between ions of the same charge
shared valence electrons
67
Which of the following membrane proteins does NOT relay on diffusion to function?
an ion channel protein
a carrier protein
aquaporin
Na+/K+ pump
68
The movement of water across a membrane is depended on
the solvent concentration
the presence of carrier proteins
membrane potential
the solute concentration
69
The adaptation of fixing CO2 from the atmosphere at night is characteristic of
C4 plants
C3 plants
all of the above
CAM plants
70
The majority of ATP produced during aerobic respiration is made by
substrate-level phosphorylation
the electrons carried by NADH
autophosphorylation
the movement of H ions through an ATP synthase
71
Gametes contain ____ the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells.
one fourth
half
twice
the same
72
The Krebs cycle occurs in which region of a mitochondria?
inner membrane
outer membrane
matrix
intermembrane space
73
How do sister chromatids differ from homologous chromosomes?
Sister chromatids only represent maternal genetic side
Homo. chromo. = similar, but sister chromatids = exact
sister chromatids are only half the genetic info stored
Homo. chromo. are exact copies, sister chromatids = similar
74
The appearance of the F1 generation of PP (purple) x pp (white) were?
All F1 plants had white flowers
All F1 plants had purple flowers
Most (3/4) had purple flowers, but 1/4 had white flowers
F1 plants had light purple or blended appearance
75
Which of the following atoms would you predict could be a cation?
Potassium (K)
Helium (He)
Boron (B)
Fluorine (F)
76
If a DNA strand is GATTACA, what would the complementary mRNA strand be?
GAAAAAAG
AGUGUA
CTAATGU
CUAAUGU
77
A scientific theory is
a statement that is supported by experimental data
a belief held by many scientists
a guess about how things work in the world
both a guess and a belief
78
An atom with more electrons than protons is called
a anion
an isotope
an element
a cation
