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101D exam 2
101D exam 2
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1
The body mass index (BMI, the ratio of weight to height):
is lower at age 5 than at any other age in the life span.
peaks at age 4.
peaks at age 3.
is generally high at age 7.
2
When a person expresses powerful feelings through uncontrolled physical or verbal outbursts, the person is:
externalizing problems.
emotionally regulated.
extrinsically motivated.
internalizing problems.
3
Which theory asserts that gender roles are learned and that they are a result of nurture rather than nature?
epigenetic theory
psychoanalytic theory
cognitive theory
behaviorism
4
Past experience, current opportunity, and personal motivation all facilitate increases in:
information processing.
classification.
control processes.
knowledge base.
5
A measure of abilities in reading, mathematics, or some other subject is a(n):
achievement test.
intelligence test.
Flynn test.
aptitude test.
6
A crucial factor for school-age children to thrive is:
a quiet home, even if there are numerous relocations.
adequate education.
harmony and stability in the home.
siblings that are close in age.
7
A term for several suicides within a group over a brief span of time is:
complex suicides.
cluster suicides.
suicidal ideation.
parasuicides.
8
Which type of play appears first in Parten’s progression of social play?
solitary
associative
parallel
onlooker
9
According to research, the BEST way to teach a second language is:
the immersion approach
the systematic English as a Second Language approach in the early grades.
not yet clear.
to use only one method or strategy.
10
Which statement is TRUE concerning adolescent suicide?
Adolescents are more likely to commit suicide than adults are.
Parasuicide is more common between the ages of 18 and 24.
Rumination is common among adolescents, but suicidal ideation is not.
Suicidal ideation is common among adolescents, but not completed suicides
11
Selective attention improves markedly with:
music, visual arts and drama
exercise
playing organized sports
sewing
12
All of the following are associated with early pubertal development EXCEPT:
stroke.
sleep apnea.
breast cancer.
diabetes.
13
Similar to obesity, asthma:
can be caused by consuming a poor-quality diet.
can be genetically determined.
can affect learning.
can be generally something that a child outgrows.
14
The sociodramatic play of girls often revolves around:
fantasy themes.
domestic themes.
themes of good versus evil.
vocational themes.
15
During puberty, different parts of the brain grow at:
uniform rates.
different rates.
bimodal rates.
the same rate.
16
What is adolescent egocentrism?
the inability to decenter when using logic
the ability to engage in more systematic thinking
adolescents’ belief that others are better than themselves
thinking that leads teens to focus on themselves to the exclusion of others
17
When children develop folk psychology, they are trying to respond to questions that revolve around:
how stories relate to their own life.
why people engage in certain behaviors.
truth versus fantasy.
what others think.
18
This disorder was once assumed, but has since been disproven, to be caused by infant vaccinations.
acute stress disorder
anorexia nervosa
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Asperger syndrome
19
According to research, children who are exposed to more than one language in early childhood:
sometimes engage in code-switching while speaking.
usually end up with impaired language development.
can become fluent in one of the languages but not the other.
become confused and are unable to separate the two languages.
20
The goal of teacher-directed early-education programs is to:
foster individual pride and accomplishment.
ensure that all children have the same basic ability level.
engage children in long-term projects.
help get all children “ready to learn.”
21
What contributes to reducing childhood obesity?
being proactive
giving in to pester power
not limiting children’s screen time
not encouraging healthy eating habits at home
22
One sign of maltreatment is:
close friendships.
fantasy play dominated by violent themes.
perfect attendance at school.
expressions of joy upon seeing the caregiver.
23
Although learning disorders can appear in any skill, the DSM-5 recognizes only dyslexia, dyscalculia, and ______
dyscalculia
multifinality
dyslexia
dysgraphia
24
When it comes to religion:
teens report belonging to “unconventional” religious groups.
teens report being spiritual but not connected to any specific religion.
teens seek out religions different from their parents’ religion.
teens have a religious identity similar to that of their parents.
25
One characteristic of both aggressive-rejected and withdrawn-rejected children is that they:
regulate their emotions.
correctly interpret social situations.
tend to misinterpret social situations.
are dominant and aggressive.
26
Who of the following is most likely to drop out of high school?
Veronica, age 17
Claire, age 16
Simone, age 15
Mark, age 16
27
A musician who plays for the delight of making music has a(n):
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
personal identity
need for attention
28
In the United States, many parochial or private schools were traditionally founded by _____, but this trend has changed.
Catholic groups
for profit businesses
Baptist or Muslim groups
community organizations
29
The belief that nothing changes, which is a characteristic of preoperational thought, is called:
static reasoning.
symbolic thought.
animism.
focus on appearance.
30
Even though it is usually not true, victims of bullying are often thought of as:
happy.
gifted learners.
class clowns.
unattractive or odd.
31
An example of scaffolding is:
providing a child with educational books.
enrolling a child in a phonics course.
reading to a child while the child remains quiet and listens.
joint reading with a child- explaining, pointing, listening.
32
Which attempt to DECREASE teen drug use actually appears to INCREASE use?
parents setting limits on drug/alcohol use
policies that limit access to teens
antismoking ad campaigns designed to appeal to the young
a clean-cut young person advising viewers to think before they smoke
33
MOST foster children:
have weekly contact with a social worker.
are adopted within three years.
are from low-income, ethnic-minority families.
would be better off being raised in their original home environment.
34
Which group is crucial to a bullying circumstance?
parents
teachers
siblings
peers
35
The ability to control when and how emotions are expressed is referred to as:
empathy
behavioral regulation
emotional regulation
emotional control
36
Fifteen-year-old Greta’s parents are active in their local political party. Greta’s political beliefs will MOST likely:
reflect the beliefs of her parents.
reflect beliefs opposite to those of her parents.
be nonexistent.
reflect an unconventional belief system.
37
A young child who states that “butter is made by butterflies” and “birds grow birdseed” is trying to use:
scaffolding.
logical extension.
social mediation.
theory of mind.
38
When does teacher support generally decrease?
after first grade
after third grade
high school
middle school
39
The knowledge that things can be arranged in a logical series is:
reversibility
transitive inference
classification
seriation
40
Japanese culture:
encourages social comparison to feel superior when compared to another.
promotes the motto of peace, love, understanding, and superiority.
discourages social comparisons aimed at making oneself feel superior.
promotes cutting down “tall poppies” to discourage social comparison
41
______ is/are a common source for information about sex that is used by adolescents.
Parents
The internet
News
Music
42
Family function thrives if the family:
is unable to provide security.
encourages dependence.
has more than one child.
nurtures peer relationships.
43
Which of these foods is a common allergen?
apples
peanuts
onions
lettuce
44
Low socioeconomic status is related to which factor associated with low academic achievement in children?
classification
smaller living spaces and less secure residences
use of simplified and smaller vocabulary or impaired grammar
overall word sense
45
Childhood issues with being overweight DO NOT correlate with:
the environment.
having pets.!
genetics
socioeconomic status.
46
In childhood, obesity is defined as:
having a BMI above the 85th percentile of children the same age.
weighing more than 50 percent of what your peers weigh.
having a BMI between 25 and 29.
having a BMI above the 95th percentile of children the same age.
47
Which of these is a recent attribute of Head Start?
Parents and teachers now work closely together.
Staff members must have an early-education degree to work in centers.
The program provides standard curriculum categories.
The program has become increasingly teacher directed
48
In 2019, what percentage of United States high school students ate the recommended servings of vegetables each day?
13 percent
2 percent
5 percent
8 percent
49
Four-year-old Clinton asked, “Do the clouds get hurt when they touch the sun?” This is an example of:
animism
static reasoning
focus on appearance
scaffolding
50
The literal meaning of lateralization is:
amygdala
callosum connection
sidedness
ambidextrous
51
most high school seniors claim they have easy access to:
marijuana.
prescription drugs.
cocaine.
amphetamines.
52
In 2015, which country had one of the highest TIMSS achievement scores?
Germany
Netherlands
Singapore
United States
53
A characteristic of adolescence-limited offenders is that:
there are more girls than boys in this group.
treatment is not beneficial in preventing career criminals
they were raised in wealthy, suburban neighborhoods.
they tend to break the law with their friends.
54
11-year-olds Anthony and Samaan hope to have the same teachers. What developmental time period are they currently in?
infancy
middle childhood
adolescence
early childhood
55
In 2017, how many United States had high school obesity rates at 15 percent or more?
15
3
50
42
56
During adolescence, testosterone in boys:
Stabilizes
Increases to about one-fourth more than it had been before.
Rises dramatically
Increases some
57
Which statement is TRUE of the psychosocial development of typical 2- to 5-year-olds?
They typically have poor self-concepts
They typically have good self-concepts.
They have poor self-esteem
They have mixed developments of their self-esteem and self-concepts.
58
as many as __ percent of high school students report current e-cigarette use.
65
14
70
20
59
Flashing lights on stopped school buses are an example of _______ prevention
secondary
unitary
primary
tertiary
60
Kohlberg’s second level of moral reasoning emphasizes:
social rules.
rewards and punishments.
social contracts.
universal ethical principles.
61
The rarest family structure in the United States is:
grandparents alone.
homosexual.
polygamous.
foster.
62
Peers provide practice in both empathy and:
plasticity
aggression
receptive communication
emotional regulation
63
Which substance has been identified as a harmful carcinogen in e-cigarettes?
benzene
tetrahydrocannabinol (thc)
aerosol
tau
64
How many African nations criminalize those who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender?
53
12
38
85
65
______would be a visual and structural representation of a school’s hidden curriculum.
Federal achievement tests
High school murals of their mascots
The school’s physical setting
Advertisements for college prep courses
66
The individual who engages in hypothetical thought clearly demonstrates an understanding of the word:
why.
if.
how.
because.
67
Which child is MOST likely to engage in play with peers rather than toys?
1-year-old Wade, living with his fathers
6-month-old Ana, living with her aunt and cousins
18 month-old Sylvia, living with her siblings and parents
6-year-old Enrique, an only child living with his mother and grandmother
68
Which characteristic of adolescent thinking can magnify the effects of cyberbullying?
the invisibility fable
the imaginary audience
the personal fable
abstract thinking
69
Current research found that, by elementary school, Head Start children maintained their strength in:
counting.
reading.
social skills.
vocabulary.
70
In theory, the potential to master a specific skill or to learn a certain body of knowledge is:
aptitude
memorization
knowledge
intellect
71
_____ is the impulse that propels someone to act.
Temperament
Determination
Punishment
Motivation
72
The term for the time when language learning is MOST easily and readily accomplished is:
a sensitive period.
a salient period.
a critical period.
a zone of proximal development.
73
Teacher-directed programs emphasize:
play
self-paced exploration
artistic expression
readiness to learn
74
The same hormones that affect circadian rhythm also affect:
tissue growth.
organ growth.
appetite.
the timing of puberty
75
The relatively sudden and rapid physical growth that occurs during puberty is referred to as:
proximodistal sequence.
rapid development.
a growth spurt.
hormonal fluctuations.
76
The statement that growth slows down during middle childhood:
refers to a decrease in the rate of physical growth.
is inaccurate.
applies to a reduction in the new motor skills added each year.
applies to girls but not to boys.
77
The advanced development of the limbic system in comparison to the prefrontal cortex can be demonstrated through:
Sleep schedules
Executive function
Pubertal timing
Eveningness
78
Which statement is consistent with the notion of injury control?
Accidents are premeditated events.
Injuries result from careless parenting or accident-prone children.
Appropriate controls can minimize harm.
Fate determines the frequency and consequences of accidents.
79
The middle childhood age group is defined as:
ages 4 to 7.
ages 5 to 8.
ages 6 to 11.
ages 1 to 4.
80
Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by:
people who enjoy cold weather.
communication problems and insensitivity to others’ emotions.
subtle mood swings.
outside circumstances.
81
Research suggests that children engage in imitation of adults:
if they will get in trouble for their imitation.
to find the best way to imitate the adult.
because they are eager to learn from mentors.
if they will get rewarded for the imitation.
82
As friendships change from preschool to the school-age years, children are MOST likely to:
demand more of their friends.
change friends more often.
find it easier to make friends.
realize that friendships are not important.
83
In 2018, more than _______ dollars in federal funds were allocated to Head Start programs.
3 billion
10 million
1 million
9 billion
84
The percentage of children in the United States that attend private schools is:
30 percent
20 percent
5 percent
11 percent
85
Which factors) would help children of war recover from severe depression and anxiety over time?
Daily routines were restored.
At least one caregiver survived and was reunited with the child.
All of the above.
Their communities did not reject them.
86
Child-centered programs stress children’s development and growth through:
making children “ready to learn.”
following adult directions.
academics.
self-direction and discovery.
87
What refers to a boy’s first ejaculation of sperm.
spermarche
puberty
erection
menarche
88
Alda is 6 years old. What math skill will she likely have developed by now?
basic multiplication and division
mastering word problems
comprehension of numbers and counting
understanding how to manipulate temperature
89
Which of these is a secondary sex characteristic?
Females’ hips grow wider.
Males ejaculate.
Females begin to perform better in classes with male teachers.
Males become more aggressive toward females.
90
First romances typically occur in high school, but breakups are common due to:
All of these reasons.
disloyalty and switching.
cheating and flirting.
the fluidity and rapidity of selection.
91
A federal project measuring achievement in reading, mathematics, and other subjects is the:
State’s Report Card.
National Assessment of Educational Progress.
Scholastic Achievement Test.
Academic Skills Assessment.
92
The level of moral reasoning that focuses on moral principles is called:
preconventional.
conventional.
universal.
postconventional
93
Which condition makes early childhood ideal for language development?
increased brain weight
being worry-free
social interaction
parent-child attachment
94
Which statement is TRUE of resilience?
A child experiencing minor stressors is considered resilient.
Resilience is defined as the absence of pathology.
Resilience is a stable trait.
Resilience is dynamic.
95
Research has found that sexual orientation is _____ during adolescence
consistent
identified
fluid
stable
96
The average child knows about_____ words at age 2 and more than _______ at age 6.
800; 20,000
500; 10,000
800; 10,000
500; 20,000
97
An undeveloped prefrontal cortex is responsible for in young children.
visual acuity
intelligence
impulsiveness
coordination
98
Vygotsky emphasized that life lessons that a child learns are respective to both their culture and schooling and:
does not take into consideration the child’s motivation to learn
do not apply to adult learning
deemphasizes the role of formal traditional schooling
are not simply a matter of growing older or maturing
99
Why do babies often solo play rather than play together?
Conflict management does not develop until late adolescence.
Peer play requires social maturation.
Babies and infants are not interested in others.
Solo play is a healthier form of play for all children.
100
Failure to most a child’s basic physical, educational, or emotional needs is the definition of child:
neglect.
endangerment.
abuse.
care.