Movement Science Exam 1

terminal feedback about movement outcome

the purpose of identifying a ___ is to direct treatment

a group of abstract ideas about the control of movement

amount of rest between trials equal or greater than amount of time for a trial

anticipatory, takes advantage of previous experience to predict

frequent extrinsic feedback may improve motor ____ but can slow motor _____

as task becomes automatic feedback frequency and timing continue to decrease

the ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement

one task is practiced repeatedly for a block of trials before moving on to another task

develop an overall understanding of the task "what to do"

postural activity occurs prior to voluntary movement

level of functional independence expected and time required to achieve

set of processes associated with the steps leading to permanent changes in producing a movement

controlling the bodys position in space for the dual purpose of orientation and stability

components of the task are practiced before

ability to control the COM relative to the BOS in fairly predictable & nonchanging environments

ability to regain stability w/ displacement of the center of gravity

delayed, summary, faded, or bandwidth feedback is appropriate

better for motor performance

terminal feedback about movement outcome

relatively permanent change

in which step is hypothesis generated

in which step is hypothesis tested

feedback related to the movement pattern used to achieve the movement outcome

changes in the efficiency or strength of synaptic connections

relies on postural alignment and muscle/postural tone

involves input from sensory systems, compared to a reference signal

base of support NOT moving

introducing variability of practice may be appropriate and potentially random task order

regulatory features of environmental constraints

control is distributed across neural subsystems

predictable movement

complex behavior explained through combined action of individual reflexes chained together

maintaining the COM(center of mass) within the BOS(base of support)

ability to move oneself from one place to another

sensing, perceiving and memory contact stage

muscles and joints must be controlled in a coordinated way to perform functional movement

practicing a task w variations in task performance that may change environmentspeedordifficulty

a central motor pattern may be activated by sensory stimuli or central processes

CNS preprograms force based on anticipating task demands

learning stage may benefit from more frequent and more immediate feedback

movement output

feedback related to the movement pattern used to achieve the movement outcome

Postural Control: controlling the body's position in space for the dual purpose of __ and ___

a framework that provides a context to gather and interpret clinical information

translate the idea for movement into muscular actions

sensory systems contributing to postural control include all EXCEPT:

analyze, interpret exam results, make clinical judgements, determine need for referral

automatic performance of the movement

feedback after a set number of trials

ability to reach for, grasp, and manipulate objects

ankle strategy, hip strategy, stepping strategy, common strategy w anteroposterior displacement

refining the strategy for the task-improving coordination and efficiency "how to do"

identifies the impact of a condition on function at the level of a system and the whole person

temporary change in motor behavior observed during practice

individual systems include all of the following EXCEPT:

performed in an environment that is very predictable with very little change

no defined endpoint

sensory/perception system includes:

increased proprioceptive cues, less verbal cues

simpler task versions of the required complex task are practiced

non regulatory features include

proximal to distal activate, use w fast larger perturbation, when standing on unstable surface

gives framework that allow integration of practical idea 2 coherent philosophy for intervention

Task contraints include

as movements become refined feedback may be provided later and less frequently

distal to proximal activation, used w/ small perturbations

maintaining an appropriate relationship between body & environment during purposeful movement

less extrinsic feedback may slow motor ___ initially but may lead to improved motor ___

amount of practice time in a trial greater than the amount of rest between trials

top down control, each successively higher level exerts control over the level below it

studying the nature of movement and how movement is controlled

several tasks are performed in random order

practicing the same task the same way each time the task is practiced

purposeful and skilled interaction w the pt includes functional training therex and instruction

given during task performance

value of theory to clinical practice

promotes improved motor performance

goals, identifying interventions to use, determine duration and frequency of interventions

recognizable beginning and end

feedback given only if performance falls outside a predetermined error range

more consistent performance

maintaining an appropriate relationship between body & environment during purposeful movement

supplemental info, info not inherent in the movement itself ex: verbal, tactile, visual

movements emerges from interaction between individual,task,environment where task is carriedout

the plan for purposeful movement is developed

not directly observable , inferred and assessed via retention test, transfer of learning

motor/action system includes:

evolves in parallel w/ scientific theory, as clinicians take in theory and apply it to practice

movement is refined-able to accomplish task in a variety of environments "how to succeed"

stages of motor learning include

feedback given less frequent with ongoing practice

a framework that provides logical structure to organize clinical practices

study of motor control includes which of the following:

given at end of task performance

"change in support" strategy, used for large excursion of COM, used by those w/ fear of falling

CNS preprograms force base on anticipating task demands

available through the individuals sensory system

environmental constraint that shapes movement

motor systems in postural control include all EXCEPT:

practice of the same skill in the same way may improve initial performance

controlling the bodys position in space for both stability and orientation

brief time delay allowed before giving feedback

adapted to specific task and environment

changes in the organization and numbers of connections among neurons

base of support moving

study of and understanding of acquisition or modification of skilled action

used to describe both biomechanical alignment of the body & orientation of body to environment

vary environmental situations

unpredictable movement

unpredictable environment

trial and error process to develop a reference of correctness

task does NOT involve UE movement

blocked and constant practice may help improve initial performance in this stage

given immediately after movement

cognitive system includes:

taking history, systems review, performing tests and measures

environmental constraints that may affect movement but does not shape

promotes improved motor learning

better for motor learning

demonstrations, verbal instruction, manual guidance, lots of extrinsic feedback, mental practic

in which step is hypothesis confirmed or rejected

sitting, standing quietly, and walking at constant speeds