Which of the following features of learning is NOT evidence for a selective association?

Shorter CS-US intervals required for learning

If you were to read text while listening to music, which would you be most likely to observe?

Increased time it takes to read the text

In Solomon, Turner and Lessec's (1968) study, what choice did the dogs make after punishment?

Resumed eating the preferred food after a period

What does risk homeostasis theory, decisions are based on:

The cost and benefit of risky and safe behaviours

Which of these best describes the availability heuristic?

Things that are salient are perceived as more frequent

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding knowledge of results?

Feedback provided after every trial is optimal

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the shared space roundabout in Drachten, Netherlands?

Removing signs meant drivers were more cautious

In LoBue's (2008) phobic study of children and adults:

Both groups located the snakes more rapidly than the flowers

Bandura's Bobo doll experiment looked at the relationship between ____?

Exposure to violence and aggression

Punishment is most likely to be effective if it is:

Delivered by variety of individuals in different situations

What is instinctive drift?

The tendency of a species to revert to unconscious behaviour

In Mineka's fear conditioning to flower and snakes, which is true of the lab raised monkeys?

Fear was more readily acquired with snakes than flowers, When paired with no shock, neither the S or F were feared

Which of the following is NOT recommended in apply feedback to instruction in a motor skill?

Provide feedback instantaneously

Within matching law, what does meliorating refer to?

Constantly moving to the most frequent reinforcing schedule

Which of the following best describes the endowment effect?

People ascribe more meaning to things they own

Which of the following is true of massed practice?

Practice time > rest between repetitions

John is at a store sampling chocolate, but there are LOTS of options. Which is true of John:

He will be more likely to sample but less likely to buy

While performing a tennis serve, your coach tells you that you are throwing the ball too high -

Example of Knowledge of performance

In selectivity in Stimulus-Reinforcer (or CS-US) relations outside the taste-aversion paradigm:

Auditory stimuli tend to gain control over aversive stimuli

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PSY348 Revision

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Questions 36

Answers

1
Which of the following features of learning is NOT evidence for a selective association?
Higher asymptote of the CR
Faster acquisition of the association
Greater resistance to extinction of the CS
Shorter CS-US intervals required for learning
2
Which of these is a reason that criminals may re-offend after committing a crime?
Emboldening
Selection bias
All of the above
Resetting effect
3
If you were to read text while listening to music, which would you be most likely to observe?
Reduced time it takes to read the text
Enhanced comprehension of the text
Increased time it takes to read the text
Increased enjoyment of the text
4
18
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
3 and 4
5
In Solomon, Turner and Lessec's (1968) study, what choice did the dogs make after punishment?
Resumed eating the preferred food after a period
Ate the preferred food however became very anxious doing so
Ate neither the preferred nor the non-preferred food
Avoided the preferred food forever
6
What does risk homeostasis theory, decisions are based on:
The cost and benefit of risky behaviours
The cost of risky and safe behaviours
The cost and benefits of safe behaviours
The cost and benefit of risky and safe behaviours
7
Spanking a child for misbehaving represents an attempt at which form of punishment?
Negative punishment
Response-cost
Time out
Positive punishment
8
On a concurrent VI 30 sec VI 90 sec schedule, the pigeon responded four times more for VI 30 -
bias
overmatching
matching
undermatching
9
Ellsberg's paradox is also known as:
Aversion to ambiguity
Availability heuristic
Gambler's fallacy
Optimization
10
Risk is measured by two factors:
Age; experience
Inclination towards risk; ability to detect threat
Probability; severity
Rewards; costs
11
37.
Preparedness theory
Attention bias
Memory bias
Covariation bias
12
Which of these best describes the availability heuristic?
Things that occur more often are more readily remembered
Things that are less salient are perceived as more frequent
Things that are salient are perceived as more frequent
Things that happened most recently are readily remembered
13
19
Memory lapse
Slip
Knowledge-based mistake
Rule-based mistake
14
Animal misbehaviour is more technically termed:
Developmental misdirection
Cognitive miscalculation
Redundant capitulation
Instinctive drift
15
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding knowledge of results?
Feedback provided after every trial is optimal
Frequent feedback degrades learning of movement patterns
Feedback provided intermittently assists with learning
It is feedback of the consequences and products of an action
16
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the shared space roundabout in Drachten, Netherlands?
Pedestrians were more confident sharing the space with cars
Removing signs meant drivers were more cautious
Creating one lane for bikes and cars led to less accidents
Deregulating traffic rules resulted in more accidents
17
In LoBue's (2008) phobic study of children and adults:
Both groups located the snakes more rapidly than the flowers
No evidence that humans evolved to see fearful stimuli
Prior experience w snakes influenced the speed in children
Adults located snakes more rapidly, but children did not
18
Phobic behaviour is motivated by fear, which leads to _____ behaviour.
Escape
Avoidance
Learned helplessness
Punished
19
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment looked at the relationship between ____?
Severity of punishment and violence
Exposure to violence and aggression
Socioeconomic status and aggression
Media and aggression
20
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of driving that has been shown to relate to accidents
Hazard perception skill
Speeding
Vehicle control skill
Car following distance
21
32.
The availability heuristic
The confirmation bias
Belief perseverance
The representative heuristic
22
Punishment is most likely to be effective if it is:
Delivered by variety of individuals in different situations
Always delivered in the same situation
Always delivered by the same individual reducing variability
Always delivered by the same individual in same situation
23
What is instinctive drift?
The tendency of a species to revert to unconscious behaviour
Both A and B
Behaviours learned using evolutionarily relevant cues
It is a component of classical conditioning
24
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using punishment for behaviour modification?
All of the above
With no available alternative, need to increase intensity
If there is an escape from punishment, it is not effective
Only change behaviour for a short time after punishment
25
1.
Summary feedback
Performance bandwidth
Knowledge of performance (KP)
Knowledge of results (KR)
26
In Mineka's fear conditioning to flower and snakes, which is true of the lab raised monkeys?
When not looking at wild ones, still learned to fear snakes
Fear was more readily acquired with snakes than flowers
When paired with a shock, both F and S were equally feared
When paired with no shock, neither the S or F were feared
27
Which of the following is NOT recommended in apply feedback to instruction in a motor skill?
Provide feedback instantaneously
Give the learner time after feedback before practicing again
Avoid using concurrent augmented feedback
Allow learners to use feedback over a series of trials
28
It may be difficult to reduce a behaviour with punishment if:
The punishment is delayed
All of the above
The behaviour is highly motivated
The intensity of the punishment is gradually increased
29
Within matching law, what does meliorating refer to?
Constantly moving to the most frequent reinforcing schedule
Switching to the variable with the lowest response ratio
Searching through all alternatives to find the most optimal
Switching behaviour based on the desirability of a
30
Which of the following best describes the endowment effect?
Less choice is more beneficial for consumers
People ascribe more meaning to things they own
Inheriting biases from your family
People take more risks when they know the odds
31
Which of the following is true of massed practice?
Equally likely to lead to fatigue as distributed practice
Practice time > rest between repetitions
Practice time < rest between repetitions
Leads to better learning you if later switch to distributed
32
John is at a store sampling chocolate, but there are LOTS of options. Which is true of John:
He will be more likely to sample but less likely to buy
He will be less likely to sample and more likely to buy
Less likely to sample and less likely to buy
More likely to sample and more likely to buy
33
While performing a tennis serve, your coach tells you that you are throwing the ball too high -
Example of Knowledge of performance
Example of Knowledge of proprioceptive
Example of Knowledge of achievement
Example of Knowledge of results
34
In selectivity in Stimulus-Reinforcer (or CS-US) relations outside the taste-aversion paradigm:
Visual stimuli tend to gain control over auditory stimuli
Auditory stimuli tend to gain control over aversive stimuli
Visual stimuli don't gain control over appetitve
Auditory stimuli tend to gain control over appetitive
35
In the Harry prac, which was very effective at extinguishing self-injurious behaviour?
Forcing him to throw a ball
Using a token economy
Removing his braces
Proving him with chocolate and Coca Cola
36
Our judicial system may be ineffective at punishing criminals because the punishment:
Any or all of the above
Is delayed (occurs long after the behaviour to be punished)
Is administered inconsistently
Is not severe enough for long-term behavioural suppression

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