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APES First Semester Review 2019-20 Flashcards | StudBud
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APES First Semester Review 2019-20
APES First Semester Review 2019-20
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APES-Friedland Ch. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,18 Semester Review
Flashcards
57 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Which does NOT contribute to an increase in the biodiversity of an ecosystem?
natural selection
evolution
habitat loss
founder effect
2
A snowy hilltop and parking lot are unequally heated by the sun due to their differing:
Transpiration
Albedo
Refraction
Porosity
3
Which of the following is an example of a tragedy of the commons?
land becomes barren from overgrazing
a late freeze significantly reduces orange crops
a deer population explodes due to poor hunting season
fishing vessels inadvertently capture dolphins in drag nets
4
Biodiversity, food production, global temp. and CO2, human population, and resource loss are:
Ecological services
Instrumental values
Environmental indicators
Intrinsic values
5
Air that travels over a mountain range is __________ than it was before going over
Wetter
Drier
Less dense
Warmer
6
Withdrawal of fresh water from streams, lakes and underground sources can result in
Intrusion of ocean salt water into groundwater
groundwater depletion
alteration of water quality
reduction in global water supply
7
Which of the following offers the greatest conservation of water?
trickle or drip irrigation
LEPA sprinklers
gravity-flow canals
center-pivot sprinklers
8
If 20 plant species were in a 1m
2
area with only one of each species, this community has:
high species evenness and high species richness
low species evenness and high species richness
low species evenness and low species richness
high species evenness and low species richness
9
Which of the following is NOT an example of an
anthropogenic
factor?
Over-harvesting of ocean resources
Volcanic eruptions
Burning of fossil fuels in vehicles
Burning of fossil fuels for electricity
10
If producers contain 10,000 kcal of energy, how much energy would be found in
secondary
consumers?
100 kcal
1000 kcal
1 kcal
10 kcal
11
Organisms that tend to socialize and form packs have what kind of population distribution?
Random
Discrete
Clumped
Uniform
12
The ______________zone occurs between two converging plates, one moving under the other.
convergence
subduction
transformative
convection
13
Which of these is a correct statement regarding Net Primary Productivity and Gross Primary Productivity?
NPP is the energy that is available to primary consumers
NPP is the same as GPP
NPP is the total carbon fixed by producers in an ecosystem
GPP shows the rate at which consumers use primary producers
14
The protective Ozone layer is found in which layer of the atmosphere?
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere
15
Freshwater accounts for about what percent of the total water in the world.
75
1
3
50
16
Which of the following is a characteristic that makes species more vulnerable to extinction?
generalist consumer
high genetic diversity
high reproductive rate
requiring large territories
17
Which of the following comparisons of confined and unconfined aquifers is correct?
unconfined aquifers are overlain by impermeable rock
confined aquifers are more rapidly recharged
confined aquifers can produced artesian wells
only unconfined aquifers can be drilled for wells
18
Which of the following is a biotic component of an ecosystem?
water
decomposers
energy flow
minerals
19
Primary succession occurs when:
No soil is present in a community
New species migrate into a community
All of the plants in a community have been removed
A community has been destroyed by a natural disaster
20
In general, the Earth is a(n) _________ system for matter and a(n) _________ system for energy.
Closed, Closed
Closed, Open
Open, Closed
Open, Open
21
Which of the following is a type of biodiversity?
Number of species in a region
Number of ecosystems and habitats in a region
Genetic variation among human populations
All of these answers are correct
22
Which of the following best explains why polar regions are colder than tropical regions?
Light travels through more atm, loses E in tropic regions.
Polar regions have lower albedo values.
Tropical regions receive less direct sunlight
Polar regions receive less solar energy
23
Energy that changes forms in a reaction becomes lower quality and less usable (like heat) according to:
First Law of Thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Law of Conservation of Matter
Law of Gravity
24
The measurement of sand, silt, and clay is a soil's:
Porosity
Chemical Makeup
Density
Texture
25
The best method to control an invasive species is to:
Kill as many as possible
Prevent it from being introduced
Relocate it
Introduce a predator
26
Which of the following is an effect of inland wetlands?
They recharge groundwater aquifers
They lower biodiversity
They create high flood risks
They add toxins and pollutants to water
27
Evaporation and ___________ from plants are responsible for moving water into the atmosphere.
percolation
precipitation
infiltration
transpiration
28
Which of these must be addressed during reclamation of both surface and subsurface mines?
Refilling of mine
Native community restoration
Acidic waste drainage
Restoring contours of landscape
29
What stage of demographic development is South Korea currently in?
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 2
Stage 1
30
Which of the following is the approximate energy transfer efficiency between trophic levels?
50%
10%
90%
1%
31
Why is the ozone layer important?
It reflects solar gamma radiation
It absorbs incoming UV rays
It acts as a heat insulator for the earth
It reduces greenhouse gases
32
Which of the following is NOT an example of an abiotic component of an ecosystem?
air
mineral
fungi
water
33
Rainforests are incredibly diverse but are awful for sustainable agriculture use because:
Their soils contain too few nutrients for most crops
Light intensity is too great for most crops
Decomposers are so active that they interfere with crops
Rainfall amounts are too great for most crops
34
Eutrophic lakes have:
Very low productivity as a result of acid rain
Usually zero fish
High productivity as a result of high levels of nutrients
Low nutrient levels
35
Two major processes involved in the carbon cycle are
photosynthesis and respiration
weathering and erosion
fixation and denitirification
evaporation and transpiration
36
What is the greatest factor that influences weather and climate?
tilt of the Earth's axis
Earth's position in relation to the sun
planetary producer biomass
types of pollution
37
If a population has a growth rate of 3%, the amount of time it will take to double in size is:
30 years
53 years
23 years
15 years
38
How could we reduce the species evenness of the community in the previous question?
add more individuals to each species
add more individuals to a single species
remove some species
add more species
39
Which of the following is an abiotic factor that limits growth of a population?
All of these
Competition
Mate availability
Water availability
40
A scientific hypothesis
includes the design of an experiment
always consists of one independent variable
is testable and explains a phenomenon or answers a question
is a prediction about something you have not observed
41
Deflection of an object's path due to Earth's rotation is called
Conduction Current
Coriolis Effect
Convection Current
Hadley Cells
42
Which biome is characterized by the presence of permafrost?
Tundra
Boreal Forest
Temperate Seasonal Forest
Woodland/Shrubland
43
Freezing and thawing is an example of
Physical weathering
Chemical weathering
Biotic weathering
Climate change
44
El Nino brings what type of weather conditions to South America?
Warmer, drier
Warmer, windier
Warmer, wetter
Cooler, drier
45
Which of the following is an example of a density-dependent effect?
Rain
Disease
Climate
Hurricane
46
In which layer of Earth’s atmosphere does most weather occur?
Troposphere
Thermosphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
47
Fish ladders are constructed to assist
Construction workers building dams
Fish traveling back to their traditional breeding ground
Displaced humans to return to their homes
Migrating bears in obtaining fish
48
A problem with the distillation method of desalination is that:
It is energy intensive
Areas where it is needed, there is not enough salt water
None of the above
Technology is not readily available
49
Which of the following is an acronym for the major causes of extinction?
CCD
NASDAQ
CITES
HIPPCO
50
Why are sea otters considered a keystone species?
They can use tools
They control population sizes of fast-growing species
They have large populations
They are just so stinkin' CUTE
51
A water table is:
Where streams and lakes intersect
Uppermost level at which water fully saturates rock or soil
Synonymous with groundwater
Where water under pressure rises
52
Phosphorus differs from other nutrients because it:
Is not used in organic molecules
Can be absorbed from soils
Is the most limiting nutrient for plant growth
Does not have a gaseous phase in its cycle
53
To an environmental scientist,
topsoil
is:
Bedrock
O Horizon
A Horizon
B Horizon
54
The Earth’s plates are in constant motion because
Subduction zones found near Japan and Argentina
Of convection currents found in the mantle
The lithosphere being so dense
The core is made up of iron
55
At which trophic level are fish that eat algae?
decomposer
producers
primary consumers
secondary consumers
56
Which is the best explanation for the high amounts of rain that occur at the equator?
warm air rises at the equator and condenses at high altitude
air rises, it becomes warmer, leading to more rain
a high amount of wind, which leads to storms and rain
large amount of water, leading to more rain
57
Why are soil bacteria valuable for growing crops?
They outcompete fungi that might use up soil resources
They increase nitrogen availability in soils
They reduce nitrogen, reducing eutrophication
They store nitrogen in biomass