What three main structures are contained within the chorionic cavity?

Blastocyst, amniotic cavity, yolk sac

What is the best explanation of Eisenmenger’s syndrome?

Pressure in the right heart begins to increase forcing a R-to-L shunt

From the options below, choose the answer that does NOT apply to the Sano shunt:

May have preferential right PA flow

The endocardial cushion is responsible for the following:

Separating the atria and ventricles

In class we discussed two major protective effects of hypothermia. What are these two major effects?

Reduced metabolic rate; Decreased oxygen consumption

Identify the value for Sodium and determine whether the value falls within a normal blood chemistry range?

a. 130 mEq/L; Does not fall within normal value range

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Peds Final Review

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Questions 93

Answers

1
The embryonic structure that develops into the aorta is:
Conus cordis
Truncus arteriosus
Foramen primam
Septum secundum
2
What three main structures are contained within the chorionic cavity?
Blastocyst, yolk sac, decidual cavity
Amniotic cavity, chorionic sac, fetus
Yolk sac, fetus, endometrium
Blastocyst, amniotic cavity, yolk sac
3
Initial blood gas of a 15kg pt. shows base deficit of -3. Calculate the dose of bicarb needed to treat this patient?
25 mEq
18 mEq
14 mEq
9 mEq
4
Your patient for the day is 45 kg. Calculate the TBV for this patient and select the best answer below.
a. 2925 cc’s
a. 3,150 cc’s
a. 2725 cc’s
a. 2550 cc’s
5
Which of the following values below is considered abnormal regarding normal potassium levels?
a. 5.2 mEq/L
a. 3.5 mEq/L
a. 5.0 mEq/L
a. 4.0 mEq/L
6
Which of the following values below is considered normal regarding the hematocrit in a female patient?
a. 49%
a. 48%
a. 36%
a. 37%
7
Which of the following is NOT a structure related to the diverticula?
Papillary Muscles
Truncus Arteriosus
Chordae
Heart Valves
8
What is the name of the barrier that prevents sperm from getting inside the egg?
Hyaline Layer
Ventral Layer
Zona Pellucida Layer
Hyaluronic Layer
9
Fetal membranes are also known as:
Extraembryonic Membranes
Supraembryonic membranes
Interembryonic membranes
Intraembrynic Membranes
10
From your knowledge of chamber pressures, which chamber in the heart has a pressure of 20/4 mmHg?
a. Pulmonary Artery
a. Left Ventricle
a. Left Atrium
a. Right Ventricle
11
What anatomical structure does the intraembryonic celom become?
Pericardial cavity
Mesoderm
Heart tube
Foramen secundam
12
TOF involves four heart defects. Which of the following defects would be considered acquired?
Overriding Aorta
PS
VSD
RVH
13
Your patient is 40 inches tall and 40 lbs. Calculate their overall BSA and select the best answer below.
a. 0.67m2
a. 0.44m2
a. 0.52m2
a. 0.72m2
14
One of the main ways that DORV is diagnosed is by the location of what defect?
ASD
VSD
PS
AS
15
Your prime contains 100 ml of blood. Your patient is 3 kg. Calculate the dosage of CaCl to be put into your prime.
50 mg
100 mg
33 mg
300 mg
16
Which option below would best describe a normal systolic AND diastolic blood pressure in an Infant (1-12mo)?
a. 100/70
a. 110/75
90/60
a. 60/45
17
What is the recommended pCO2 level maintained during pH stat acid-base management strategy?
50 mmHg
20 mmHg
40 mmHg
30 mmHg
18
In a 14mm Embryo, the left sinus horn separates from the right. What structure is formed from this separation?
Maxillary vein
Subcardinohepatic anastomosis
Ductus venosus
Coronary sinus
19
Your patient for the day is an infant. What is the best tubing pack for bypass on this patient?
3/8” x 3/8”
3/16” x 1/4”
1/4” x 1/4”
1/4” x 3/8”
20
What is the best explanation of Eisenmenger’s syndrome?
Pressure in the right heart begins to increase forcing a R-to-L shunt
Pressure in the Rt heart decreases until systemic over-circulation develops
Pressure in the L heart continually increases until pulmonary HTN develops
Pressure in the right heart begins to increase forcing a L-to-R shunt
21
Using the 7°C principle, what is the total decrease in oxy. consumption if cooled to 22°C?
94% decrease
50% decrease
75% decrease
87.5% decrease
22
From the options below, choose the answer that does NOT apply to the Sano shunt:
Larger shunt
Higher pressure shunt
May have preferential right PA flow
More centrally located on PA
23
In what year did PGE1 get introduced by Dr. Elliott?
1976
1971
1968
1975
24
TOF patients have four main heart abnormalities. Of the four defects, which defect is considered the critical feature?
PS
Aorta Overrides Septal Defect
VSD
RVH
25
Which of the following values is considered abnormal in regards to pediatric platelet counts?
300 x 103/μL
150 x 103/μL
140 x 103/μL
350 x 103/μL
26
What important structures are formed from blood islands?
Foramen secundum
Intraventricular sulcus
Intraembryonic celoms
Endocardial tubes
27
Once the zygote has reached the two-cell stage it undergoes a series of ____ divisions, increasing the number of cells.
Meiosis I
Mitotic
Meiosis II
Meiotic
28
What percentage of DHCA patients face neurological problems post-bypass?
35%
5%
15%
25%
29
Once the blastocoel forms, the _________ is no more and later becomes the _________.
Morula; Trophoblast
Embryoblast; Morula
Morula; Blastocyst
Blastocyst; Zona Pellucida
30
What is the intrinsic ability of an organ to maintain a constant blood flow despite changes in perfusion pressure?
Autoregulation
Coupling
Passive Regulation
Modulation
31
During fetal circulation, the only vessel to carry fully oxygenated blood is:
Fetal aorta
Fetal pulmonary artery
Umbilical artery
Umbilical vein
32
If the patient’s SVR is significantly increased (HLHS pt), what do you suspect to see from the following parameters:
Increased pH; Increased FiO2
Decreased pH; Decreased FiO2
Decreased FiO2; Increased pH
Increased CO2; Decreased pH
33
Regarding the neural tube of the endoderm layer, which of the following structures is NOT later formed by this layer?
Tonsils
Circulatory System
Mammary glands
GI tract
34
The cardiovascular system appears during which of the following weeks of gestation?
4th
2nd
1st
3rd
35
What is the recommended SVC pressure for RCP?
10-20 mmHg
5-10 mmHg
25-30 mmHg
10-15 mmHg
36
According to Osmosis, this type of ASD is found in 25% of all down syndrome patients?
Ostium Primum
Fossa Ovalis
Ostium Secundum
Septum Secundum
37
What is the safe duration of time that you can circ arrest a patient if you cool them down to 18 degrees celsius?
Less than 10 min
45-60 min
20-45 min
10-20 min
38
Your patient is 12kg. You are asked to give antegrade cpg. What is the total dose you should give?
520 ml
80 ml
120 ml
360 ml
39
From your knowledge of fetal circulation, what does the ductus venosus form into after birth?
Ligamentum venosum
Medial ligament
Ligamentum arteriosum
Ligamentum teres
40
From your knowledge of MUF, correctly calculate the maximum flow through the hemoconcentrator for a 40 lb. patient.
454 ml/min
272 ml/min
363 ml/min
545 ml/min
41
What is the meaning of the following prefix: ent-?
inside
outside
upon
over
42
Your patient is 56 cm tall and 4.55 kg. Calculate their overall BSA and select the best answer below.
a. 0.25m2
a. 0.27m2
a. 0.20m2
a. 0.23m2
43
Your patient for the day is a 19kg pt. that is 5 yrs old. Pick the normal blood pressure you will see in this patient:
90/55
118/75
105/70
110/70
44
What will happen to the overall flow of your perfusion circuit if you double the viscosity within your tubing?
Blood flow will be cut in half
Blood flow will be in constant proportionality
Blood flow will stay the same
Blood flow will be doubled
45
From your knowledge of the cardiac action potential, what step is halted by the administration of HTK Cardioplegia?
3
0
2
1
46
What anatomical structures develop in the atrioventricular sulcus?
Aortic arches
Primitive pulmonic valve
Endocardial cushions
Primitive aortic valve
47
From your knowledge of Kg weight-based flows, which bypass flow should be used for a 31 kg patient?
a. 75 cc/kg/min
a. 100 cc/kg/min
a. 125 cc/kg/min
a. 65 cc/kg/min
48
The endocardial cushion is responsible for the following:
Separating the PA from the Aorta
Separating the atria and ventricles
Separating the R & L atria
Separating the R & L ventricles
49
In class we discussed two major protective effects of hypothermia. What are these two major effects?
Increased metabolic rate; Decreased oxygen consumption
Reduced metabolic rate; Decreased oxygen consumption
Increased metabolic rate; Increased oxygen consumption
Reduced metabolic rate; Increased oxygen consumption
50
VSD’s are the most common congenital heart defect. What percentage of these VSD’s close during childhood?
20-30%
15-20%
30-50%
40-60%
51
Identify the value for Sodium and determine whether the value falls within a normal blood chemistry range?
a. 130 mEq/L; Does not fall within normal value range
a. 90 mEq/L; Does not fall within the normal value range
a. 130 mEq/L; Falls within normal value range
a. 90 mEq/L; Falls within normal value range
52
Which option below would best describe the normal respiratory rate for a Toddler (1-2y)?
35
28
15
19
53
Which of the following pairs of veins DOES NOT enter the sinus venosus?
Common Cardinal
Intraembryonic
Umbillical
Vitelline
54
In the US there were 3,747,540 births. About 1% had cyanotic CHD’s. How many of these babies were born with TOF?
3,748
37,478
Not enough information
374,785
55
The first step of atrial septation is the development of the:
Foramen secundam
Septum primum
Septum secundum
Foramen primum
56
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of DORV patients?
Dyspnea
Bluish skin
Oliguria
Clubbing
57
Pick the hyperglycemic patient below and why they are able to handle hyperglycemia.
60 mg/dL; Anaerobic glycolysis
60 mg/dL; Aerobic glycolysis
130 mg/dL; Aerobic glycolysis
130 mg/dL; Anaerobic glycolysis
58
From the following list of choices, choose the option that does NOT apply to pediatric patients?
Neonates utilize glucose aerobic oxidation
Neonates have higher metabolic demands
Pediatric myocardium is more prone to stretch injury
Many pediatric organ systems are immature
59
What is the meaning of the following suffix: -ostomy?
abnormal condition
surgical incision
surgical opening
to view
60
From your knowledge of the cardiac action potential, what step is halted by the administration of Del Nido Cardioplegia?
1
3
2
0
61
Pick the answer that best supports the use of MUF
Circuit cost
Decreased exposure to foreign surface
Pt can be concentrated before coming off CPB
Increased cerebral blood flow
62
From your knowledge of arterial blood gas (on bypass) normal values, what is the normal range for pCO2?
a. 35 to 45 mmHg
a. 41 to 51 mmHg
a. 19 to 24 mM/L
a. 45 to 55 mmHg
63
In what year did the Balloon Atrial Septostomy get introduced by Dr. Rashkind?
1968
1966
1957
1962
64
What would happen if the outflow tract spiral septum is not midline, but is shifted towards the right side of the heart?
Large aorta opening; Small pulm opening;
Small aorta opening; Large pulmonary opening;
Large aorta opening; Large pulmonary opening;
Small aorta opening; small pulmonary opening;
65
From your knowledge of oxygenation normal values, what is the normal range for Arterial O2 Content?
a. 22 to 26 ml/dL
a. 17 to 20 ml/dL
a. 12 to 15 ml/dL
a. 4 to 6 ml/dL
66
Cardiac separation occurs around:
Week 6
Week 4
Week 8
Week 2
67
From your knowledge of mixed venous blood gas normal values, what is the normal range for pO2?
a. 41 to 51 mmHg
a. 95 to 100%
a. 80 to 100 mmHg
a. 35 to 45 mmHg
68
Correctly identify the three structures that make up the umbilical cord:
Allantois, Body stalk, Yolk sac
Body stalk, Allantois, Vitelline Duct
Vitelline Duct, Amnion, Yolk Sac
Body stalk, Amnion, Vitelline duct
69
From your knowledge of mixed venous blood gas normal values, what is the normal range for Base Excess?
a. -2.0 to +2.5
a. -2.5 to +2.0
a. -2.0 to +2.0
a. -2.5 to +2.5
70
From your knowledge of Kg weight-based flows, which bypass flow should be used for a 5 kg patient?
a. 1.0 L/min
a. 0.63 L/min
a. 0.75 L/min
a. 0.38 L/min
71
What is the meaning of the following suffix: -algia?
removal
pain
self
absence of normal body
72
Single ventricle defects are rare. What percentage of all defects do they make up?
0.005%
0.0005%
0.05%
0.00005%
73
From your knowledge of fetal circulation, what does the umbilical vein form into after birth?
Ligamentum teres
Ligamentum venosum
Medial ligament
Ligamentum arteriosum
74
HLHS is diagnosed after birth using which of the following methods?
Palliative Scan
Ultrasound
Echocardiography
CT Scan
75
What does COP stand for?
Cerebral Oncotic Pressure
Colloidal Oncotic Pressure
Colloidal Osmotic Pressure
Cerebral Osmotic Pressure
76
What are the two ways the ostium secundum ASD is formed?
Failed growth of septum secundum; rapid reabsorption of the septum primum
Failed growth of the septum primum; reabsorption of the septum secundum
Failed growth of the sinus venosus; rapid reabsorption of the ostium primum
Failed growth of the ostium primum; rapid reabsorption of the sinus venosus
77
The early embryonic cardiovascular system contains how many pairs of aortic arches?
6
3
5
1
78
A large VSD with a persistent left-to-right shunt can cause which of the following heart problems:
Pulmonary HTN
All of the above
RV hypertrophy
Pulmonary overcirculation
79
23 lb. pt. on pump for 2 hours. 40 ml's of urine. Calculate urine output per hour and if it is adequate.
20 ml/hour; Adequate
20 ml/hour; Inadequate
10.5 ml/hour; Inadequate
10.5 ml/hour; Adequate
80
Your patient is 14kg. Calculate the dosage of mannitol to be added to your prime.
10 g
5 g
2 g
8 g
81
From your knowledge of Kg weight-based flows, which bypass flow should be used for a 30 lb. patient?
a. 100 cc/kg/min
a. 150 cc/kg/min
a. 75 cc/kg/min
a. 125 cc/kg/min
82
What is the volume per foot of 3/8" tubing?
a. 20 ml
a. 10 ml
a. 7 ml
a. 40 ml
83
How many red blood cells are there in a drop of blood?
3 million
5 million
800,000
600,000
84
Regarding the neural tube of the ectoderm layer, which of the following structures is NOT later formed by this layer?
Mammary glands
Ears
Sweat glands
Kidneys
85
Correctly identify the location of a conoventricular VSD and the percentage of patients that have such defects:
Upper part of septum; 20%
Lower part of septum; 20%
Lower part of septum; 80%
Upper part of septum; 80%
86
The heart tube is formed by the fusion of the following:
Endocardial tubes
Bulbis cordis
Vitelline veins
Forament primam
87
What is the name of the process that establishes all three germ layers?
Gastrulation
Acrosomal
Neuralation
Capacitation
88
Your patient for the day is 25 lb. Calculate the TBV for this patient and select the best answer below.
a. 850 ml’s
a. 1000 ml’s
a. 900 ml’s
a. 800 ml’s
89
What temperature would you cool your patient down to if using moderate hypothermia?
32 degrees Celsius
26 degrees Celsius
17 degrees Celsius
29 degrees Celsius
90
Which structure persists to become the main supply for blood and nutrients to the fetus?
R. Umbilical
L. Vitelline
L. Umbilical
Cardinal Vein
91
You are to give Custodiol CPB to your 8 kg pt. Calculate the total arresting dose.
232 ml
240 ml
260 ml
424 ml
92
From your knowledge of placental development, identify the correct fetal and maternal contributions to the placenta:
Maternal: chorionic plate; Fetal: decidual basalis
Maternal: basal plate; Fetal: chorionic plate
Maternal: basal plate; Fetal: decidual basalis
Maternal: decidual basalis; Fetal: decidual plate
93
What is the abbreviation for: referring to blood?
hgb
hemo
heme
hct

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