stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
HIST 1301 F23 Final review Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
HIST 1301 F23 Final review
HIST 1301 F23 Final review
90 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
132 plays
history of science and technology
Flashcards
90 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
90
Answers
1
Using Arkwright's machine you could process 100lbs of cotton in:
10 hours
50,000 hours
1 hour
300 hours
2
What is Mercantilism?
An economy based on manufacturing
An economic practice where a country's economy increases its power
When merchants govern a country
A parliamentary monarchy
3
What did Stephen Grey's experiment with the orphan boy demonstrate?
Materials act as insulators and conductors of electricity.
That ethics boards were not yet established.
That anyone could make scientific discoveries.
That static was electricity.
4
Why did many of the early natural philosophers assume that the earth was a sphere?
Centrifugal force
The sphere was a divine shape
Priests told them it was
They observed other planets and knew earth was the same
5
Which Presocratic asserted that everything was made of atoms with voids in between?
Thales
Aristotle
Democritus
Empedocles
6
In Greek architecture the stone that bridges the top of the columns is called a(n):
Arch
Lintel
Ceiling
beam
7
When did the Industrial Revolution begin?
19th century
18th century
17th century
16th century
8
The Aristotelian Universe was:
heliocentric
geocentric
heliostatic
9
Who were the Nestorians?
Christian monks who specialized in scribing and translation
Islamic scholars who worked at the House of Wisdom
Rich land owners who founded an Academy
Heretics who studied Plato and Aristotle
10
When we talk about the Presocratics, we are referring to a period that stretched from
400-600 CE
3000 BCE - 400 CE
600-400 BCE
400 BCE - 146 CE
11
Which of the following was NOT an important prerequisite for scientific thinking?
Literacy
Contact with other cultures
Prosperity
Democracy
12
According to Aristotle which classification of animal belonged highest on the hierarchy?
testacea
oviparous quadrupeds
crustacea
viviparous quadrupeds
13
Cultural movement that responded against the percieved Enlightenment mechanization of world:
Romanticism
Renaissance
Newtonism
Nostalgia
14
d'Alembert:
The goal of science should be to reduce things to ______ & thereby understand them.
basic features
mechanical properties
innate structures
fundamental natures
15
What was the study of nature called before people started to use the term "science"?
Cosmology
Scientia
Nature study
Natural Philosophy
16
Did Plato believe that you could trust your senses?
Only some of them
No
Yes
17
Who developed the theory of the archetype (in biology/science)?
Paley
Darwin
Owen
Goethe
18
Bacon believed that lack of progress was due to ....
lack of knowledge
lack of application
lack of imagination
lack of skill
19
Ancient _______ was the world's first widely literate society and is credited with being the birthplace of Science.
Egypt
Greece
Mesopotamia
Rome
20
Who noticed the similarities between tongue stones and shark's teeth?
Nicholas Steno
William Smith
Robert Boyle
Charles Lyell
21
The Coal and Colonies theory is an explanation of why the Industrial Revolution began in _____.
America
Australia
England
France
22
Aristotle believed the Sphere of the Cosmos to be divided into the ________ realms
Starry and Earthy
Wet and Dry
Celestial and Terrestrial
Earth and Air
23
By _____C.E. all
extant
Greek work on medicine, science, and math were translated into Arabic.
500
1000
723
125
24
_____ didn't believe that the earth's cycles could result in permanent extinction
Paley
Lyell
Owen
Lamark
25
What building was assembled from pre-made steel rods and glass for the Great Exhibition of 1851?
The Dinosaur Palace
The Exhibition Palace
The Crystal Palace
Prince Albert's Greenhouse
26
Which of these is
not
a common characteristic of a profession?
Specialized skills and training
Recognized authority
Government control
Self-governing
27
The wooden cranes and pulleys used by the Romans to build the Colosseum eliminated slave labour
false
true
28
According to Aristotle's system of biology what type of soul did humans, plants and animals all share in common?
Sensitive
Creative
Rational
Nutritive
29
__________ proposed that the world was separated into fire, air, earth, water, love & strif
Thales
Empedocles
Anaximander
Leucippus
30
What was the most pressing question for philosophers of the 6th century BCE?
What am I?
How does the earth move?
Are there gods?
Is change possible?
31
The Islamic Empire imported paper making technology from this Empire
Greek
Chinese
Ottoman
Roman
32
This explorer and natural philosopher believed that you had to "be there".
Owen
Goethe
Darwin
von Humboldt
33
Hutton argued that the story of the earth was cyclical and had a purpose, it was:
to make the earth habitable
to demonstrate God's power
to confuse geologists
a mystery
34
Who noticed that plants an animals vary based on climate and altitude?
von Humboldt
Lyell
Smith
Newton
35
Who concluded that the tusks and teeth found in Siberia were not from elephants but a related animal?
Steno
Buffon
Cuvier
Lyell
36
The Almagest,an ancient work that influenced Renaissance astronomer Copernicus, was written by:
Aristotle
Ptolemy
Pythagoras
Galen
37
Fully Alphabetic Languages were developed by _____ and widely in use by ______
1500 BCE & 800 BCE
800 BCE & 500 BCE
3000 BCE & 2000BCE
100 BCE & 200 CE
38
Greek influence is evident in the ________ structure of the Roman Pantheon.
Spherical
Marble
Dodecahedron
Arched
39
One of the ways that the English (and later British) Parliament encouraged innovation was through the _____ of 1624.
Profit by Patent Act
Abolishment of Monopolies Act
British Patent Act
English Statute of Monopolies
40
Between 1813 and 1833 the number of power looms in Britain climbed from 2,400 to
100,000
25,000
1,000,000
5,000
41
Early manufactories (factories) had to be located near what?
towns
train tracks
mines
water
42
When did the Italian Renaissance begin?
16th century
15th century
14th century
17th century
43
Aristotle proposed five elements: earth, air, water, fire, and __________
Quintessence
Divine
Aether
Firmament
44
Which of these is not an example of neolithic pyro-technology?
brick
pottery
plaster
metalurgy
45
Writers and thinkers who advanced Enlightenment ideals were called
Natural Philosophers
Philosophes
Newtonians
Encyclopedists
46
Why did European Alchemists refer to Aristotle's
Meteorology
?
They believed Aristotle was the greatest alchemist
It promised gold and glory
It had recipes to transmute metals into greater metals
Aristotle proposed how metal formed naturally and they wanted to copy
47
Who developed the theory of the archetype (in biology/science)?
Darwin
Goethe
Owen
Paley
48
Plato's Cosmos was the product of...
The will of the gods
Random combinations of atoms
The Big Bang
Reason and planning
49
What does Renaissance mean?
Renewal
Death
Rebirth
LIfe
50
Aristotle believed the Sphere of the Cosmos to be divided into the ________ realms
Earth and Air
Starry and Earthy
Celestial and Terrestrial
Wet and Dry
51
What was the most pressing question for philosophers of the 6th century BCE?
How does the earth move?
Are there gods?
What am I?
Is change possible?
52
A Cosmogony seeks to
Understand how the universe works
Explain the basic laws of physics
Explain the origins of the universe
Pass on history
53
Who developed the science of stratigraphy?
William Paley
William Smith
Nicholas Steno
Charles Lyell
54
This frontispiece to Spratt's History of the Royal Society depicts Brouckner, Charles II and:
Robert Hooke
Isaac Newton
Francis Bacon
Robert Boyle
55
This famous silver smith is credited with inventing movable type in the Western world
Johanes Gutenberg
Isaac Newton
Martin Luther
Rene Descartes
56
When society provides for individuals who then contribute with special skills, it is called:
Diversification
Specialization
Apprenticeship training
Education
57
Among the Platonic Solids the Tetrahedron represented ________
Water
Love
Fire
Air
58
What were the Presocratic 'Schools of Thought'?
Groups of scholars who published their work together in collected works.
Physical Buildings that scholars studied in.
Groups of students and teachers who thought about the same problems.
59
Who wrote
Elements of Chemistry
and together with his wife identified 33 of the elements?
Franklin
Priestly
Lavoisier
Black
60
When did the Neolithic Revolution occur?
800 CE
600 BCE
5,000 - 6,000 years ago
12 000-10,000 years ago
61
What water technology did the early Islamic Empire adopt and improve to improve agriculture?
Aqueducts
Canals
Qanats
Noria
62
William Perkin, the father of Industrial Chemistry, discovered mauve while trying to make:
alanine
quinine
none of these
cinchona
63
What is 'enclosure'?
The government voted to make all land public
Common agricultural and grazing lands became private
Prison was reformed
Animals were enclosed by fences
64
Which of the following cannot be transmuted into the others?
Air
Water
Earth
Fire
65
The Agricultural Revolution in Medieval Europe resulted in:
The end of small farms and farming
A move to mechanical rather than animal/human power
Widespread unemployment and starvation
A heavy reliance on manual labour
66
Why did people switch from wool to cotton during the Industrial Revolution?
It required less care
It was cheaper
It became fashionable
All of these
67
What is one of the reasons that an industrial revolution did not occur in Ancient Rome?
They didn't understand practical skills like metalurgy
They believed that machines were dangerous and irreligious
Slave labour made labour-saving innovation unnecessary.
They lacked the knowledge of mathematics that the Greeks had
68
Hippocratic Medicine adopted the system of contraries developed by
Heraclitus
Aristotle
Plato
Empedocles
69
What does viviparous mean?
Born live
Born from eggs
living
non-living
70
This French thinker tried to replace Aristotelianism with his own system.
Francois Poulain
Voltaire
Rene Descartes
Andreas Vesalius
71
The legacy of Thales of Miletus and his followers (Milesians) is the belief that:
Neither of these answers
Our world is governed by universal laws
Both of these answers
We can understand the laws & therefore understand our world
72
Theory that the causes of geological phenomenon are uniform throughout time
Cyclism
Uniformalism
Directionalism
Catastrophism
73
Who founded the Academy in Athens in 388?
Socrates
Empedocles
Plato
Aristotle
74
German alchemist Henning Brand used human urine to discover phosphorus. Why did he start with urine?
He was trying to isolate ammonia.
It came from a living human body.
It was a warm.
They knew the power of urea.
75
Goethe believed that there each plant had an
Urplflanze,
what was it?
The seed
It's ability to produce other plants
Its fundamental form
The leaves
76
19. Aristotle believed that you could trust your senses?
Yes, totally!
No, never!
Meh, sometimes
77
Who explained how electricity works (with + and - charges) by comparing it to an economy?
Volta
Galvani
Franklin
Newton
78
The legacy of Thales of Miletus and his followers (Milesians) is the belief that:
Our world is governed by universal laws
We can understand the laws & therefore understand our world
Both of these answers
Neither of these answers
79
What 'revolution' did literacy accompany?
Neolithic
Industrial
Agricultural
Scientific
80
[⋆⋆] Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher.
True
False
81
Galileo's drawings of the moon were revolutionary because:
There was a face on the moon
It demonstrated the perfection of the cosmos
The moon was not a perfect sphere
he moon was bigger than previously thought
82
What was the purpose to the elevation of Roman roads?
To keep them free from animals
Architects believed height brought them closer to the gods
So people could not get on them without paying a toll
So that soldiers could see far and avoid ambush
83
According to Aristotle's theory of Levity fire will always ____
Move away from the centre of the universe
Move toward the sun
Move toward the centre of the universe
84
According to Aristotle's theory of Levity a book sitting on a desk is subject to forced motion.
False
True
85
Steam power became available to British factories after what year?
1833
1813
1665
1785
86
Which if these would NOT be considered one of Aristotle's "bloodless" animals?
dragonfly
sea anemone
crab
shark
87
What material did the Romans invent by adding aggregates to cement?
Arches
Plaster
Concrete
Cement
88
Which Western civilization had the most advanced sanitation before the 19th century?
Rome
England
Greece
Byzantine
89
If you attended a medieval university you would study
The seven liberal arts
Business
Whatever you were most interested in
Only what the church approved
90
Why were the first steam engines developed (in England and Wales)?
To harvest crops
To power trains
To access coal from mines
To power factories
