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Comp Exam Quiz
Comp Exam Quiz
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1
Theoretically, the more control the researchers have over the experimental condition, ______.
the lower the internal reliability
the higher the internal reliability
the lower the internal validity
the higher the internal validity
2
In the ABCDE strategy for ethical decision making, what happens in the "B" step?
benefits client the relationship and important people in the client's life
The benefits and risks are discussed directly with the client
The helper identifies specific breaches of confidentiality in the case
benefits of consulting with another clinician on the case
3
A common sampling approach used by researchers because many of the methods are more difficult to implement is known as
equal size sampling
convenience sampling
simple random sampling
cluster sampling
4
Clinician is frustrated because her client is resisting her insight interventions. What would NOT be a wise strategy.
Disclose her feelings to her client in a caring way.
Begin to generate action plans for her client.
Try to explore her client's issues again.
Check for her client's reactions to the interventions.
5
Which test is among the most commonly used intelligence instruments?
Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (TONI)
Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
6
Ainsworth describes insecure-avoidant children as
avoiding strangers at all costs, but clinging to the mother
reacting defensively to the threat of maternal unresponsiveness
avoiding new situations whenever possible
consistently independent in both the home and the Strange Situation
7
Bandura says a positive sense of self-efficacy
promotes independence from peers
gives one energy to persist with tasks
all of the above
promotes patient and tolerance of others
8
The researchers' acknowledgement of possible limitations demonstrates ______.
weakness
understand the cautions that should be taken when interpreting results
integrity
honesty
9
__________ is about how we invite potential participants , __________ is about how we assign participants to groups
internal validity; external validity
random selection; random assignment
external validity; internal validity
random assignment; random selection
10
How does vicarious learning occur in groups?
Through observing others or modeling
letting somebody tell there story
does not occur in groups
it only works in deep therapy
11
A clinician lies to client about calling their parent, what ethical principle are they violating
Fidelity
Nonmaleficence
Beneficence
Autonomy
12
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
ACA, APA, NASW state that sexual orientation discrimination is unethical
Therapists have an ethical obligation to confront their personal prejudices
APA has not developed guidelines for psychotherapy with LGB clients.
homosexuality and bisexuality are not indicative of mental illness.
13
Which of the following is important to consider when working with a veteran?
focusing on combat exposure and military experience
exploring pre-military history
avoiding the topic of war injuries with physical disabled veteran
assessing for PTSD in first session
14
Which of the following people living in the United States is most likely to develop GAD?
Monica, a 50-year-old woman
Tanya, a 15-year-old girl
Billy, an 8-year-old boy
Sam, a 50-year-old male
15
Theorist who would support the idea that career development is a process that unfolds gradually across the life span?
Holland
Super
Krumboltz
Parson
16
The basic aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to:
Correct irrational thinking
Change overt behavior
Treat specific learning disorders
Make the unconscious motives conscious
17
What is the first level of ethical functioning where minimal ethical standards are met?
personal ethic
basic ethics
aspirational ethics
mandatory ethics
18
When children pick up the rules underlying modeled behavior, Bandura calls the process
rule-induced modeling
abstract modeling
observational learning
cognitive modeling
19
Jeremy cannot remember a phone number without jotting it down. He demonstrates deficit in
Sustained attention
Impulsivity
Attentional capacity
Selective attention
20
A "dual relationship" occurs when
There is similarity between how the client and helper perception
There is a competitive nature in the therapeutic relationship
The helper reminds the client of another important
Someone in power interacts in two different roles with an individual
21
Parson’s outstanding contribution to the career counseling movement was his
Conceptual Framework for helping an individual select a career
Research on career development of children
Speech at the first national conference on vocational guidance
Method of measuring aptitudes for immigrants
22
Behavior therapy assumes that:
Behavior is determined by psychic energy
Behavior is learned
Behavior is the result of free choices
Behavior is the result of unconscious forces
23
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the person-centered approach?
The focus is on the phenomenological world of the client
Emphasis is given to developing a contract for therapy
Therapist as a facilitator of growth and honored the power of the client
It is supported by evidence from ongoing research
24
In Gottfredson’s Theory the process by occupational choice occurs by eliminating negative choices is referred to as:
Compromise
Cognitive maps of occupations
Fantasy Islands
Circumscription
25
When a white individual is afraid to say the "wrong" thing in regard to race, this is an example of:
a microaggression
white identity development
white privilege
white fragility
26
If an instrument measures consistently but does not measure what it was designed to measure, the instrument is:
Valid but not reliable
Standardized but not reliable
Reliable but not normative
Reliable but not valid
27
Most likely to have progressive attitudes on gender equality, hear sexual comments, pressure to be attractive/strong
White adolescents
Asian adolescents
Biracial adolescents
Black & Latino adolescents
28
The dimensional approach to classification of mental disorders differs from the categorical b/c it provides
is diagnostic labels based on presence of specific symptoms
scales that indicate experiencing cognition, moods, & behaviors
lists symptoms associated w/the forms of disorder believed to exist
info that is used to determine the cause & tx of disorder
29
The correct order of the following scales of measurement, from least precise to most precise, is:
Ordinal, Nominal, Radio, Interval
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio
Ordinal, Nominal, Interval, Ratio
Nominal, Ratio, Interval, Ordinal
30
What type of group utilizes methods of interactive feedback within a here-and-now time framework
Group Psychotherapy
Task Group
Psychoeducational Group
Group Counseling
31
Those clients who receive interpretation of test results tend to have a:
More negative outcome
Better counseling outcome than those who do not receive an interpretation
Better counseling outcome if the interpretation concerns academic issues
Better outcome if shared within a group vs individual feedback
32
How is Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) different from other career theories?
It views career decision-making as a process rather than an event
Focus on personal constructions related to career decision making
influence of early gender role socialization on careers expectations
learning from interactions that take place within career environments
33
Recommendations for the multicultural counseling process include all of the following EXCEPT:
The counselor-client relationship should be a collaborative one,
The counselor does not need to fully understand their racial identity
Emphasize role of the family in the decision-making and counseling process
The counselor should be aware of a variety of worldviews
34
The Working Stage comes after ______ and is when group members can ________
none, meet and talk to one another
Transitional, explore their thoughts and emotions
Understanding Stage, begin termination
Initial Stage, have difficulty talking with others
35
The major characteristic of the classical psychoanalytic therapist is
Openness and self-disclosure
A Deeply personal and sharing relationship
A sense of being anonymous
Specific behavior an objective appraisal of learned patterns of behavior
36
The social cognitive career theory (SCCT) makes the following points concerning gender and ethnicity:
Observation of others determines career choice
Individual's socially constructed world is the focus of career decision
Perception of self in relation to work activity determines career choice
Inherited biological traits are the focus of career decisions
37
During the exploration stage, a helper does all the following EXCEPT:
Help the client to explore his or her feelings.
Assist the client in determining his or her role in the issue.
Establish rapport with the client.
Begin to develop the therapeutic relationship.
38
Storming in group context means
group members don't like the counselor
the group members are trying to find their role in the group.
thunder and lightening
group members yell at one another
39
Each major mental health professional organization has its own code of ethics; however, most of these codes are:
not necessary to obtain or read
specific and informative, giving answers to all ethical dilemmas
old and outdated, not pertaining to current ethical dilemmas
broad and general and do not provide specific answers to ethical dilemmas
40
The Gestalt therapist:
Helps the client understand why he/she is behaving in self-defeating ways
Freely makes interpretations for the client
is mainly non-directive
Pays attention to the client's nonverbal language
41
Why was career counseling created?
To meet the needs of society as it shifted from rural to urban living
To classify skills of entry soldiers into the military
To help people find jobs (originally)
To meet the needs of minority and immigrant workers
42
What is not a disadvantage of co-leadership model
decreases burnout
failure of the two leaders to meet regularly
random assignment to another leader
poor selection of a co-leader
43
A counselor who perceives reality exclusively through the filters of their own life experiences is said to be culturally
biased
encapsulated
immersed
44
In conducting an interview with a client from another culture, the counselor should:
Consider the degree to which self-disclosure is encouraged in that culture
Conduct the interview using close-ended questions
Use checklists or rating scales rather than interview
Use a multiple-choice format in the interviewing
45
Norm-referenced instruments are MOST useful for:
Establishing minimum levels of competence
Comparing performance to a standard
Determining if an individual has mastered certain material
Comparing an individual’s performance with other individuals
46
J. B. Watson
provided new insights into the role of discriminative stimuli
applied classical conditioning to child development
all of the above
said there are no innate emotions
47
A favorable resolution of the conflict between identity and role confusion leads to a sense of
ego integrity
care
purpose
fidelity
48
The trait-and-factor approach of career counseling incorporates:
clients do not have traits that can be matched with occupations
success in an occupation from the client's measured trait characteristics
Diagnosis and decision making
Primarily subjective information
49
Empathy fatigue is common in professionals who:
practice self-care techniques
treat survivors of stressful and traumatic events; treat mood, anxiety, etc
treat clients without empathy and rarely care about client outcomes
work in administrative positions and do not treat individuals
50
This instrument has nine descriptive scales
Beck Anxiety Inventory
Symptom Checklist –90 Revised
Beck Depression Inventory
California Psychological Inventory
51
True or False: Lesbian and gay youth experience elevated rates of mental health diagnosis (MDD, GAD, SUD).
True
False
52
Adler taught we must successfully master three universal life tasks. Which of the following is not one of these tasks?
Establishing intimacy
Building Friendships
Enhancing Wellness
Contributing to society
53
Identify the correct listing of the six basic ethical principles discussed in the Hill text.
Autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, fidelity, and veracity.
Justice, veracity, fidelity, consensuality, autonomy, and practicality.
Individuality, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and fidelity
Generativity, justice, individuality, liberty, veracity, and beneficence.
54
Match the client issues and behavior to the appropriate stage: Loss
Initial Stage
Final Stage
Working Stage
Transition Stage
55
The basic purpose of professional codes of ethics is to:
enhance the image of the helping profession
educate professionals about ethical conduct, professional accountability
set standards that must be followed no matter the situation
protect professionals from lawsuits
56
Holland’s model of personality types incorporates which of the following key concepts:
Differentiation, Identity, Congruence, Career Choice
Consistency/contiguity, Socialization, Satisfaction, Critical Theory
Consistency/contiguity, Identify, Self-Knowledge, Career Choice
Congruence, Consistency/contiguity, Differentiation, Identity
57
Social learning theorists retained the focus on learning, but broadened the notion of learning in two main ways
prosocial behavior and self-regulation
observation and vicarious reinforcement
social behavior and the social context of behavior
58
A clinicians emotional reactions to their client, which involves their own projections is based on:
caretaking
countertransference
transference
nurturance
59
Helpers self-awareness is important for CLIENT well-being for all of the follow reasons EXCEPT:
being self-aware helps with decision making interventions with client
It provides a growth experience for helpers in their personal lives
helpers can use their inner experiences to understand the healing process
helpers' reactions provide clues on how other people respond to clients
60
The most appropriate restatement would be which of the following?
"You sound overwhelmed."
"You were close to your son, but now things seem different."
"Say more about that."
"Your son is involved in many new and different activities."
61
Adolescents tend to shift toward a
biologically determined earlier sleep schedule
culturally determined later sleep schedule
biologically determined later sleep schedule
culturally determined earlier sleep schedule
62
The early uses of virtual reality in counseling has been with the treatment of individuals who have been diagnosed with
insomnia
schizophrenia
borderline personality disorder
PTSD
63
The most common anxiety disorder of childhood is:
Generalized Anxiety
Somatization
separation anxiety
Obsessive compulsive disorder
64
Vygotsky created the "zone of proximal development"
to distinguish between the truly gifted and other children
to assess children's potential for new learning
to indicate the child's potential for independent learning
to give educators a true assessment of children's current intelligence
65
Hideki has a panic attack at a baseball game. Next week he had a panic attack again at the stadium. This panic attack is
Cued
Situational bound
Uncued
Environmentally predisposed
66
A white student, is surprised that her friend, a Black student, got an internship over her. This is an example of:
a microinsult
a microdiscriminatory behavior
a microassault
a microsystem
67
The type of cognitive error that involves thinking and interpreting in all or nothing terms
polarized thinking
magnification and exaggeration
overgeneralization
arbitrary inference
68
The text indicates how Skinner discussed emotions as the effects of
shaping
discriminative stimuli
reinforcement schedules
behavior chains
69
The career development theory includes genetic endowments, special abilities, environmental conditions, and events is:
Krumboltz’s
Gottfredon’s
Super’s
Holland’s
70
The three types of hypotheses mentioned by Houser are null, nondirectional, and
bidirectional
working
directional
major
71
The correct components of the ABC theory of personality are:
activating events, behaviors, cognition
antecedent, belief, cognition
antecedent, behavior, consequences
activating event, belief, consequence
72
The main difference between sympathy and empathy is that
Empathy can only be achieved if the helper has had a similar experience
Clients prefer sympathy over empathy, helper cannot feel what they feel.
The helper has sympathy and the client has empathy
Sympathy equals pity, empathy is try feel what the client is experiencing
73
women in "gender appropriate" occupations confront less biases/stereotypes, encounter barriers such as lower earnings.
False
True
74
Bandura's observational learning theory differs from Skinner's operant theory
on the existence of direct rewards and punishments
on the need for experimental research
on the value of general stages
on the need to directly act to learn
75
The 4 components of Observational Learning are:
vicarious, prosocial, cultural, punishment
attenuation, modeling, reinforcement, motivation
attention, retention, production and motivation
76
The Code of Ethics Standards of Practice of the ACA indicate appropriate use of an instrument rests with:
The publisher of the instrument
All of the above share equally in the responsibility
The academic training program of clinician
The clinician
77
Which of the following is NOT a step involved in behavior change?
Explore the idea of action for this problem.
Gain insight into the problem.
Identify a specific problem.
Assess previous change attempts and resources.
78
______ is used to summarize the data collected based on the sample in a particular study, calculating central tendency
nonparametric statistics
descriptive statistics
regression statistics
inferential statistics
79
Random assignment to groups _________ the effects of some threats to validity.
doesn't change
decreases
increases
escalates
80
Active Listening Skills
reflecting, summarizing, attending
Both a and b
paraphrasing, restating, encouraging
demanding, yelling, putting down
81
A Black male, sees a white woman therapist, and is now in search for a Black male therapist. What stage of development?
introspection
conformity
resistance and immersion
dissonance
82
An assessment strategy that emphasizes empathy and the belief in the capacity to change (self-efficacy) is called:
Personality Assessment
Motivational Interviewing
Mental Status Examination
Cognitive Assessment
83
What are the four areas in socialization that Bandura studies?
aggression, gender roles, prosocial behavior, and self-regulation
aggression, modeling, selflessness, observation
modeling, vicarious learning, observation, self-regulation
84
Match the client issues and behavior to the appropriate stage: Identity Conflict
Working Stage
Transition Stage
Initial Stage
Final Stage
85
From the family system perspective, symptoms are often viewed as:
a sign of weakness
a result of cognitive distortions
evidence of psychopathology
an expression of a set of habits and patterns within a family
86
What are the stages of group development
beginning, middle, and end
initial, transitional, working, termination
forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning
initial, transition, working, final
87
researchers can replicate the events occurring in the natural environment and generalize the results to the population
internal validity
external validity
replication
extraneous
88
______ is inevitable in groups and is not negative if harnessed by the therapist to serve the group.
Pleasure
Control
Generalizing
Conflict
89
In Japan, the anxiety syndrome termed taijin kyofusho involves a fear of
Speaking to females
Personally offending others
Embarrassing oneself
Performing onstage
90
Piagetians generally believe that Bandura
is more in agreement with Freudian thinking than their own
underestimates the power of spontaneous interests
is in agreement with them, except for minor detail
has demonstrated the effects of classical conditioning
91
Reality therapy is BEST described as:
an insight therapy
an intensive and long-term therapy
a short-term therapy that deals with conscious behavioral problems
a rational therapy
92
All of the following are barriers for the LGBTQIA+ community EXCEPT:
lack of interpersonal relationships
lack of role models
physical violence
isolation
93
As consumers of research, practitioners are particularly interested in the discussion because ______.
it delineates the variables used
it provides an overview of the participants
it provides what worked and how it may be applied
it provides an overview of instrumentation
94
Someone in this social class may view work as a way to reach self-fulfillment rather than pay the bills.
Middle class
Upper class
Working class
Lower class
95
The central goal of existential psychotherapy is to:
keep the client from experiencing authentic existence
help client reject responsibility of choosing
decrease self-awareness.
increase awareness
96
when clients place past feelings or attitudes they had toward significant people in their lives onto their therapist
mirroring
transference
countertransference
projection
97
A person who is starting to integrate with the disability community is likely in which stage of Gill's Model?
coming out
coming with
coming toward
coming home
98
Substantial research suggests that minority students tend to be ______ in special education
Overrepresented
Equally represented
Misrepresented
Underrepresented
99
One difference between panic disorders and PTSD is
a panic attack alarm is false while in PTSD the initial alarm is true
PTSD but not panic disorder has a biological vulnerability
in panic disorder, the alarm is true, while in PTSD, the alarm is false
panic disorder but not PTSD has a biological vulnerability
100
Piaget emphasized the importance of
independent thinking
adult teaching
early schooling
biological maturation