Which of the following is true about subatomic particles?

the mass of a neutron nearly equals the mass of a proton

How are frequency and wavelength of light related?

They are inversely proportional to each other

How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does an atom with the atomic number 25 and mass numer 55 contain?

25 protons, 25 electrons, 30 neutrons

Which of the following electron configurations is most likely to result in an element that is relatively inactive?

a filled highest occupied principal energy level

The atomic mass of an element is the _____.

weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of the element

A chemical change is the name for the process of

changing a substance into a different substance

What is the purpose of pure chemistry?

the study of chemistry simply to gain knowledge

How do the isotopes hydrogen-1 and hydrogen-2 differ?

Hydrogen-2 has one neutron; hydrogen-1 has none

Which of the following statements correctly compares the relative size of an ion to its neutral atom?

The radius of an anion is greater than the radius of its neutral atom.

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Chemistry Semester 1 Exam Review

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1
Which of the following is true about subatomic particles?
protons are positively charged and the lightest subatomic particle
neutrons have no charge and are the lightest subatomic particle
electrons are negatively charged and are the heaviest subatomic particle
the mass of a neutron nearly equals the mass of a proton
2
The study of all chemicals not containing carbon
organic chemistry
analytical chemistry
inorganic chemistry
physical chemistry
3
How many electrons does Potassium have to lose to achieve the configuration of a noble gas?
4
1
3
2
4
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most ionic compounds?
They are composed of metallic and nonmetallic elements
When melted, they conduct an electric current
They are solids
They have low melting points
5
What unit is used to measure weighted average atomic mass?
gram
amu
km
meter
6
How are frequency and wavelength of light related?
They are directly proportional to each other
They are inversely proportional to each other
Frequency equals wavelength divded by the speed of light.
Wavelength is determined by dividing frequency by the speed of light.
7
A quantity that has both a number and a unit is a
conversion factor
volume
measurement
sig fig
8
Which of the following elements is in the same period as Phosphorus?
oxygen
nitrogen
helium
sulfur
9
The study of the composition of matter
analytical chemistry
organic chemistry
inorganic chemistry
physical chemistry
10
The space occupied by an sample of matter is its
volume
weight
measurement
density
11
A physical blend of two or more components is called a
mixture
soup
compound
substance
12
Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?
chicken noodle soup
chocolate chip cookie dough ice cream
apple juice
crunchy peanut butter
13
What is the maximum number of orbitals in the p sublevel?
2
10
14
6
14
How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does an atom with the atomic number 25 and mass numer 55 contain?
25 protons, 25 electrons, 25 neutrons
30 protons, 30 electrons, 25 neutrons
25 protons, 30 electrons, 25 neutrons
25 protons, 25 electrons, 30 neutrons
15
What is another name for the transition metals?
Group B elements
Group C elements
noble gases
Group A elements
16
1 Joule is equal to how many calories?
0.2390
1.484
4.184
2.390
17
How many sig figs are in 4.5 x 10³ km?
4
1
3
2
18
Which of the following groupings contains only representative elements?
Ni, Fe, Zn
Al, Mg, Li
Cu, Co, Cd
Hg, Cr, Ag
19
Which of the following electron configurations is most likely to result in an element that is relatively inactive?
a filled highest occupied principal energy level
a 1/4 filled energy sublevel
a half-filled energy sublevel
one empty and one filled energy sublevel
20
The atomic mass of an element is the _____.
otal number of subatomic particles in its nucleus
weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of the element
average of the mass number and the atomic number for the element
total mass of the isotopes of the element.
21
What is the maximum number of electrons in the second principal energy level?
7
8
9
6
22
The energy needed to move an electron from one energy level to another is called
frequency
wavelength
spectrum
quantum
23
A process in which a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is condensed is
evaporation
baking
condensation
distillation
24
What are the two steps for solving conceptual (non-numeric) problems?
solve
experiment
analyze
observe
25
What is the maximum number of d orbitals in a principal energy level?
2
14
10
6
26
What has mass and occupies space?
light
matter
sound
heat
27
If an element has the atomic number of 86, how many electrons will it have?
86
68
42
2
28
Which step of the scientific method requires you to use your senses?
experiment
theory
observation
hypothesis
29
A ratio of equivalent measurements is called a
volume
measurment
sig fig
conversion factor
30
Which of the following is not a physical change?
fermenting of cheese
grating cheese
putting food coloring in cake batter
freezing
31
The correct value based on reliable references is the
experimental value
accepted value
included valie
percent error
32
A chemical change is the name for the process of
changing the temperature of a substance
changing a substance into a different substance
changing the color of a substance
mixing two substances
33
What is the purpose of pure chemistry?
scientific reserch for a specific purpose
the study of chemistry simply to gain knowledge
34
Dalton hypothesized that atoms are indivisible and that all atoms of an element are identical. It is now known that
atoms are part of the electron cloud
atoms of an element can had different numbers of protons
all of Dalton's ideas were correct
atoms are divisible
35
How do the isotopes hydrogen-1 and hydrogen-2 differ?
Hydrogen-2 has one neutron; hydrogen-1 has none
Hydrogen-2 has one proton; hydrogen-1 has none
Hydrogen-2 has two protons; hydrogen-1 has one
Hydrogen-2 has one more electron than hydrogen-1
36
Who arranged the elements by atomic mass and used the arrangement to predict the properties of missing elements?
Antoine Lavoisier
Lil Baby
Dmitri Mendeleev
Henry Moseley
37
Which of the following categories includes the majority of the elements?
Nonmetals
Metalloids
Metals
Liquids
38
How does calcium obey the octet rule when reacting to form compounds?
calcium does not obey the octet rule
it gains electrons
it gives up electrons
it does not change its number of electrons
39
Stable electron configurations are likely to contain ______.
filled energy sublevels
unfilled s orbitals
fewer electrons than unstable configurations
electrons with a clockwise spin
40
Using the periodic table, determine the number of neutrons in ¹⁶O
7
4
3
8
41
The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom equals the
atomic mass
atomic number
mass number
nucleus number
42
The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element is a(n)
atom
nuetron
electron
proton
43
What are the steps to numeric problem solving?
Calculate and Hypothesize
Evaluate and Calculate
Analyze, Evaluate, Calculate
Hypothesize and Analyze
44
The steps analyze and solve, are for what type of problem?
conceptual (non-numerical)
analytical
numerical
electrical
45
Which of the following statements correctly compares the relative size of an ion to its neutral atom?
The radius of an anion is greater than the radius of its neutral atom.
The radius of a cation is identical to the radius of its neutral atom.
The radius of an anion is identical to the radius of its neutral atom.
The radius of a cation is great than the radius of its neutral atom.
46
Which of the following is NOT an an example of matter?
smoke
air
vapor
heat
47
The particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom are ______.
protons and electrons
protons and neutrons
neutrons and electrons
electrons only
48
All of the following are physical properties except...
ability to rust
boiling point
mass
color
49
What is another name for the representative elements?
transition elements
Group C elements
Group A elements
Group B elements
50
Which of the following is a physical change?
evaporation
explosion
corrosion
fermenting of apple juice
51
What are quanta of light called?
charms
photons
quantum
electra
52
The principle quantum number indicates what property of an electron?
energy level
electron cloud shape
speed
position
53
The tendency of electrons to enter orbitals of lowest energy first is the
Pauli exclusion principle
Aufbau principle
Lil Baby Principle
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
54
ates the impossibility of knowing both velocity and position of a moving particle at the same time.
Pauli exclusion principle
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
Lil Baby Principle
Aufbau principle
55
How does the energy of an electron change when the electron moves closer to the nucleus?
increases
same
doubles
decreases
56
Which state of matter has a definite shape and definite volume?
solid and gas
gas
solid
liquid
57
Although they are composed of ions, ionic compounds are electrically _____.
negative
positive
neutral
charged
58
Which of these is the ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound?
shielding energy
nuclear energy
electronegativity
ionization energy
59
Who was the man who lived from 460B.C. - 370B.C. and was among the first to suggest the idea of atoms?
Dalton
Democritus
Atmos
Lil Baby
60
A substance that can be separated into two or more substances only by a chemical change is a
compound
blended
solution
mixture
61
The distance between wave crests is the _______.
spectrum
frequency
wavelength
quantum
62
Ionic compounds are normally in which physical state at room temperature?
plasma
liquid
solid
gas
63
A well-tested explanation for a set of observations
hypothesis
theory
rule
law
64
How many sig figs are in 300 cm?
3
2
1
4
65
How many valence electrons are in an atom of magnesium?
5
4
2
3
66
Each student has to measure 1.14 g of NaOH. The total available is 20 g of NaOH. How many students can participate?
19
17
18
20
67
Which of the following is a chemical property?
color
hardness
ability to react with oxygen
freezing point
68
Which of the following occurs in an ionic bond?
oppositely charged ions attract
two atoms share two electrons
like-charge dions attract
two atoms share more than two electrons
69
Which of the following represents a compound?
CO2
K2+
C
H
70
What kind of variable is observed during an experiment?
contol
response
independent
manipulated
71
How many steps are in numeric problems?
6
2
3
4
72
How many sig figs are in 0.4567?
1
2
4
3
73
Which area of chemistry is about mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change?
physical
Analytical
Organic
Inorganic
74
Which of the following pairs of elements is most likely to form an ionic compound?
Gallium and Arsenic
nitrogen and sulfur
oxygen and chorine
Lithium and Florine
75
The equation MASS/VOLUME would give us
density
boiling point
mass
volume
76
How many valence electrons are in an atom of phosphorus?
4
5
2
3
77
Emission of light from an atom occurs when an electron _____.
falls into the nucleus
jumps from a lower to a higher energy level
moves within its atomic orbital
drops from a higher to a lower energy level
78
All of the following changes to a metal are physical changes EXCEPT
rusting
bending
melting
polishing
79
What state of matter takes the volume and shape of its container?
gas
liquid
solid
both liquid and gas
80
Which of the following is true about homogeneous mixtures?
the composition doesn't change
they are known as solutions
they are always liquids
consists of two or more phases
81
The type of chemistry that studies the processes that take place in organisms
physical chemistry
biochemistry
organic chemistry
analytical chemistry
82
What types of atomic orbitals are in the third principal energy level?
s, p, d, and f
s
s, p and d
s and p
83
How many energy sublevels are in the third principal energy level?
4
2
1
3
84
Who discovered that oxygen was needed for burning?
Mr. Pennington
Democritus
George Washington
Antione Lavoisier
85
The atomic number of an element is the total number of which particles in the nucleus?
neutrons
protons and nuetrons
protons
protons and electrons
86
The gaseous state of a substance that is normally a liquid or solid at room temperature is called
condensation
smoke
vapor
steam
87
When two objects are put together, heat energy will always go from the colder object to the warmer object.
false
true
88
The study of all chemicals containing carbon
physical chemistry
inorganic chemistry
analytical chemistry
organic chemistry
89
What is the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an oxygen atom?
3
2
6
8
90
What are the two steps for solving conceptual (non-numeric) problems?
analyze
experiment
observe
solve
91
The value that is measured in the lab is the
experimental value
percent error
measurement
accepted value
92
Element in the 2nd period has the largest atomic radius? (atomic size decreases left - right, & increases top - bottom)
lithium
neon
carbon
potassium
93
Which state of matter has a definite volume and takes the shape of its container?
liquid
gas
both solid and liquid
solid
94
Which subatomic particle plays the greatest part in determining the properties of an element?
electron
nucleus
neutron
proton
95
Which of the following equals one atomic mass unit?
the mass of one electron
the mass of one carbon-12 atom
one-twelfth the mass of one carbon-12 atom
the mass of one helium-4 atom
96
Isotopes of the same element have different _______
number of christmas lights
number of neutrons
number of protons
number of electrons
97
Which of the following statements about ions is true?
Anions form when atoms gain protons
Cations form when atoms gain electrons
Cations form when atoms lose electrons
Anions form when atoms lose electrons
98
What is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom called?
shielding energy
ionization energy
nuclear energy
electronegativity

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