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AP World History Review
AP World History Review
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Unit II AP World History Review
Flashcards
118 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
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Answers
1
The Silk Road was important to China because it provided
contact with other cultures through trade
a means of administering the civil service exams
a military route for the defense of the norther border
a means for the empire to expand its borders
2
The Byzantine Empire
adapted the Roman principles of justice
used a senate as the chief governing body
Helped maintain Roman rule over W Europe
led Crusades to capture Rome from the Huns
3
Notre Dame Cathedral, the Dome of the Rock, and the Great Pyramid are examples of
ancient architectural monuments no longer in use
architectural accomplishments that reflect religious beliefs
the influence of Buddhist architecture on conquered nations
influence of cultural diffusion on contemporary architecture
4
Which POV best represents the philosophy behind the Renaissance?
Class distinctions in society should be re-examined
The Catholic Church should be questioned and re-evaluated
The Greek and Roman civilizations are worthy of study
Religious doctrines should not be questioned
5
Rome during the Pax Romana and the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages are examples of
Communist regimes
centralized powers
feudal governments
constitutional monarchies
6
Block printing, gunpowder, the abacus, porcelain making, and compass are associated with the
Byzantine Empire
Gupta Empire
Tang and Song dynasties
Ghana and Mali civilizations
7
What are two indirect results of the Crusades?
The Feudal system strengthened
Trade and commerce declined
Trade declined and feudal system was weakened
Trade increased and the feudal system was weakened
8
Spain's colonial policy of mercantilism affected Latin America by promoting
respect for the rights of the indigenous
the production of raw materials and cash crops
free and rapid trade with Asia and Africa
isolationism
9
During the early Middle Ages, W European societies were most influences by
national monarchies
elected parliaments
the Roman Catholic Church
the Byzantine emperors
10
What is the best conclusion based on the information provided by the map?
Islam has become the dominant religion in many cultures
Islam spread to religions that had culture similar to Arabia
Islam's influence is rapidly decreasing in the modern world
Islam was slow to expand from its original start in Persia
11
Which was a characteristic of feudalism?
Power rested in the hands of a strong central government
Land was exchanged for military service and obligations
Government was provided by a bureaucracy of civil servants
Court systems were developed
12
In the Middle East during the Golden Age of Muslim culture, scholars were encouraged to
preserve and expand ancient Greek and Roman learning
ignore the achievements of Chinese culture
reject all knowledge that was Western in origin
accept medieval W European religious ideas
13
The Byzantine Empire made its most important contribution to later civilization by
preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage
encouraging the spread of Buddhism
establishing trade routes to the Americas
recognizing the pope as the head of the Byzantine Church
14
The economic policy of mercantilism first developed during the
Age of Exploration
Enlightenment
Middle Ages
Scientific Revolution
15
A study of Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas would show that these ancient American civilizations
rivaled the accomplishments of Middle Eastern cultures
produced few cultural achievements
lived at peace with their neighbors
welcomed the new technology brought by Euro explorers
16
In the 16th and 17th c. in Latin America, European mercantilism lead to
rejection of Spanish culture
growth of democratic forms of gov't
opposition to the Catholic Church
exploitation of people and resources
17
Which factor contributed to the decline in power of European nobles in the late Middle Ages?
rise of nation-states
decreasing importance of towns and cities
collapse of international trade
increase in influence of serfs
18
During the 18 and 19 c., increased contact btwn Euro and Africa, Asia and S America resulted in
a return to the political and economic systems of feudalism
closer cultural cooperation btwn Euro and these continents
the exploitation of labor and resources of these continents
preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples
19
In medieval Japan and medieval Europe, the feudal system was dominated by
warrior aristocrats
middle class merchants
peasant farmers
radical revolutionaries
20
Which phrase best describes Mali under the rule of Mansa Musa?
a poverty-stricken era
a time of colonial unrest
a period of political chaos
a golden age
21
The European feudal system represents a society based on
political ability
educational achievement
accumulated wealth
social class
22
One aspect common to both Shinto and Taoism is a
belief in one God
ban on the consumption of pork
deep reverence and respect for nature
belief in the reincarnation of souls
23
One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in N Italy was that the region had
a wealthy class invested in the arts
an absolutist gov't
a shrinking aristocracy
extensive contact with the Byzantine Empire
24
In both Mali and the Roman Republic, ____ was an important feature of life
codified laws
agricultural communes
social and political equality
Islam
25
Which statement best explains why Byzantine influences strongly affected Russia and E Europe
early Russia settlements located btwn Baltic and Black Sea
Byzantine empire spread democracy to Russia
Russian minorities converted the Byzantine Empire to Islam
Rulers in W Europe refused to trade with E Europe
26
Feudalism influenced Europe and Japan by
eliminating warfare
encouraging formal education
providing social stability
fostering the growth of religion
27
Which style of architecture includes by stained windows, flying buttresses, and pointed arches?
neoclassical
Corinthian
Gothic
Ionic
28
Which statement can best be supported by the existence of Songhai, Mali, Kush, and Nubia?
Africans established thriving civilization before Euro came
They were entirely self-sufficient and discouraged trade
Natural geographic barriers prevented trade
The societies were involved in violent civil wars
29
Which idea was shared by the ancient Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations?
practicing rituals to please the gods
mercantilism
direct democracy
equality among the social classes
30
One principle in the theory of mercantilism is that colonies should be
granted independence as soon as possible
encouraged to develop their own industries
considered an economic burden for the colonial power
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
31
"From S Spain, across N Africa, occupying Arabian peninsula to SE Asia" once described the
Gupta Empire
Muslim world
Pax Romana
Aztec Empire
32
Which cultural element spread from the Byzantine Empire to early Russia?
Orthodox Christianity
democratic ideas
silk cloth
Latin language
33
The ethnocentric attitudes of the various Chinese can best be attributed to the
great culutral diversity within China's borders
failure of other nations to become interested in China
cultural isolation of China
interest of Chinese scholars in other civilizations
34
The purpose of the Great Wall was to
protect the port city of Guangzhou
supply food from the south to Khanbalik
protect the Chinese from the nomadic tribes
control the flood waters of the Hunag he and Chang Jiang
35
In both Europe and Japan, the major reason for the development of feudalism was to
provide order during a period of weak central governments
eliminate the need for a legal system
increase trade and manufacturing
consolidate the political power of the region
36
What economic principle developed as a result of the trade routes on the map?
capitalism
mercantilism
industrialism
manorialism
37
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
The Catholic Church was based in Italy
Roots of the Roman Empire were revived
Italy was politically unified
Italian city-states were centers of trade and manufacturing
38
The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages can best be described as a church that
was a strong force that divided many people
favored separation from secular government
was a stabilizing force during time of weak central powers
avoided involvement in social and educational matters
39
W Europe is indebted to this empire that ensured survival of Christianity when it was too weak
Mongol
Byzantine
Ottoman
Hellenistic
40
Which system developed as a result of the Commercial Revolution in Europe?
absolutism
mercantalism
manorilaism
market economy
41
Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?
free market
socialism
feudalism
manorialism
42
The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from
self-determination
cultural diffusion
ethnocentrism
imperialism
43
The Tang, the Gupta, and the Mali were similar in that each experienced a period of
war and constant invasion
feudalism and oppression
mercantilism and industrial expansion
prosperity and artistic creativty
44
Mercantilism is best illustrated by the
the relationship btwn Spain and Latin America
economic structure of China during the Yuan dynasty
military strategies of the Mali
social kinship of the Ashanti people
45
Which groups were most closely associated with the spread of the Black Death?
missionaries and slave traders
soldiers and diplomats
bankers and explorers
merchants and pilgrims
46
Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
European renewal in learning
European involvement in the Crusades
increase in European demands for Eastern goods
development of a European middle class
47
Which was not a major characteristic of the Renaissance?
individualism
secularism
mysticism
humanism
48
Archaeological evidence found at Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggests that these socities
practice monotheism
were highly developed and organized
consisted of hunters and gatherers
followed a democratic system
49
Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire because
its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia
it was geographically isolated from surrounding empires
it was a religious center for Muslims
the pope had made it the capital of the Christian world
50
An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the
restoration of the Byzantine empire
increase in tension between Muslims and Christians
destruction of Muslim military power
creation of a large Christian state on the Red Sea
51
The W African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai flourished btwn 700 and 1600 mainly b/c they
controlled the trade routes across the Sahara
became religious centers considered sacred to Africans
developed self-sufficient economies
received support from European colonial governments
52
According to the map, by 750 A.D. islam had spread from
the Indus River to Spain
Cairo to Tours
Mecca to Asia Minor
Senegal to India
53
Which economic system is shown in this diagram?
socialism
manorialism
mercantalism
laissez-faire capitalism
54
A major feature of the Golden Age of Muslim culture was the
development of the foundation of modern science and math
persecution of Jews and Christains
political and economic isolation of the Arab world
adoption of democratic government
55
What do these: Calcutta, Nanjing, Venice, Mogadishu have in common from 1200-1650?
cities of origin for major religions
Latin American societies
centers of world trade
sites of early civilization
56
Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols?
avoiding contact with the West
paying monetary tribute to local rulers
converting conquered peoples to Confucianism
employing superior military skills
57
Which statement best reflects the effect of colonialism in Latin America?
Markets in the colonies were closed to manufactured goods
Land was distributed equally btwn the social classes
The wealth of the colonial power increased at their expense
industries in the colonies manufactured goods
58
In Europe a long-term effect of the Crusades was
an increased demand of goods from the East
increased European isolation
an adoption of Islam
the strengthening of the feudal system
59
A study of early African and Asian civilizations shows that
societies usually developed along river valleys
religion had little developmental influence
large cities were not established until Europeans came
men and women had equal employment opportunities
60
Which statement about the social structure in Europe during the Middle Ages is most accurate?
The nobles encouraged social mobility
sharp class distinctions divided European society
the practices of the church led to classless society
industrialization led to the growth of socialism in Europe
61
The map shows that the Mongol Empire stretched across
South America and Asia
North America and Europe
Europe and Asia
Africa and Southeast Asia
62
The Commercial Revolution in W Europe led directly to the
establishment of the guild system
weakening of the power of the middle class
development of a socialist economy
expansion of world trade
63
From the 9th - 14th centuries, Muslim rule of conquered territories was characterized by
the rejection of Greek and Roman scientific works
the toleration of members of other cultures
the creation of democratic governments
a decrease in trade and commerce
64
A characteristic of both European and Japanese federalism was
a decentralized government
the many opportunities for social mobility
an adoption of Christianity
an open democratic society
65
Europeans had little impact on China's culture mainly b/c
Japanese culutre had become dominant in China
the Europeans forbid their missionaries from going to China
the Chinese viewed their culture as superior
Confucianism prohibited the Chinese from foreign interaction
66
What can be seen form studying the Axum, Kush, Mali, and Songhai?
Farming was more extensive in the Nile than anywhere else
These had rich history before European contact
The Neolithic Revolution first occurred in Africa
The African societies flourished at the same time
67
Which statement best described society under medieval Christianity and traditional Islam?
Both religions influences society by expressing equality
Religion permitted the freedom to choose how people worship
Religion played a major role only in the lives of clergy
Religion was a way of life that governed people
68
According to this map, which modern-day nations were ruled by the Mongols?
Russia and Iraq
Iran and Thailand
Saudi Arabia and Georgia
Japan and Tibet
69
As the Middle Ages ended, the rise of a middle class in W Euro can be attributed to the
strength of Christianity in medieval Euro
economic policies of the Roman Empire
self-sufficiency of the manor system
increase in trade that resulted from the Crusades
70
A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades was to
unite warring Arab peoples
capture the Holy land from Islamic rulers
establish Christianity in W Europe
strengthen English dominance of the Arab world
71
"... and in the actions of men... the end justifies the means." Who wrote this?
Machiavelli
Locke
Montesquei
Voltaire
72
The Age of Pericles, the Gupta Empire, and the Tang dynasty experienced a golden age with
the end of foreign domination
the furthest expansion of their borders
advancements in the principles of democratic governments
outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences
73
Which idea about leadership would Machiavelli most likely support?
leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve goals
It is better to be loved, than feared
Leaders should be elected fairly and democratically
Leaders should listen to the desire of the people
74
What generalization about Latin American geography is correct?
Geographic features prevented foreign imperialism
Harsh climates prevented the development of agriculture
Lack of barriers facilitated extensive communication
Variation in land forms resulted in diverse climates
75
Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14 c. Europe and 16 and 17 c. N &S America?
fall of Constantinople
introduction of new military
outbreak of deadly diseases
rise of nation states
76
The travels of Marco Polo resulted in the
expansion of trade btwn China and Europe
use of Confucian teaching in Europe
introduction of gunpowder to China
decline of Mongol rule in China
77
During the 1400s, the cities of Venice, Constantinople, and Canton achieved prominence b/c
pleasant climates led to increase in populations
military power led to industrialization
locations were favorable for trade
democratic gov'ts attracted trade
78
The Crusades, the travels of Marco Polo, and the fall of the Byzantine Empire contributed to
growth of feudalism in Europe
end of absolute monarchy in Russia
Age of Exploration in Europe
decline in African slave trade
79
In the Renaissance period, which factor was emphasized by the philosophy of humanism?
value of the individual
obedience to gov't officials
superiority of medieval thought
devotion to religion
80
One major result of the Crusades was the
long-term decrease in European trade
conversion of most Muslims to Christianity
spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe
permanent occupation of the Holy Land by Europeans
81
Why did Native American populations drastically decrease from 1492 to 1600?
wars btwn various native groups
crop failures brought on by poor weather
diseases introduced by the Spanish
emigration of Native Americans to Euro and Africa
82
The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with
classic Greek and Roman subjects
materialism
human scientific achievements
religious themes
83
What was typical of Greece during the Golden age and Italy during the Renaissance?
universal suffrage/democracy
social mobility
a questioning spirit
racial diversity
84
Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
Europeans developed a tolerance of non-Christian religions
Trade between Europe and the Middle East expanded
islamic influence dominated Europe
Europeans maintained a lasting control over the Middle East
85
The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by
stimulating European demand for goods from the East
increasing power of feudal lords
forcing religious conversion of Muslims
forcing Turks to flee form Constantinople
86
Under colonialism, colonial powers considered their colonies to be
independent trade partners
possessions to be exploited
independent nations with special privileges
possessions to the detriment of the imperial power
87
The Middle Ages in W Europe was characterized by
absolute monarchies
the manor system and land ownership
extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East
decreased emphasis on religion in daily life
88
One reason for the success of the cities in the Hanseatic League and Italy was that both were
close to a network of navigable rivers
protected by mountains
accessible by water
isolated from the rest of Europe
89
Which describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on W Europe?
The Catholic Church was weakened
Feudalism strengthened
Art to reflect increasingly religious themes
Nationalistic movements began to decline
90
Which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of Russia?
Byzantine
Holy Roman
Ottoman
Assyrian
91
Which political system is associated with Europe from 900-1200 and Japan from 1600-1868
communism
feudalism
manorialism
socialism
92
The caste system and the feudal system were similar in that both
developed concepts for natural rights
established absolutist governments
provided structure for society
promoted peace and prosperity
93
A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that this civilization
collapsed as a result of the Germanic invasion of Middle Age
based its economy on subsistence farming and slash-and-burn
reduced the influence of the Eastern Orthodox Church
preserved Greek and Roman learning for W and E Europe
94
One way in which the Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and Crusaders were similar is that they all
development of feudalism in Europe
invaded the Middle East and affected its culture
moved through the Middle East as nomadic groups
succeeded in bringing democracy to the Middle East
95
What do the Maya, Aztec, and Inca have in common?
origin in the Andes Mountains
peaceful territorial expansion
dedication to advancement of science
social equality
96
Egypt, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all similar because they were all located
on major trading routes
in coastal areas
in rain forest areas
in mountainous terrain
97
Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
Church leaders were involved only in spiritual activities
The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, and order
The Church encouraged individuals to question authority
The Church gained influence as people became more secular
98
In what way was the Renaissance similar to the Tang dynasty?
Religious reform was a major concern
The peasant class was instrumental in both
Advances in art, technology, and learning occurred
Warfare and insurrection characterized both
99
Btwn 800 and 1600, the W African city of Timbuktu became prosperous with the trading of
spices and silk
iron ore and coal
gold and salt
rifles and diamonds
100
During the Commercial Revolution, the joint stock company was developed to meet the needs of
feudalism
manorialism
mercantilism
entrepreneurship
101
Africa's geography is characterized by
a diverse topography
a lack of major river systems
an absence of rain forests
an irregular coastline and excellent harbors
102
Which conclusion can be drawn from the information provided by the map?
The Hanseatic league controlled trade in the Black Sea
Africa was Europe's most active trading partner
A network of trade routes connected centers of Euro trade
Asians and Europeans traded primarily by water routes
103
In Western Europe, which development caused the other three?
rise in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
fall of Rome
decline of trade
breakdown of central government
104
One similarity between the Gupta and the Tang dynasty is that each
promoted equality for women
developed a representative government
made advances in the arts, sciences, and mathematics
gained overseas colonies
105
The Sumerians, Phoenicians, and Mayans were similar in that each
had decentralized political structures
developed writing systems
emphasized social equality
established monotheistic religions
106
In Japan btwn 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the
development of extensive trade
military conquest of China
virtual isolation of the country from the outside world
formation of cultural links with Europe
107
The European feudal system was
intended to provide opportunities for social mobility
controlled by a powerful middle class
designed to promote political and economic equality
supported by the labor of peasants
108
Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in W Europe was criticized for
allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to people
being too concerned with worldly power and riches
refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
sponsoring exploration to the Middle East
109
Humanism was
a rejection of ancient civilizations
embracing the separation of church and state
belief in the supremacy of the collective
appreciation for the worth of the individual
110
One important effect of the Crusades on Western Europe was they
furthered cultural diffusion throughout W Europe
introduced the Industrial Revolution
led to a decline int he importance of the church
ended the W European quest for an overseas empire
111
Buildings such as the Gothic cathedrals in W Europe and the Parthenon in ancient Greece reflect
imperialist attitudes
rigid social structure
belief in democracy
cultural values
112
Medieval life in Europe was characterized by
rejection of Christian teachings
limited social mobility
a strong central government
a thriving system of international trade
113
The development of trade along the Mediterranean Sea led to the
beginnings of the Crusades to the Middle East
start of the Renaissance in Italy
decline of Greek city-states
first religious wars in Europe
114
In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in
lower living standards for industrial workers
increased political power for the clergy
decreased economic rivalry btwn kings
development of towns and cities
115
In Japan, the samurai code of Bushido helped bring about
peaceful relations with other nations
equality among Japanese citizens
a culture that accepted militarism
an increased interest in science and technology
116
Machiavelli and Hobbes both advocated that a ruler should
divide power evenly
obtain power from a social contract
employ absolute power
obtain consent of the governed
117
The introduction of banking, letters of credit, joint stock companies, and guilds gave way to
Enlightenment
Commercial Revolution
Renaissance
Scientific Revolution
118
Many achievements of Islamic civilization reached European society by way of
conquests of the Germanic tribes and trade along Silk Road
merchant guilds and the Industrial Revolution
Crusades and E Mediterranean trading networks
Middle Passage and the Columbian Exchange