Sousa Chapter 2: Past experience impacts whether memories will make it to long-term storage at which level(s)?

Working Memory, Immediate Memory

ALT-Merriam Chap 5: Which of the following are the major assumptions of Andragogy proposed by Knowles?

Self-direction, experience, problem-centered, readiness, motivation, why

ALT Merriam Chap 5: Which of the following are criticisms of McClusky's Theory of Margin? (choose all that apply)

Does not address adult learning, only when it is most likely to occur, Learning can happen under periods of stress, even when Load>Power, Learning itself can increase Power

Merriam, Ch 6: What instruments can assess aspects of self-directedness in learners? (select all that apply)

Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale, Oddi Continuing Learning Inventory

Sousa Intro: What can fluctuations in neurotransmitter concentrations in brain areas do? (select all that apply)

Diminish or enhance our alertness, Change our mood, Affect our movement, Interfere with our ability to learn

SDL-Merriam Chap 6: The instructional model by Hammon and Collins is the only model explicitly expressing what?

Emancipatory learning and social action

SDL-Merriam Chap 6: What are the three major categories of models for SDL?(choose all that apply)

Instructional Model, Interactive Model, Linear Model

Sousa Chap 3: Which of the following help with retention of new material?

Varied teaching methods, Learning by doing, Practicing and teaching others, Visual material

SDL-Merriam Chap 6: As described by Knowles, which of the following best identifies SDL?

Individuals take initiative in their needs, goals, resources, and strategy

SDL-Merriam Chap 6: The use of SDL in the workplace is successful when providing workers with what?

Opportunities for continuous learning and utilizing technology

Merriam, Ch 6: What factor(s) might influence self-directed learning in an interactive model? (select all that apply)

Cognitive processes, Personality characteristics of learners, Opportunities people find in their own environments, The context of learning

Merriam, Ch 6: What variable(s) influence if adults exhibit autonomous behaviors in learning situations?

Their familiarity with the subject matter, Technical skills related to the learning process, Their sense of persoanl compentence as learners, Their commitment to learning at this point in time

SDL-Merriam Chap 6: Which of the following are the main goals of SDL (choose all that apply)

Foster transformational learning, Enhance ability of adult learners to be self-directed in their learning, Promote emancipatory learning and social action

SDL-Merriam Chap 6: What are 3 main teaching strategies to facilitate self-direction, metacognition, improved learning

PBL strategy, intentional learning environments, cognitive apprenticeships

Sousa Intro: How does Positron-Emission Tomography work?

It looks at the concentration of radiation in active areas of the brain.

ALT-Merriam Chap 5: Which of the following best describes McClusky's Theory of Margin for adult learning?

Balance between amount of energy to engage learning and amount available

SDL-Merriam Chap 6: While many factors play a role in SDL, what are the 4 most important factors in autonomous learning?

Technical skills, familiarity, personal competenece, commitment

Sousa Intro: What are some components of action research? (select all that apply)

Report Results, Take Action Based on Results of Data, Identify or Redefine the Problem

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CI 7082 Mid-Term Review

97 termsStudBud Administration2 plays

Mid-Term Review for MEd Course CI 7082 on Human and Adult Learning Theory created by Paul Campbell, Jenn DeSante-Bertkau, Michelle March, and Janis Sethness (10/2023).

Flashcards97 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 97

Answers

1
ALT-Merriam Chap 4: According to Illeris, all three dimensions of learning are required, but where do they take place?
In the classroom
Over time
Society
At home
2
Sousa Chap 3: Hawkins thought human behavior was the best indicator of intelligence
False
True
3
Sousa Chapter 2: Past experience impacts whether memories will make it to long-term storage at which level(s)?
Working Memory
Environmental Input
Motor Memory
Immediate Memory
4
Sousa, Chapter 1: What neurotransmitter affects learning, movement, memory, & REM sleep?
Endorphins
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Acetylcholine
5
ALT-Merriam Chap 5: Which of the following are the major assumptions of Andragogy proposed by Knowles?
Ideology, self-concept, self-motivation, engagement, reliability
Clear explanation, decisive, resource sharing, self-concept
Self-direction, experience, problem-centered, readiness, motivation, why
Work hard, self-motivation, directed learning, resource management
6
Sousa, Chapter 1: *** plays a major role in consolidating learning, moving info from working memory to long-term storage
Thalmus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Hippocampus
7
ALT Merriam Chap 4: What are the three dimensions involved in learning described by Illeris? (choose all that apply)
Emotion
Cognition
Self-recognition
Society
8
ALT Merriam Chap 5: Which of the following are criticisms of McClusky's Theory of Margin? (choose all that apply)
Does not address adult learning, only when it is most likely to occur
Learning can happen under periods of stress, even when Load>Power
Does not account for social context
Learning itself can increase Power
9
Sousa, Chapter 1: Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the lobes of the brain?
Temporal Lobes
Parietal Lobes
Posterior Lobes
Frontal Lobes
10
Merriam, Ch 6: What instruments can assess aspects of self-directedness in learners? (select all that apply)
Self-Directed Assessment Questionnaire
Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale
Adult Learning Checklist
Oddi Continuing Learning Inventory
11
Sousa Intro: What can fluctuations in neurotransmitter concentrations in brain areas do? (select all that apply)
Diminish or enhance our alertness
Change our mood
Affect our movement
Interfere with our ability to learn
12
Sousa Chap 2: Chunking can increase retention at what level of memory?
Long-Term Memory
Motor Memory
Sensory Memory
Working Memory
13
Sousa Chap 2: Reviewing material right before a test can help it's retention in long-term memory?
False
True
14
Sousa, Chapter 1: The *** monitors impulses from nerve endings in the muscles & is responsible for coordinating movement
Cerebellum
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Cerebrum
15
Sousa, Chapter 1: This part of the brain is responsible for integrating sensory information from the body.
Occipital Lobes
Frontal Lobes
Temporal Lobes
Parieta Lobes
16
Sousa, Chap 1: Windows of opportunity are periods where the young brain is very susceptible to input from environment.
True
False
17
SDL-Merriam Chap 6: The instructional model by Hammon and Collins is the only model explicitly expressing what?
Self-awareness
Emancipatory learning and social action
Self-guidance
Technology
18
Merriam, Ch 6: What interactive model of self-directed learning is pictured here?
Cavaliere's Model
Garrison's Model
Spear's Model
Brockett and Hiemstra's Model
19
SDL-Merriam Chap 6: What are the three major categories of models for SDL?(choose all that apply)
Instructional Model
Interwoven Model
Interactive Model
Linear Model
20
Sousa, Chapter 1: Which neurotransmitter is the most predominate one that affects learning and emotion?
Glutamate
Epinephrine
Endorphins
Dopamine
21
Sousa Chap 3: Which of the following help with retention of new material?
Varied teaching methods
Learning by doing
Practicing and teaching others
Visual material
22
SDL-Merriam Chap 6: As described by Knowles, which of the following best identifies SDL?
Individuals work in groups to complete tasks outside of the classroom
Individuals take initiative in their needs, goals, resources, and strategy
Individuals express a desire to learn, provided with resources and tests
Individuals utilize teachers and didactics to prioritize learning needs
23
Sousa Chap 2: How confident a person feels about a subject can affect the amount of attention they devote to it.
True
False
24
Sousa, Chapter 1: This part of the brain is used almost exclusively for visual processing.
Occipital Lobes
Parietal Lobes
Temporal Lobes
Frontal Lobes
25
SDL-Merriam Chap 6: The use of SDL in the workplace is successful when providing workers with what?
PTO to complete activities
Fiscal reimbursement
Formal instruction and conferences
Opportunities for continuous learning and utilizing technology
26
Sousa, Chapter 1: Gial (Support) cells make up the majority of nerve cells in the brain.
True
False
27
Merriam, Ch 6: What factor(s) might influence self-directed learning in an interactive model? (select all that apply)
Cognitive processes
Personality characteristics of learners
Opportunities people find in their own environments
The context of learning
28
Sousa Chap 2: Which of the following impact if a new task is encoded to long-term memory?
Meaning
Sense
Repetition
Innate ability
29
Merriam, Ch 6: What variable(s) influence if adults exhibit autonomous behaviors in learning situations?
Their familiarity with the subject matter
Technical skills related to the learning process
Their sense of persoanl compentence as learners
Their commitment to learning at this point in time
30
Sousa, Chapter 1: The brainstem is the oldest & deepest area of the brain. It's responsible for respiration & heartbeat.
False
True
31
Sousa, Chapter 1: The cerebrum is the largest area of the brain. It's divided into 2 halves called cerebral hemispheres.
True
False
32
SDL-Merriam Chap 6: Which of the following are the main goals of SDL (choose all that apply)
Foster transformational learning
Create a working environment that can be shared with others
Enhance ability of adult learners to be self-directed in their learning
Promote emancipatory learning and social action
33
Sousa, Chapter 1: What neurotransmitter affects movement, attention, learning, pleasure, and reinforcement?
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Glutamate
34
SDL-Merriam Chap 6: What are 3 main teaching strategies to facilitate self-direction, metacognition, improved learning
PBL strategy, intentional learning environments, cognitive apprenticeships
Journal club, grand rounds, didactics
Mixed learning environment, formal instruction, formative evaluation
Group classes, asynchronous learning, discussion forums
35
Merriam, Ch 6: Only adults can be self-directed learners.
True
False
36
Sousa Intro: How does Positron-Emission Tomography work?
It looks at the concentration of radiation in active areas of the brain.
It looks to see if key chemicals are present in areas.
It records electrical activity of the brain.
It looks for areas of the brain that receive more oxygenated blood.
37
Merriam, Ch 6: Self-directed learning can only take place in institutionally based learning programs.
False
True
38
Sousa, Chapter 1: Attached to the hippocampus, *** plays an important role in emotional regulation...especially, fear.
Amygdala
Thalamus
Occipital Lobes
Hypothalamus
39
Sousa, Chapter 4: Which factors affect transfer?
All of the above!
Similarity
The Context and Degree of Original Learning
Association
Critical Attributes
40
Sousa, Chapter 1: The limbic system has the structures responsible for determining what gets stored in long-term memory.
True
False
41
ALT-Merriam Chap 5: Which of the following best describes McClusky's Theory of Margin for adult learning?
Balance between amount of energy to engage learning and amount available
Limited by the social context of the learner
Focuses on the individual learner, separate from the environment
Is a strict set of rules to follow
42
Sousa Chap 2: Learning or expertise is said to occur once the learner can retrieve a concept from ___________.
Sensory Memory
Long Term Memory
Working Memory
Immediate Memory
43
Sousa Chap 3: What is an example of an explicit memory?
Procedural Memory
Declarative Memory
Nonassociative learning
Classical Conditioning
44
Sousa, Chapter 4: Positive Transfer occurs when past interferes with new learning.
False
True
45
Sousa, Chapter 1: The limbic system (old mammalian brain) includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, & amygdala.
False
True
46
Sousa, Chapter 1: What neurotransmitter affects metabolism of glucose and release of eneregy during exercise?
Glutamate
Epinephrine
Endorphins
Serotonin
47
Sousa, Chapter 4: What factors affect transfer?
The Context and Degree of Original Learning
Critical Attributes
All of the above
Association
Similarity
48
Sousa, Chapter 4: Negative Transfer occurs when past learning helps the learner deal with new learning.
True
False
49
SDL-Merriam Chap 6: While many factors play a role in SDL, what are the 4 most important factors in autonomous learning?
Technical skills, familiarity, personal competenece, commitment
Resources, motivation, instruction, adherence
Time, presence of other learners, personal drive, self-awareness
Planning, external factors, previous experience, motivation
50
Sousa Intro: What are some components of action research? (select all that apply)
Report Results
Pubish Your Findings
Take Action Based on Results of Data
Identify or Redefine the Problem
51
Sousa, Chapter 4: The principle of learning is called transfer, and it is a two-part process.
True
False
52
Sousa Chap 3: What are examples of nondeclarative memories?
Nonassociative learning
Procedural memories
Episodic memories
Perceptual representation system
53
Sousa Chap 3: Primary-recency effect states that we remember that which comes _____ best.
Last
First
In the middle
Second
54
Sousa Chap 3: What are examples of semantic memory?
Words, facts, objects, faces
Autobiographical
Motor and cognitive skills
Implicit memory
55
SDL-Merriam Chap 6: Instructional models of SDL accomplish learning by doing which of the following?
Creating an environment to promote learning
Providing a framework for instuctors to help integrate SDL into programs
Creating coursework for students to complete in their free time
Promoting learning through direct instruction
56
Sousa Intro: What are neurotransmitters?
Electrodes that record the electrical signals of the brain.
Messages that the brain sends to other parts of the body.
Signals that allow people to communicate telepathically.
Brain chemicals that permit or inhibit signals between cells.
57
Sousa Intro: What technologies can examine how the brain functions? (select all that apply)
Electroencephalography (EEG) and Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
Positron-Emission Tomography (PET)
Functional Magnetic Resonance imaging (fMRI)
Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (fMRS)
58
Sousa, Chapter 1: What neurotransmitter provides relief from pain, feelings of well-being, and pleasure?
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Endorphins
Epinephrine
59
ALT-Merriam Chap 5: McClusky characterized the balance of energy needed and amount available by what?(choose correct)
"Load" of life that dissipates energy
"Integrity" for the learner to continue with desired goals
"Focus" to direct energy in a specific spot
"Power" of life that allows to deal with load
60
ALT-Merriam Chap 4: Jarvis's adult model focuses primarily on what aspect of learning
Learning as a self-directed practice
Learning in the social context
Learning with direct guidance
Learning at home
61
Sousa, Chapter 1: Nestled above the ears, these lobes primarily deal with sound, music, face, and object recognition?
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital
Auricular
62
Sousa, Chapter 1: Which part of the brain is called the executive control center (rational system)?
Parietal Lobes
Occipital Lobes
Temporal Lobes
Frontal Lobes
63
Sousa Chap 3: Gardner believed in 8 intelligences, including which of the following:
Musical
Linguistic
Psychological
Test ability
64
Sousa, Chapter 4: This is an example of a Thematic Unit.
True
False
65
Sousa Chapter 2: Conscious processing occurs at which levels of memory?
Long-Term Storage
Working Memory
Sensory Input
Immediate Memory
66
SDL-Merriam Chap 6: Which of the following is a difference between Self-Regulated Learning and Self-Directed Learning?
Every person who uses SRL also is good at SDL
Self-regulated learning does not use technology
Learners take responsibility for their learning
Learning goals are externally formulated by a teacher
67
SDL-Merriam Chap 6: Due to the growth of technology, Schrader-Naef suggest SDL strategies should be started when?
All education levels
High school
Adulthood
University level
68
Sousa Chap 2: The amount of time a concept can exist in working memory can be increased by what?
Level of Alertness
Motivation
Emotional Attachment
Repetition
69
Sousa Intro: What type of diagnostic tools can be used to look at brain structure? (select all that apply)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT)
Ultrasound (US)
Electroencephalography (EEG)
70
Sousa Intro: How does functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) work?
It looks at the concentration of radiation in active areas of the brain.
It looks for areas of the brain that receive more oxygenated blood.
It looks to see if key chemicals are present in areas.
It records electrical activity of the brain.
71
Merriam, Ch 6: What models propose that learners move through steps in a self-directed way to reach learning goals?
Observational
Instructional
Linear
Interactive
72
Sousa Chap 3: After memories are stored, they can be either retrieved and acted on or forgotten.
True
False
73
Sousa Chapter 2: The information processing model starts with by your senses processing what type of stimuli?
environmental
emotional
autonomic
neural
74
Sousa Chapter 2: There is one type of temporary memory.
False
True
75
Merriam, Ch 6: How are self-directed learning and technology related?
Technology promotes and enhances self-directed learning.
Self-directed learning makes technology able to be used in classrooms.
Self-directed learning drives technological innovation.
Technology is the reason self-directed learning is possible.
76
Sousa, Chapter 4: *** refers to the effect that past learning has on the processing & acquisition fo new learning.
Transfer of learning
Transfer after learning
Transfer during learning
Transfer before learning
77
Sousa Intro: What does conducting action research allow you to do? (select all that apply)
Gather data to determine the effectiveness of new strategies
Further your own professional development
Acclaim and enhance the use of research in teaching
Affirm the effectiveness of strategies you already use
78
Sousa, Chapter 4: High-road transfer requires careful deliberation to determine what prior learning or skills to apply.
False
True
79
Sousa Chap 3: The following affect retrieval:
System of storage
Adequacy of cues
Intelligence
Mood of retriever
80
Sousa, Chapter 1: All incoming sensory information goes to the *** first & then is directed to other parts of the brain.
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Occipital Lobes
Temporal Lobes
81
Sousa Intro: Complete this sentence - The more teachers know about how the brain learns…
…the higher their students will score on standardized tests.
…the greater number of instructional options that become available.
…the better they can convince their students to do their homework.
…the more information they are able to teach in a lesson.
82
SDL-Merriam Chap 6: Described by Tough and Knowles, the linear model of SDL involves learners doing what?
Moving through a series of steps in self-directed manner to achieve goals
Compiling a list of objectives from the instructor to complete goals
Clustering of learning activities to reach the desired goal
Formulating a learning plan and taking multiple elements in to meet goals
83
Merriam, Ch 6: What components make up self-directed learning, according to Knowles? (select all that apply)
Identifying human and material resourcs for learning
Evaluating learning outcomes
Diagnose learning needs
Formulate learning goals
84
Sousa Chap 2: Sensory input associated with negative memories may trigger stress hormones which ___ longterm memory.
inhibit
does not effect
enhance
85
ALT-Merriam Chap 5: There are many criticisms of Andragogy, which of the following are proposed issues?(choose correct)
Is not a theory, more of principle of good practice
Is not applicable to many minorities, foreign-born learners, apolitical
Focuses on the adult learner only
Ignores the sociohistorical context where learning takes place
86
Sousa, Chapter 1: What neurotransmitter affects sleep, impulsivity, mood, appetite, and aggression?
Glutamate
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Serotonin
87
Sousa Chap 3: This concept is best employed when teaching complex concepts.
Dress rehearsal
Elaborative rehearsal
Timed rehearsal
Rote rehearsal
88
Sousa, Chapter 4: While, *** refers to the degree to which the learner applies new learning in future situations.
Transfer before learning
Transfer during learning
Transfer after learning
Transfer of learning
89
ALT-Merriam Chap 4: According to Jarvis, what is the most important aspect required for an adult to learn?
Desire
Self-respect
Guideance
Experience
90
Sousa, Chapter 4: Low-road transfer refers to a learned & nearly automatic transfer of skills when 2 tasks are similar.
True
False
91
Sousa, Chapter 1: The *** is responsible for monitoring the internal systems of the body to maintain homeostasis.
Parietal Lobes
Hypothalamus
Frontal Lobes
Hippocampus
92
SDL-Merriam Chap 6: Garrison's model, an interactive SDL model, requires what three elements for SDL to occur?
Self-reliance, integrated services, social context
Self-management, self-monitoring, motivation
Direct education, resources, technology
Collaboration, input, guidance
93
ALT-Merriam Chap 5: Developed by Knowles in 1980, what is considered the first concept to descirbe adult learning
Andragogy
Pedagogy
Theory of Margin
Theory of insight
94
Sousa Chap 3: Sternberg proposed three patterns of intelligence: analytical, creative, and ________.
Kinesetic
Emotional
Visual
Practical
95
Sousa, Intro: What is neuroplasticity?
The ability of the brain to multitask.
The ability of the brain to regenerate after injury.
The ability of the brain to mold itself into different shapes.
The ability of the brain to continually reorganize itself based on input.
96
ALT-Merriam Chap 5: The "margin in life" is the ratio of what to participate in learning?
Force(F)/Load(L)= more force of learning allows it to occur
Power (P)/Load(L)-more power allows greater margin to learn
Power(P)/Force(F)= more power can overcome negative force
Work(W)/Load(L)= more work done can overcome the load to learn
97
Sousa Chap 2: Sensory input associated with a negative past experience will be processed faster in sensory memory.
True
False

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